General Search - Multi-stage Streaming API V3-阿里云帮助中心

This topic describes how to call the General Search multi-stage streaming API V3 using the Alibaba Cloud OpenAPI SDK and explains the API parameters. This version is an upgrade from AISearchV2 that adds the `industry` and `page` parameters. The response is also optimized to return only two events.

Important

If you are upgrading from AISearchV2 to AISearchV3, use the following SDK sample code. The internal API Endpoint and action have changed.

API description

The API provides streaming results from two stages: common_search and post_retrieval. You can use the results from these stages as needed.

Common search results (common_search): These are the original search results. They include key fields such as web page titles, dynamic summaries, main text, source websites, and publication times.
Post-retrieval processing (post_retrieval): This stage uses a reranking model to reorder and filter the results from the common_search stage. This process improves the mean Average Precision (mAP) for context relevancy by approximately 5% and increases latency by approximately 110 ms.

API calls

Request struct

Parameter	Type	Nullable	Description	Constraints
`query`	String	The value cannot be empty.	The search query.	Length: >=1 and <=100
`timeRange`	String	Nullable	The time range for the query.	Optional values: OneDay: Within 1 day OneWeek: Within 1 week OneMonth: Within 1 month OneYear: Within 1 year NoLimit: No limit (default)
`industry`	String	Optional	Industry-specific search. If specified, only results from sites in the specified industries are returned. Separate multiple industries with commas.	Supported values: Finance: finance law: Law medical: Medical internet: Internet (curated) tax: Tax news_province: Provincial news news_center: Central news
`page`	int32	Nullable	The page number. Default value: 1.

Note

By default, 10 web pages are returned. This number cannot be changed.

Install the SDK

Java SDK

Prerequisites

Java 8 or later is installed.

Maven dependency

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
    <artifactId>alibabacloud-iqs20241111</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.6</version>
</dependency>

Sample code

package com.aliyun.iqs.example;

import com.aliyun.auth.credentials.Credential;
import com.aliyun.auth.credentials.provider.StaticCredentialProvider;
import com.aliyun.core.http.HttpClient;
import com.aliyun.httpcomponent.httpclient.ApacheAsyncHttpClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.sdk.gateway.pop.Configuration;
import com.aliyun.sdk.gateway.pop.auth.SignatureVersion;
import com.aliyun.sdk.gateway.pop.exception.PopClientException;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.iqs20241111.AsyncClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.iqs20241111.models.AiSearchRequest;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.iqs20241111.models.AiSearchResponseBody;
import darabonba.core.ResponseIterable;
import darabonba.core.ResponseIterator;
import darabonba.core.client.ClientOverrideConfiguration;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.UUID;

public class AiSearchMain {
    /**
     * Asynchronous client, which can be reused.
     */
    private static AsyncClient asyncClient;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            asyncClient = getAsyncClient();
            callAiSearchSSE("Hangzhou food", "NoLimit", UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        } catch (PopClientException e) {
            System.err.println(
                "An error occurred wile call ai search, httpCode:" + e.getStatusCode() + ", code:" + e.getErrCode()
                    + ", message:" + e.getErrMessage());
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void callAiSearchSSE(String query, String timeRange, String sessionId) {
        AiSearchRequest request = AiSearchRequest.builder()
            .query(query)
            .timeRange(timeRange)
            .sessionId(sessionId)
            //.industry("finance")
            .build();
        ResponseIterable<AiSearchResponseBody> responseBodies = asyncClient.aiSearchWithResponseIterable(request);
        ResponseIterator<AiSearchResponseBody> bodyIterator = responseBodies.iterator();

        while (bodyIterator.hasNext()) {
            AiSearchResponseBody event = bodyIterator.next();
            System.out.println(String.format("RequestId:%s, Event:%s, Cost:%d, Payload:%s", event.getRequestId(),
                event.getHeader().getEvent(), event.getHeader().getResponseTime(), event.getPayload()));
        }
    }

    private static StaticCredentialProvider getCredentialProvider() {
        StaticCredentialProvider credentialProvider = StaticCredentialProvider.create(
            Credential.builder()
                // TODO: Replace with your AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret. We recommend loading them from environment variables.
                .accessKeyId(System.getenv("ACCESS_KEY"))
                .accessKeySecret(System.getenv("ACCESS_SECRET"))
                .build()
        );
        return credentialProvider;
    }

    private static AsyncClient getAsyncClient() {
        // Build the HTTP client. You can increase the timeout period and the number of connections for Server-Sent Events (SSE) requests.
        HttpClient httpClient = new ApacheAsyncHttpClientBuilder()
            .connectionTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(60))
            .responseTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(60))
            .maxConnections(256)
            .maxConnectionsPerRoute(256)
            // If needed, you can configure proxy settings.
            //.proxy()
            .maxIdleTimeOut(Duration.ofSeconds(60))
            .build();

