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创建表

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本文介绍如何使用DMS(Data Management Service)在云数据库ClickHouse中创建表。

前提条件

已完成快速入门的如下步骤。

操作步骤

  1. 在的SQL Console页面中,输入CREATE TABLE语句创建本地表。

    说明

    本地表(Local tables)是实际存储数据的表,每个ClickHouse节点上都有其自己的本地表,这些表用于管理和查询存储在该节点上的数据。本地表适合于作为集群中每个节点的数据分片。

    语法:

    CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]local_table_name ON CLUSTER cluster
    (
        name1 [type1] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr1],
        name2 [type2] [DEFAULT|MATERIALIZED|ALIAS expr2],
        ...
        INDEX index_name1 expr1 TYPE type1(...) GRANULARITY value1,
        INDEX index_name2 expr2 TYPE type2(...) GRANULARITY value2
    ) ENGINE = engine_name()
    [PARTITION BY expr]
    [ORDER BY expr]
    [PRIMARY KEY expr]
    [SAMPLE BY expr]
    [SETTINGS name=value, ...];

    参数说明:

    参数

    说明

    db

    指定数据库的名称,默认为当前选择的数据库。

    local_table_name

    本地表名。

    cluster

    指定集群的名称,固定为default。

    name1,name2

    列名。

    type1,type2

    列类型。

    engine_name

    表引擎类型,具体请参见表引擎

    说明

    单副本版为MergeTree,双副本版为ReplicatedMergeTree。

    PARTITION BY

    指定分区键。

    ORDER BY

    指定排序键。

    PRIMARY KEY

    指定主键。

    SAMPLE BY

    抽样表达式。如果要使用抽样表达式,主键中必须包含这个表达式。

    SETTINGS

    影响性能的其他参数。

    说明

    更多参数说明,请参见Create Table

    示例:

