本文介绍如何使用Alibaba Cloud SDK for Python创建SNAT条目。
前提条件
在使用Alibaba Cloud SDK for Python前,您需要完成以下准备工作:
- 您需要一个阿里云账号和访问密钥(AccessKey)。 请在阿里云控制台中的AccessKey管理页面上创建和查看您的AccessKey。
- 确保您已经安装了Alibaba Cloud SDK for Python。
- 下载阿里云专有网络Python SDK场景示例的VPC Python Example库。 进入setup.py所在的目录,执行以下命令,完成环境初始化配置。
python setup.py install
背景信息
本文代码示例中包含以下操作:- 在华东2上海地域创建一个VPC。
- 在新建的VPC下创建一个VSwitch。
- 在新建的VPC下创建一个NAT网关。
- 在华东2上海地域创建一个EIP。
- 将创建的EIP绑定到NAT网关。
- 创建SNAT条目。
- 查询绑定到NAT网关的EIP。
- 查询NAT网关。
- 删除SNAT条目。
- 将EIP与NAT网关解绑。
- 删除NAT网关。
- 释放EIP。
- 删除VSwitch。
- 删除VPC。
操作步骤
- 在下载的SDK目录中,打开aliyun-openapi-python-sdk-examples\sdk_examples\examples\natgw文件夹。
- 使用编辑器打开natgw_snat.py文件,根据实际情况配置相关参数,保存退出。完整代码示例如下:
#encoding=utf-8 import sys import json import time from alibabacloud_credentials.client import Client as CredClient from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException, ClientException from aliyunsdkvpc.request.v20160428 import CreateNatGatewayRequest from aliyunsdkvpc.request.v20160428 import DeleteNatGatewayRequest from aliyunsdkvpc.request.v20160428 import DescribeNatGatewaysRequest from aliyunsdkvpc.request.v20160428 import CreateSnatEntryRequest from aliyunsdkvpc.request.v20160428 import DescribeSnatTableEntriesRequest from aliyunsdkvpc.request.v20160428 import DeleteSnatEntryRequest from sdk_lib.sdk_vpc import Vpc from sdk_lib.sdk_vswitch import VSwitch from sdk_lib.sdk_eip import Eip from sdk_lib.sdk_cbwp import CommonBandwidthPackage from sdk_lib.common_util import CommonUtil from sdk_lib.check_status import CheckStatus from sdk_lib.exception import ExceptionHandler from sdk_lib.consts import * # 阿里云账号AccessKey拥有所有API的访问权限,建议您使用RAM用户进行API访问或日常运维。 # 强烈建议不要把AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret保存到工程代码里,否则可能导致AccessKey泄露,威胁您账号下所有资源的安全。 # 本示例通过阿里云Credentials工具从环境变量中读取AccessKey,来实现API访问的身份验证。如何配置环境变量,请参见https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/378659.html。 cred = CredClient() access_key_id = cred.get_access_key_id() access_key_secret = cred.get_access_key_secret() # 创建AcsClient实例 client = AcsClient(access_key_id, access_key_secret, '<your-region-id>') class NatGateway(object): def __init__(self, client): self.client = client def create_nat_gateway(self, params): """ create_nat_gateway: 创建nat gateway """ try: request = CreateNatGatewayRequest.CreateNatGatewayRequest() request.set_VpcId(params['vpc_id']) response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) response_json = json.loads(response) # 判断Nat Gateway状态是否可用 if CheckStatus.check_status(TIME_DEFAULT_OUT, DEFAULT_TIME, self.describe_nat_gateway_status, AVAILABLE, response_json['NatGatewayId']): return response_json except ServerException as e: ExceptionHandler.server_exception(e) except ClientException as e: ExceptionHandler.client_exception(e) def describe_nat_gateway(self, nat_gateway_id): """ describe_nat_gateway: 查询指定地域已创建的nat gateway的信息 """ try: request = DescribeNatGatewaysRequest.DescribeNatGatewaysRequest() request.set_NatGatewayId(nat_gateway_id) response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) response_json = json.loads(response) return response_json except ServerException as e: ExceptionHandler.server_exception(e) except