云助手命令可以在多台ECS实例中批量执行Shell、Bat或者PowerShell脚本。相对于通过SSH或者RDP远程登录ECS实例进行运维操作，您可以使用云助手免登录直接为ECS实例进行运维操作。本文介绍在Python开发环境中使用云助手运维管理ECS实例。

前提条件

  • 目标ECS实例已安装云助手客户端。具体步骤，请参见云助手客户端。
  • 已更新Python开发环境的SDK依赖aliyun-python-sdk-ecs至2.1.2或以上版本。更多详情，请前往GitHub Repo Alibaba Cloud获取最新版本。

操作步骤

  1. 根据ECS实例的配置，以及您需要执行的操作，编写Shell、Bat或者PowerShell命令。
  2. 查询满足条件的ECS实例。
    ECS实例状态必须为运行中（Running）。查询实例的Python SDK示例请参见查询ECS实例。
  3. 获取账号的AccessKey，以及查询地域ID。
    具体步骤，请参见地域和可用区和创建AccessKey。
  4. 为一台或多台ECS实例执行云助手命令。
    示例代码如下： 
    # coding=utf-8
# If the Python sdk is not installed, run 'sudo pip install aliyun-python-sdk-ecs'.
# Make sure you're using the latest sdk version.
# Run 'sudo pip install --upgrade aliyun-python-sdk-ecs' to upgrade.

from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient
from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ClientException
from aliyunsdkcore.acs_exception.exceptions import ServerException
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.RunCommandRequest import RunCommandRequest
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DescribeInvocationResultsRequest import DescribeInvocationResultsRequest
import json
import sys
import base64
import time
import logging

# Configure the log output formatter
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                    format="%(asctime)s %(name)s [%(levelname)s]: %(message)s",
                    datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M')

logger = logging.getLogger()

access_key = '<yourAccessKey ID>'             # 设置您的AccessKey ID
access_key_secret = '<yourAccessKey Secret>'  # 设置您的AccessKey Secret
region_id = '<yourRegionId>'                  # 实例所属地域ID




client = AcsClient(access_key, access_key_secret, region_id)

def base64_decode(content, code='utf-8'):
    if sys.version_info.major == 2:
        return base64.b64decode(content)
    else:
        return base64.b64decode(content).decode(code)


def get_invoke_result(invoke_id):
    request = DescribeInvocationResultsRequest()
    request.set_accept_format('json')

    request.set_InvokeId(invoke_id)
    response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
    response_detail = json.loads(response)["Invocation"]["InvocationResults"]["InvocationResult"][0]
    status = response_detail.get("InvocationStatus","")
    output = base64_decode(response_detail.get("Output",""))
    return status,output


def run_command(cmdtype,cmdcontent,instance_id,timeout=60):
    """
    cmdtype: 命令类型： RunBatScript;RunPowerShellScript;RunShellScript
    cmdcontent: 命令内容
    instance_id： 实例ID
    """
    try:
        request = RunCommandRequest()
        request.set_accept_format('json')

        request.set_Type(cmdtype)
        request.set_CommandContent(cmdcontent)
        request.set_InstanceIds([instance_id])
        # 执行命令的超时时间，单位s,默认是60s,请根据执行的实际命令来设置
        request.set_Timeout(timeout)
        response = client.do_action_with_exception(request)
        invoke_id = json.loads(response).get("InvokeId")
        return invoke_id
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error("run command failed")



def wait_invoke_finished_get_out(invoke_id,wait_count,wait_interval):
    for i in range(wait_count):
        status,output = get_invoke_result(invoke_id)
        if status not in ["Running","Pending","Stopping"]:
            return status,output
        time.sleep(wait_interval)

    logger.error("after wait %d times, still can not wait invoke-id %s finished")
    return "",""



def run_task():
    # 设置云助手命令的命令类型
    cmdtype = "RunShellScript"
    # 设置云助手命令的命令内容
    cmdcontent = """
    #!/bin/bash
    yum check-update
    """
    # 设置超时时间
    timeout = 60
    # 设置您的实例ID
    ins_id = "i-wz9bsqk9pa0d2oge****" 
    # 执行命令
    invoke_id = run_command(cmdtype,cmdcontent,ins_id,timeout)
    logger.info("run command,invoke-id:%s" % invoke_id)

    # 等待命令执行完成,循环查询10次，每次间隔5秒，查询次数和间隔请根据实际情况配置
    status,output = wait_invoke_finished_get_out(invoke_id,10,5)
    if status:
        logger.info("invoke-id execute finished,status: %s,output:%s" %(status,output))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run_task()