    CREATE TABLE clickhouse_demo.ontime_local ON CLUSTER default
    (
        `Year`                            UInt16,
        `Quarter`                         UInt8,
        `Month`                           UInt8,
        `DayofMonth`                      UInt8,
        `DayOfWeek`                       UInt8,
        `FlightDate`                      Date,
        `Reporting_Airline`               String,
        `DOT_ID_Reporting_Airline`        Int32,
        `IATA_CODE_Reporting_Airline`     String,
        `Tail_Number`                     String,
        `Flight_Number_Reporting_Airline` String,
        `OriginAirportID`                 Int32,
        `OriginAirportSeqID`              Int32,
        `OriginCityMarketID`              Int32,
        `Origin`                          FixedString(5),
        `OriginCityName`                  String,
        `OriginState`                     FixedString(2),
        `OriginStateFips`                 String,
        `OriginStateName`                 String,
        `OriginWac`                       Int32,
        `DestAirportID`                   Int32,
        `DestAirportSeqID`                Int32,
        `DestCityMarketID`                Int32,
        `Dest`                            FixedString(5),
        `DestCityName`                    String,
        `DestState`                       FixedString(2),
        `DestStateFips`                   String,
        `DestStateName`                   String,
        `DestWac`                         Int32,
        `CRSDepTime`                      Int32,
        `DepTime`                         Int32,
        `DepDelay`                        Int32,
        `DepDelayMinutes`                 Int32,
        `DepDel15`                        Int32,
        `DepartureDelayGroups`            String,
        `DepTimeBlk`                      String,
        `TaxiOut`                         Int32,
        `WheelsOff`                       Int32,
        `WheelsOn`                        Int32,
        `TaxiIn`                          Int32,
        `CRSArrTime`                      Int32,
        `ArrTime`                         Int32,
        `ArrDelay`                        Int32,
        `ArrDelayMinutes`                 Int32,
        `ArrDel15`                        Int32,
        `ArrivalDelayGroups`              Int32,
        `ArrTimeBlk`                      String,
        `Cancelled`                       UInt8,
        `CancellationCode`                FixedString(1),
        `Diverted`                        UInt8,
        `CRSElapsedTime`                  Int32,
        `ActualElapsedTime`               Int32,
        `AirTime`                         Nullable(Int32),
        `Flights`                         Int32,
        `Distance`                        Int32,
        `DistanceGroup`                   UInt8,
        `CarrierDelay`                    Int32,
        `WeatherDelay`                    Int32,
        `NASDelay`                        Int32,
        `SecurityDelay`                   Int32,
        `LateAircraftDelay`               Int32,
        `FirstDepTime`                    String,
        `TotalAddGTime`                   String,
        `LongestAddGTime`                 String,
        `DivAirportLandings`              String,
        `DivReachedDest`                  String,
        `DivActualElapsedTime`            String,
        `DivArrDelay`                     String,
        `DivDistance`                     String,
        `Div1Airport`                     String,
        `Div1AirportID`                   Int32,
        `Div1AirportSeqID`                Int32,
        `Div1WheelsOn`                    String,
        `Div1TotalGTime`                  String,
        `Div1LongestGTime`                String,
        `Div1WheelsOff`                   String,
        `Div1TailNum`                     String,
        `Div2Airport`                     String,
        `Div2AirportID`                   Int32,
        `Div2AirportSeqID`                Int32,
        `Div2WheelsOn`                    String,
        `Div2TotalGTime`                  String,
        `Div2LongestGTime`                String,
        `Div2WheelsOff`                   String,
        `Div2TailNum`                     String,
        `Div3Airport`                     String,
        `Div3AirportID`                   Int32,
        `Div3AirportSeqID`                Int32,
        `Div3WheelsOn`                    String,
        `Div3TotalGTime`                  String,
        `Div3LongestGTime`                String,
        `Div3WheelsOff`                   String,
        `Div3TailNum`                     String,
        `Div4Airport`                     String,
        `Div4AirportID`                   Int32,
        `Div4AirportSeqID`                Int32,
        `Div4WheelsOn`                    String,
        `Div4TotalGTime`                  String,
        `Div4LongestGTime`                String,
        `Div4WheelsOff`                   String,
        `Div4TailNum`                     String,
        `Div5Airport`                     String,
        `Div5AirportID`                   Int32,
        `Div5AirportSeqID`                Int32,
        `Div5WheelsOn`                    String,
        `Div5TotalGTime`                  String,
        `Div5LongestGTime`                String,
        `Div5WheelsOff`                   String,
        `Div5TailNum`                     String
    )ENGINE = ReplicatedMergeTree()
     PARTITION BY toYYYYMM(FlightDate)
     PRIMARY KEY (intHash32(FlightDate))
     ORDER BY (intHash32(FlightDate))
     SAMPLE BY intHash32(FlightDate)
    SETTINGS index_granularity= 8192 ;
  2. 创建分布式表,方便数据的写入和查询。

    说明
    • 云数据库ClickHouse企业版不需要创建分布式表。企业版支持的表引擎详情请参考云数据库ClickHouse企业版兼容性指导

    • 分布式表(Distributed tables)是虚拟的表,不直接存储任何数据,而是作为一个查询层,将查询分发到一个或多个节点上的本地表,并汇总返回结果。分布式表适用于在ClickHouse集群环境中实现数据分布查询和处理。

    语法:

    CREATE TABLE  [db.]d_table_name ON CLUSTER cluster
     AS db.local_table_name ENGINE = Distributed(cluster, db, local_table_name [, sharding_key])

    参数说明:

    参数

    说明

    db

    指定数据库的名称,默认为当前选择的数据库。

    d_table_name

    分布式表名。

    cluster

    指定集群的名称,固定为default。

    local_table_name

    已创建的本地表名。

    sharding_key

    分片表达式。

    说明

    更多参数说明,请参见Create Table

    示例:

    CREATE TABLE ontime_local_distributed ON CLUSTER default
     AS clickhouse_demo.ontime_local  
    ENGINE = Distributed(default, clickhouse_demo, ontime_local, rand());

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