ClientException as e: ExceptionHandler.client_exception(e) def delete_nat_gateway(self, params): """ delete_nat_gateway: 删除nat gateway """ try: request = DeleteNatGatewayRequest.DeleteNatGatewayRequest() request.set_NatGatewayId(params['nat_gateway_id']) response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) response_json = json.loads(response) # 判断Nat Gateway状态是否可用 if CheckStatus.check_status(TIME_DEFAULT_OUT, DEFAULT_TIME * 5, self.describe_nat_gateway_status, '', params['nat_gateway_id']): return response_json except ServerException as e: ExceptionHandler.server_exception(e) except ClientException as e: ExceptionHandler.client_exception(e) def describe_nat_gateway_status(self, nat_gateway_id): """ describe_nat_gateway_status: 查询指定地域已创建的nat gateway的状态 """ response = self.describe_nat_gateway(nat_gateway_id) if len(response["NatGateways"]["NatGateway"]) == 0: return '' return response["NatGateways"]["NatGateway"][0]['Status'] def create_snat_entry(self, params): """ describe_snat: 创建snat entry """ try: request = CreateSnatEntryRequest.CreateSnatEntryRequest() request.set_SnatTableId(params['snat_table_id']) request.set_SourceVSwitchId(params['vswitch_id']) request.set_SnatIp(params['snat_ip']) response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) response_json = json.loads(response) # 判断Snat Entry状态是否可用 if CheckStatus.check_status(TIME_DEFAULT_OUT, DEFAULT_TIME, self.describe_snat_status, AVAILABLE, params['snat_table_id']): return response_json except ServerException as e: ExceptionHandler.server_exception(e) except ClientException as e: ExceptionHandler.client_exception(e) def describe_snat(self, snat_table_id): """ describe_snat: 查询指定地域已创建的snat的信息l """ try: request = DescribeSnatTableEntriesRequest.DescribeSnatTableEntriesRequest() request.set_SnatTableId(snat_table_id) response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) response_json = json.loads(response) return response_json except ServerException as e: ExceptionHandler.server_exception(e) except ClientException as e: ExceptionHandler.client_exception(e) def describe_snat_status(self, snat_table_id): """ describe_snat_status: 查询指定地域已创建的snat的状态 """ response = self.describe_snat(snat_table_id) if len(response["SnatTableEntries"]["SnatTableEntry"]) == 0: return '' return response["SnatTableEntries"]["SnatTableEntry"][0]['Status'] def delete_snat_entry(self, params): """ delete_snat_entry: 删除snat entry """ try: request = DeleteSnatEntryRequest.DeleteSnatEntryRequest() request.set_SnatTableId(params['snat_table_id']) request.set_SnatEntryId(params['snat_entry_id']) response = client.do_action_with_exception(request) response_json = json.loads(response) # 判断Snat Entry状态是否可用 if CheckStatus.check_status(TIME_DEFAULT_OUT, DEFAULT_TIME * 5, self.describe_snat_status, '', params['snat_table_id']): return response_json except ServerException as e: ExceptionHandler.server_exception(e) except ClientException as e: ExceptionHandler.client_exception(e) def main(): vpc = Vpc(client) vswitch = VSwitch(client) eip = Eip(client) cbwp = CommonBandwidthPackage(client) nat_gateway = NatGateway(client) params = {} # 创建vpc vpc_json = vpc.create_vpc() CommonUtil.log("create_vpc", vpc_json) # 