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ECS指标预测

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通过Jupyter Lab中内置的模板,模拟ECS指标数据,并结合机器学习预测函数,预测指标趋势。本文介绍如何通过日志服务和机器学习来预测ECS指标的使用方法。

前提条件

  • 已创建RAM用户并完成授权。具体操作,请参见创建RAM用户并完成授权

  • 已配置环境变量ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_IDALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。具体操作,请参见配置环境变量

    重要
    • 阿里云账号的AccessKey拥有所有API的访问权限,建议您使用RAM用户的AccessKey进行API访问或日常运维。

    • 强烈建议不要把AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret保存到工程代码里,否则可能导致AccessKey泄露,威胁您账号下所有资源的安全。

  • 已创建保存时序库结果的日志库。更多信息,请参见管理Logstore

  • 已创建接入模拟数据的时序库。更多信息,请参见管理MetricStore

步骤一:初始化日志服务Client

LogClient是日志服务的Python客户端,用于管理Project、Logstore等日志服务资源。使用Python SDK发起日志服务请求,您需要初始化一个Client实例。示例代码如下所示:

# Setup basic client
# !pip install -U matplotlib
import time
import os
import json
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import aliyun.log as sls

# 日志服务的服务入口。
endpoint = "cn-beijing.log.aliyuncs.com"

# 本示例从环境变量中获取AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret。
accessId = os.environ.get('ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID', '')
accessKey = os.environ.get('ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET', '')
# Project名称。
project  = "YOUR_SLS_PROJECT"
# MetricStore名称。
metricstore = "YOUR_SLS_METRICSTORE"
# 保存巡检结果的Logstore。
sink_logstore = 'YOUR_SLS_LOGSTORE_FOR_RESULTS_WRITE' 
# 设置任务名称。
task_name = "YOUR_TASK_NAME" 
# 创建LogClient。
client = sls.LogClient(endpoint, accessId, accessKey)

步骤二:写入ECS指标数据到日志服务

  1. 通过代码生成ECS指标模拟数据。

    示例代码如下所示:

    # 定义生成数据方法。
    class MockParam:
        def __init__(self, a, b, omega, phi, is_show=False):
            self.a = a
            self.b = b
            self.omega = omega
            self.phi = phi
            self.is_show = is_show
    
        def run(self, x_data):
            y_data = self.a * np.sin(self.omega / (2.0 * np.pi) * x_data + self.phi) + self.b
            if self.is_show:
                plt.figure(figsize=(20, 3))
                plt.plot(x_data, y_data)
                plt.show()
            return y_data
    
        
    def gen_mock_cpu_data(st_time, ed_time, step=150, mock_param=None):
        st_time = st_time // step * step
        ed_time = st_time + (ed_time - st_time) // step * step
        n = (ed_time - st_time) // step + 1
        x_data = np.linspace(st_time, ed_time, n)
        if mock_param is not None:
            y_data = mock_param.run(x_data)
            return x_data, y_data
        return None, None
    
    # 调用并显示生成数据。
    end_time = int(time.mktime(time.localtime()))
    start_time = end_time - 24 * 60 * 60
    
    mock_param = MockParam(10, 1, 10, 1, is_show=True)
    x_data, y_data = gen_mock_cpu_data(start_time, end_time, mock_param=mock_param)
    
    print(len(x_data))
    print(len(y_data))

    生成的ECS指标模拟数据,如下图所示。data

  2. 获取已创建的Project和Logstore。

    示例代码如下所示:

    import time
    from aliyun.log.logitem import LogItem
    from aliyun.log.putlogsrequest import PutLogsRequest
    from aliyun.log import IndexConfig
    
    
    # hostname: iZhp3fqc8ciryj43wtn76xZ
    # metricname: cpu_sys_util
    # value: 0.83
    
    hostname = "iZhp3fqc8ciryj43wtn76xZ"
    metric_name = "cpu_sys_util"
    
    # 获取Project和Logstore。
    print("create project & logstore")
    try:
        res = client.get_project(project)
    except:
        res = client.create_project(project, "a simple demo project")
    try:
        res = client.get_logstore(project, logstore)
    except:
        res = client.create_logstore(project, logstore, ttl=30, shard_count=2)
    
