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使用事件触发器实现DDL回收站、防火墙、增量订阅同步

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RDS PostgreSQL开放事件触发器,可以实现DDL回收站、DDL防火墙、DDL增量订阅同步等功能,灵活使用事件触发器可以减少维护成本,保护数据安全。

前提条件

实例版本为PostgreSQL 10、11、12云盘版。

背景信息

如果您对数据库安全有非常高的要求,可以基于事件触发器创建DDL回收站规则、DDL防火墙规则,在多个维度保护数据安全:

  • 事前防御:防止drop table、drop index、drop database等删库删表危险操作。

  • 事后回档:在发生意外删表后,可以从回收站找回。

原理是使用pg_get_ddl_command和pg_get_ddl_drop这两个事件触发器收集并存入DDL语句到表dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command中,其具体实现在函数pg_func_ddl_command()中。其中dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command表结构如下:

     Column      |            Type             | Collation | Nullable |      Default       | Storage  | Stats target | Description 
-----------------+-----------------------------+-----------+----------+--------------------+----------+--------------+-------------
 event           | text                        |           |          |                    | extended |              |   
 tag             | text                        |           |          |                    | extended |              | Command tag
 classid         | oid                         |           |          |                    | plain    |              | OID of catalog the object belonged in
 objid           | oid                         |           |          |                    | plain    |              | OID the object had within the catalog
 objsubid        | integer                     |           |          |                    | plain    |              | Object sub-id (e.g. attribute number for columns)
 object_type     | text                        |           |          |                    | extended |              | Type of the object
 schema_name     | text                        |           |          |                    | extended |              | Name of the schema the object belonged in, if any; otherwise NULL. No quoting is applied.
 object_identity | text                        |           |          |                    | extended |              | Text rendering of the object identity, schema-qualified.
 is_extension    | boolean                     |           |          |                    | plain    |              | True if the command is part of an extension script
 query           | text                        |           |          |                    | extended |              | sql text
 username        | text                        |           |          | CURRENT_USER       | extended |              |  
 datname         | text                        |           |          | current_database() | extended |              | 
 client_addr     | inet                        |           |          | inet_client_addr() | main     |              | 
 crt_time        | timestamp without time zone |           |          | now()              | plain    |              |

创建语句如下:

CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS dts_audit;
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command ( event text,
tag text, classid oid, objid oid, objsubid int,
object_type text, schema_name text, object_identity text, is_extension bool, query text,
username text default current_user, datname text default current_database(),
client_addr inet default inet_client_addr(), crt_time timestamp default now()
);