创建vswitch params['vpc_id'] = vpc_json['VpcId'] params['zone_id'] = "cn-hangzhou-d" params['cidr_block'] = "172.16.1.0/24" vswitch_json = vswitch.create_vswitch(params) CommonUtil.log("create_vswitch", vswitch_json) params['vswitch_id'] = vswitch_json['VSwitchId'] # 创建natgw nat_gateway_json = nat_gateway.create_nat_gateway(params) CommonUtil.log("create_nat_gateway", nat_gateway_json) # 创建EIP eip_response_json = eip.allocate_eip_address(params) CommonUtil.log("allocate_eip_address", eip_response_json) params['allocation_id'] = eip_response_json["AllocationId"] params['snat_ip'] = eip_response_json['EipAddress'] # 绑定EIP到NAT网关 params['instance_id'] = nat_gateway_json['NatGatewayId'] params['allocation_id'] = eip_response_json["AllocationId"] params['instance_type'] = 'Nat' eip_response_json = eip.associate_eip_address(params) CommonUtil.log("associate_eip_address eip", eip_response_json) # 创建snat entry params['snat_table_id'] = nat_gateway_json['SnatTableIds']['SnatTableId'][0] snat_entry_json = nat_gateway.create_snat_entry(params) CommonUtil.log("create_snat_entry", snat_entry_json) # 查询EIP eip_response_json = eip.describe_eip_address(params['allocation_id']) CommonUtil.log("describe_eip_address", eip_response_json) # 查询natgw params['nat_gateway_id'] = nat_gateway_json['NatGatewayId'] nat_gateway_json = nat_gateway.describe_nat_gateway(params['nat_gateway_id']) CommonUtil.log("describe_nat_gateway", nat_gateway_json) # 删除snat entry params['snat_entry_id'] = snat_entry_json['SnatEntryId'] snat_entry_json = nat_gateway.delete_snat_entry(params) CommonUtil.log("delete_snat_entry", snat_entry_json) # 解绑EIP eip_response_json = eip.unassociate_eip_address(params) CommonUtil.log("unassociate_eip_address nat", eip_response_json) # 删除natgw nat_gateway_json = nat_gateway.delete_nat_gateway(params) CommonUtil.log("delete_nat_gateway", nat_gateway_json) # 释放EIP eip_response_json = eip.release_eip_address(params) CommonUtil.log("release_eip_address", eip_response_json) # 删除vswitch params['vswitch_id'] = vswitch_json['VSwitchId'] vswitch_json = vswitch.delete_vswitch(params) CommonUtil.log("delete_vswitch", vswitch_json) # 删除vpc vpc_json = vpc.delete_vpc(params) CommonUtil.log("delete_vpc", vpc_json) if __name__ == "__main__": sys.exit(main())
- 进入natgw_snat.py所在的目录,执行以下命令,创建SNAT条目。
python natgw_snat.py
执行结果
系统回显结果如下:
---------------------------create_vpc---------------------------
{
"ResourceGroupId": "rg-acfmxazxxxxxxxx",
"RouteTableId": "vtb-uf6a8ccj9ne58xxxxxxxx",
"VRouterId": "vrt-uf6qqqaf1o1ptxxxxxxxx",
"VpcId": "vpc-uf6hxer3h07wgxxxxxxxx",
"RequestId": "8F483A7B-8A38-47ED-85BD-1E83C075AEA4"
}
---------------------------create_vswitch---------------------------
{
"VSwitchId": "vsw-uf6lbov9tyetqxxxxxxxx",
"RequestId": "2EE2E11B-EF60-4C88-BE2A-F45517290B31"
}
---------------------------create_nat_gateway---------------------------
{
"NatGatewayId": "ngw-uf6l3c3rswubuxxxxxxxx",
"BandwidthPackageIds": {
"BandwidthPackageId": []
},
"ForwardTableIds": {
"ForwardTableId": [
"ftb-uf6086r1hyecbxxxxxxxx"
]
},
"RequestId": "9037D769-24C8-46AD-83F3-4C0538FA5970",
"SnatTableIds": {
"SnatTableId": [
"stb-uf6ppo11rsecmxxxxxxxx"
]
}
}
