本文介绍云数据库 SelectDB 版与Iceberg数据源进行对接使用的流程,帮助您对Iceberg数据源进行联邦分析。
注意事项
支持Iceberg V1、V2表格式。
V2格式仅支持Position Delete方式,不支持Equality Delete。
创建Catalog
基于Hive Metastore创建Catalog
和Hive Catalog基本一致,此处仅提供简单示例,更多信息请参见Hive数据源。
CREATE CATALOG iceberg PROPERTIES (
'type'='hms',
'hive.metastore.uris' = 'thrift://172.21.0.1:7004',
'hadoop.username' = 'hive',
'dfs.nameservices'='your-nameservice',
'dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice'='nn1,nn2',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn1'='172.21.0.2:4007',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn2'='172.21.0.3:4007',
'dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice'='org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider'
);
基于Iceberg API创建Catalog
使用Iceberg API访问元数据的方式,支持Hadoop File System、Hive、REST、DLF等服务作为Iceberg的Catalog。
Hadoop Catalog
-- 非HA集群
CREATE CATALOG iceberg_hadoop PROPERTIES (
'type'='iceberg',
'iceberg.catalog.type' = 'hadoop',
'warehouse' = 'hdfs://your-host:8020/dir/key'
);
-- HA集群
CREATE CATALOG iceberg_hadoop_ha PROPERTIES (
'type'='iceberg',
'iceberg.catalog.type' = 'hadoop',
'warehouse' = 'hdfs://your-nameservice/dir/key',
'dfs.nameservices'='your-nameservice',
'dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice'='nn1,nn2',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn1'='172.21.0.2:4007',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn2'='172.21.0.3:4007',
'dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice'='org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider'
);
Hive Metastore
CREATE CATALOG iceberg PROPERTIES (
'type'='iceberg',
'iceberg.catalog.type'='hms',
'hive.metastore.uris' = 'thrift://172.21.0.1:7004',
'hadoop.username' = 'hive',
'dfs.nameservices'='your-nameservice',
'dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice'='nn1,nn2',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn1'='172.21.0.2:4007',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn2'='172.21.0.3:4007',
'dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice'='org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider'
);
REST Catalog
该方式需要预先提供REST服务,您需实现获取Iceberg元数据的REST接口。
CREATE CATALOG iceberg PROPERTIES (
'type'='iceberg',
'iceberg.catalog.type'='rest',
'uri' = 'http://172.21.0.1:8181'
);
如果使用HDFS存储数据,并开启了高可用模式,还需在Catalog中增加HDFS高可用配置:
CREATE CATALOG iceberg PROPERTIES (
'type'='iceberg',
'iceberg.catalog.type'='rest',
'uri' = 'http://172.21.0.1:8181',
'dfs.nameservices'='your-nameservice',
'dfs.ha.namenodes.your-nameservice'='nn1,nn2',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn1'='172.21.0.1:8020',
'dfs.namenode.rpc-address.your-nameservice.nn2'='172.21.0.2:8020',
'dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.your-nameservice'='org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider'
);
Iceberg On Object Storage
若数据存放在对象存储中,以OSS为例,需要在properties中配置以下参数:
"oss.access_key" = "ak"
"oss.secret_key" = "sk"
"oss.endpoint" = "oss-cn-beijing-internal.aliyuncs.com"
"oss.region" = "oss-cn-beijing"
类型映射
和Hive Catalog一致,请参见Hive数据源的列类型映射。
Time Travel
在Iceberg中,每次对表的写操作都会产生一个新的快照(Snapshot)。
默认情况下,SelectDB的读请求只会读取Iceberg最新版本的快照,您可以使用FOR time AS OF
和FOR version AS OF
语句,根据快照ID或者快照产生的时间读取历史版本的数据。示例如下:
-- 查询指定时间的数据。
SELECT * FROM iceberg_tbl FOR TIME AS OF "2022-10-07 17:20:37";
-- 查询指定快照ID。
SELECT * FROM iceberg_tbl FOR VERSION AS OF 868895038****72;
另外,您可以使用iceberg_meta表函数查询指定表的快照信息。
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