下文将以示例的方式介绍如何实现DDL回收站、DDL防火墙、DDL增量订阅及同步等功能,您可以根据业务情况修改相关代码。

DDL回收站

  1. 执行如下命令创建表、函数和相关触发器。

    /* external/rds_ddl_pulication/rds_ddl_pulication--1.0.sql */
    
    --create schema
    CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS dts_audit;
    --create table for ddl record
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command ( event text,
    tag text, classid oid, objid oid, objsubid int,
    object_type text, schema_name text, object_identity text, is_extension bool, query text,
    username text default current_user, datname text default current_database(), client_addr inet default inet_client_addr(), crt_time timestamp default now()
    );
    -- create function for event triggers
    create or replace function dts_audit.dts_func_ddl_command() returns event_trigger as $$
    declare v1 text;
    is_superuser bool = false;
    r record; 
    begin
        -- we don't record  ddl command from superusers 
        select u.rolsuper into is_superuser from pg_catalog.pg_roles u where u.rolname = SESSION_USER;
        if is_superuser then
            return;
        end if;
        select query into v1 from pg_stat_activity where pid=pg_backend_pid();
        -- RAISE NOTICE 'ddl event:%, command:%', tg_event, tg_tag;
        -- NB:since ddl_command_end cannot collect the details of the drop statement, we use sql_drop
        if TG_EVENT='ddl_command_end' then
            SELECT * into r FROM pg_event_trigger_ddl_commands(); 
            if r.classid > 0 then
                insert into dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command(event, tag, classid, objid, objsubid, object_type, schema_name, object_identity, is_extension, query)
                values(TG_EVENT, TG_TAG, r.classid, r.objid, r.objsubid, r.object_type, r.schema_name, r.object_identity, r.in_extension, v1);
             end if; 
        end if;
        if TG_EVENT='sql_drop' then
            -- To avoid repeated collection, we filtered 'ALTER TABLE' and 'ALTER FOREIGN TABLE'
            if TG_TAG != 'ALTER TABLE' and TG_TAG != 'ALTER FOREIGN TABLE' then
                SELECT * into r FROM pg_event_trigger_dropped_objects();
                insert into dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command(event, tag, classid, objid, objsubid, object_type, schema_name, object_identity, is_extension, query)
                values(TG_EVENT, TG_TAG, r.classid, r.objid, r.objsubid, r.object_type, r.schema_name, r.object_identity, 'f', v1);
            end if; 
        end if;
    end;
    $$ language plpgsql strict;
    -- ddl_command_end event trigger
    CREATE EVENT TRIGGER pg_get_ddl_command on ddl_command_end EXECUTE PROCEDURE dts_audit.dts_func_ddl_command();
    -- pg_get_ddl_drop event trigger
    CREATE EVENT TRIGGER pg_get_ddl_drop on sql_drop EXECUTE PROCEDURE dts_audit.dts_func_ddl_command();
    -- grant privileges to all user
    GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA dts_audit TO PUBLIC;
    GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON TABLE dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command TO PUBLIC;
    说明

    执行以上命令后,您的DDL语句就会记录在表dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command中。

  2. 执行一个DDL语句,测试能否记录变更。

    create table tb_test(id int);
    select * from dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command;
    测试是否成功记录DDL

DDL防火墙

您可以根据业务需求创建事件触发器,使用ddl_command_start事件类型,可以阻止相应的DDL语句执行。

  1. 创建触发器函数。

    CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION abort1()
      RETURNS event_trigger
     LANGUAGE plpgsql
      AS $$
    BEGIN
      if current_user = 'test1' then
        RAISE EXCEPTION 'event:%, command:%', tg_event, tg_tag;
      end if;
     END;
    $$;
  2. 创建触发器阻止创建和删除表的语句。

    create event trigger b on ddl_command_start when TAG IN ('CREATE TABLE', 'DROP TABLE') execute procedure abort1();
  3. 使用对应的用户test1登录实例后创建表,测试能否创建。

    无法创建
    说明

    DDL语句被成功阻止。

DDL增量订阅同步

在发布端我们将已经执行了的DDL语句存储在dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command中。订阅端可以读取记录进行同步。

  1. 在发布端执行发布命令。

    CREATE PUBLICATION my_ddl_publication FOR TABLE ONLY dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command;
  2. 在订阅端创建相同的表。

    CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS dts_audit;
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command ( event text,
    tag text, classid oid, objid oid, objsubid int,
    object_type text, schema_name text, object_identity text, is_extension bool, query text,
    username text, datname text, client_addr inet , crt_time timestamp );
  3. 在订阅端创建订阅。

    CREATE SUBSCRIPTION my_ddl_subscriptin CONNECTION 'host=*** port=*** user=*** password=***  dbname=**' PUBLICATION my_ddl_publication;
    说明

    需要确保实例参数wal_level的值为logical,您可以在控制台的参数设置页面进行修改,该参数修改后需要重启实例才能生效。详情请参见逻辑订阅

    示例

    CREATE SUBSCRIPTION my_ddl_subscriptin CONNECTION 'host=pgm-bpxxxxx.pg.rds.aliyuncs.com port=1433 user=test1 password=xxxxx  dbname=testdb1' PUBLICATION my_ddl_publication;
  4. 在订阅端针对dts_audit.dts_tb_ddl_command表创建相应的触发器,实现DDL增量同步。

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