    # 开启索引。
    print("create index")
    request_json = {
         "keys": {
           "hostname": {
             "caseSensitive": False,
             "token": [
               ",", " ", "\"", "\"", ";", "=",  "(", ")", "[", "]",
               "{", "}", "?", "@", "&", "<", ">", "/", ":", "\n", "\t"
             ],
             "type": "text",
             "doc_value": True
           },
           "metricname": {
             "caseSensitive": False,
             "token": [
               ",", " ", "\"", "\"", ";", "=",  "(", ")", "[", "]",
               "{", "}", "?", "@", "&", "<", ">", "/", ":", "\n", "\t"
             ],
             "type": "text",
             "doc_value": True
           },
           "value": {
             "doc_value": True,
             "type": "long"
           }
         },
         "storage": "pg",
         "ttl": 2,
         "index_mode": "v2",
         "line": {
           "caseSensitive": False,
           "token": [
             ",", " ", "\"", "\"", ";", "=", "(", ")", "[", "]", "{",
             "}", "?", "@", "&", "<", ">", "/", ":", "\n", "\t"
           ]
         }
       }
    request = IndexConfig()
    request.from_json(request_json)
    res = client.create_index(project, logstore, request)
    res.log_print()
    print("wait for 1 minute")
    time.sleep(60)
  3. 将ECS指标数据写入日志库。

    示例代码如下所示:

    # 写入日志数据。
    print("upload data")
    log_items = []
    for x, y in zip(x_data, y_data):
        log_time = int(x)
        log_content = list()
        log_content.append(("hostname", "{}".format(hostname)))
        log_content.append(("metricname", metric_name))
        log_content.append(("value", "{}".format(y)))
        log_item = LogItem(timestamp=log_time, contents=log_content)
        log_items.append(log_item)
    
    putReq = PutLogsRequest(project=project, logstore=logstore, topic=topic, logitems=log_items)
    res = client.put_logs(putReq)
    res.log_print()

步骤三:调测并输出预测结果

完成数据准备后,您可以编写代码调用机器学习函数,对数据进行预测分析,并输出预测结果。

  1. 查询日志。

    示例代码如下:

    # Query SLS Logstore
    query = '''__topic__: PREDICT_DEMO and metricname: cpu_sys_util | select __time__ as t, value, hostname from log order by t limit 10000'''
    datas = []
    for i in client.get_log_all(project, logstore, start_time, end_time, query=query):
        for log in i.logs:
            datas.append(log.get_contents())
    
    df_ret = pd.DataFrame(datas)
    print(df_ret)
  2. 使用ts_predicate_ar或者ts_predicate_arma函数进行预测,并输出结果。

    • 使用机器学习函数ts_predicate_ar进行预测,示例代码如下:

      query = '''__topic__: PREDICT_DEMO and metricname: cpu_sys_util | select ts_predicate_ar(t, value, 40, 100) from ( select __time__ as t, value from log order by t ) limit 10000'''
      datas = []
      for i in client.get_log_all(project, logstore, start_time, end_time, query=query):
          for log in i.logs:
              datas.append(log.get_contents())
      
      df_ret = pd.DataFrame(datas)
      
      # Visualize predicted values
      df_ret.set_index("unixtime", inplace=True)
      df_ret = df_ret.astype("double")
      print(df_ret)
      df_ret[["predict", "src"]].plot(figsize=(20, 3))

      ECS指标预测趋势,如下图所示。predict1

    • 使用机器学习函数ts_predicate_arma进行预测,示例代码如下。

      query = '''__topic__: PREDICT_DEMO and metricname: cpu_sys_util | select ts_predicate_arma(t, value, 50, 1, 100) from ( select __time__ as t, value from log order by t ) limit 10000'''
      datas = []
      for i in client.get_log_all(project, logstore, start_time, end_time, query=query):
          for log in i.logs:
              datas.append(log.get_contents())
      
      df_ret = pd.DataFrame(datas)
      
      # Visualize predicted values
      df_ret.set_index("unixtime", inplace=True)
      df_ret = df_ret.astype("double")
      print(df_ret)
      df_ret[["predict", "src"]].plot(figsize=(20, 3))

      ECS指标预测趋势,如下图所示。data2

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