---------------------------allocate_eip_address---------------------------
{
"EipAddress": "101.xx.xx.110",
"ResourceGroupId": "rg-acfmxazxxxxxxxx",
"RequestId": "0DE621B4-6BDE-4E17-A294-8F71FBB9F710",
"AllocationId": "eip-uf6d311cpmr0nxxxxxxxx"
}
---------------------------associate_eip_address eip---------------------------
{
"RequestId": "C95B2EDC-F081-4784-B60B-2600F60E684D"
}
---------------------------create_snat_entry---------------------------
{
"SnatEntryId": "snat-uf6ppbwshdu40xxxxxxxx",
"RequestId": "BB9F8FD2-3CB5-4F84-8006-FE64BF3BEA06"
}
---------------------------describe_eip_address---------------------------
{
"TotalCount": 1,
"PageNumber": 1,
"PageSize": 10,
"EipAddresses": {
"EipAddress": [
{
"ISP": "BGP",
"ExpiredTime": "",
"InternetChargeType": "PayByBandwidth",
"IpAddress": "101.xx.xx.110",
"AllocationId": "eip-uf6d311cpmr0nxxxxxxxx",
"PrivateIpAddress": "",
"Status": "InUse",
"BandwidthPackageId": "",
"InstanceId": "ngw-uf6l3c3rswubuxxxxxxxx",
"InstanceRegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"AvailableRegions": {
"AvailableRegion": [
"cn-shanghai"
]
},
"ResourceGroupId": "rg-acfmxazxxxxxxxx",
"HasReservationData": false,
"InstanceType": "Nat",
"AllocationTime": "2019-04-24T11:20:09Z",
"Name": "",
"OperationLocks": {
"LockReason": []
},
"Mode": "NAT",
"BandwidthPackageType": "",
"BandwidthPackageBandwidth": "",
"Bandwidth": "5",
"HDMonitorStatus": "OFF",
"ChargeType": "PostPaid",
"SecondLimited": false,
"Descritpion": ""
}
]
},
"RequestId": "19052237-6E84-4258-89B9-05772C33C0DC"
}
---------------------------describe_nat_gateway---------------------------
{
"TotalCount": 1,
"PageNumber": 1,
"RequestId": "26CAA3FE-B400-4522-9582-2DAAF69129AE",
"PageSize": 10,
"NatGateways": {
"NatGateway": [
{
"Status": "Available",
"BandwidthPackageIds": {
"BandwidthPackageId": []
},
"VpcId": "vpc-uf6hxer3h07wgxxxxxxxx",
"Description": "",
"ForwardTableIds": {
"ForwardTableId": [
"ftb-uf6086r1hyecbxxxxxxxx"
]
},
"IpLists": {
"IpList": [
{
"UsingStatus": "UsedBySnatTable",
"IpAddress": "101.xx.xx.110",
"AllocationId": "eip-uf6d311cpmr0nxxxxxxxx"
}
]
},
"BusinessStatus": "Normal",
"RegionId": "cn-shanghai",
"CreationTime": "2019-04-24T11:20:06Z",
"NatGatewayId": "ngw-uf6l3c3rswubuxxxxxxxx",
"SnatTableIds": {
"SnatTableId": [
"stb-uf6ppo11rsecmxxxxxxxx"
]
},
"AutoPay": false,
"InstanceChargeType": "PostPaid",
"ExpiredTime": "",
"Spec": "Small",
"Name": ""
}
]
}
}
---------------------------delete_snat_entry---------------------------
{
"RequestId": "CDA82881-ACF0-4DD1-887B-A764F56F180D"
}
---------------------------unassociate_eip_address nat--------------------------
-
{
"RequestId": "140C46FF-0DB0-47F9-B0F4-3459DF117EAF"
}
---------------------------delete_nat_gateway---------------------------
{
"RequestId": "8709747C-6786-443C-8AEA-51647AA49769"
}
---------------------------release_eip_address---------------------------
{
"RequestId": "0BC21C23-0FB3-4594-8B14-6552DF788C93"
}
---------------------------delete_vswitch---------------------------
{
"RequestId": "16E840EC-E058-40C1-A5BF-8CDF672EA139"
}
---------------------------delete_vpc---------------------------
{
"RequestId": "B5F18126-FF2A-4005-9973-3984034DF0F4"
}