        StaticCredentialProvider credentialProvider = getCredentialProvider();
        AsyncClient client = AsyncClient.builder()
            .region("cn-zhangjiakou")
            .httpClient(httpClient)
            .credentialsProvider(credentialProvider)
            .serviceConfiguration(Configuration.create().setSignatureVersion(SignatureVersion.V3))
            .overrideConfiguration(ClientOverrideConfiguration.create().setProtocol("HTTPS")
                .setEndpointOverride("iqs.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com"))
            .build();

        return client;
    }
}

Python SDK

Prerequisites

Make sure that Python 3.8 or later is installed. On Windows, use Python 3.11.0 or later to avoid the asyncio.run() crash issue (see details).

Install the SDK

pip install alibabacloud-tea-openapi-sse

Sample code

import asyncio
import json
import os
import ssl
import uuid
from typing import Optional

import aiohttp
import certifi
from Tea.exceptions import TeaException
from alibabacloud_tea_openapi_sse import models as open_api_models
from alibabacloud_tea_openapi_sse.client import Client as OpenApiClient
from alibabacloud_tea_util_sse import models as util_models


class AiSearch:
    def __init__(self, session: aiohttp.ClientSession,
                 access_key_id: Optional[str] = None,
                 access_key_secret: Optional[str] = None):
        self.endpoint = "iqs.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com"
        self._api_info = self._create_api_info()
        self._runtime = util_models.RuntimeOptions(
            read_timeout=60 * 1000,
            connect_timeout=60 * 1000
        )
        self.session = session

        # TODO: Replace with your AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret. We recommend loading them from environment variables.
        self.access_key_id = access_key_id if access_key_id is not None else os.environ.get('ACCESS_KEY')
        self.access_key_secret = access_key_secret if access_key_secret is not None else os.environ.get('ACCESS_SECRET')
        assert self.access_key_id is not None and self.access_key_secret is not None
        self._init_app()

    def _init_app(self):
        config = open_api_models.Config(
            access_key_id=self.access_key_id,
            access_key_secret=self.access_key_secret,
            session=self.session,
            endpoint=self.endpoint,
        )
        self._client = OpenApiClient(config)

    def _create_api_info(self) -> open_api_models.Params:
        """
        API-related information
        """
        params = open_api_models.Params(
            action='AiSearch',
            version='2024-11-11',
            protocol='HTTPS',
            method='GET',
            auth_type='AK',
            style='ROA',
            pathname='/linked-retrieval/linked-retrieval-entry/v3/linkedRetrieval/commands/aiSearch',
            req_body_type='formData',
            body_type='sse'
        )
        return params

    async def do_sse_query(self, search_query: str,
                           session_id: Optional[str] = None,
                           time_range: Optional[str] = None):
        """
        Initiate an SSE request
        """
        assert self._client is not None
        request = open_api_models.OpenApiRequest(
            query={
                "query": search_query,
                "sessionId": session_id,
                "timeRange": time_range
            }
        )
        sse_receiver = self._client.call_sse_api_async(params=self._api_info, request=request, runtime=self._runtime)
        return sse_receiver


async def call_ai_search_sse(ai_search: AiSearch,
                                query: str,
                                session_id: Optional[str] = None,
                                time_range: Optional[str] = None):
    try:
        print(f"\nQuery:{query}")
        async for res in await ai_search.do_sse_query(query, session_id, time_range):
            event = json.loads(res.get("event").data)
            request_id = event.get("requestId")
            header = event.get("header")
            payload = event.get("payload")
            event_name = header.get("event")
            server_cost = header.get("responseTime")
            if event_name == "on_common_search_end":
                print(f"[on_common_search_end] requestId:{request_id}, cost:{server_cost}, payload:{payload}")
            elif event_name == "on_post_retrieval_end":
                print(f"[on_post_retrieval_end] requestId:{request_id}, cost:{server_cost}, payload:{payload}")
            elif event_name == "on_error_event":
                print(f"[on_error_event] requestId:{request_id}, serverCost:{server_cost}, payload:{payload}")
    except TeaException as e:
        code = e.code
        request_id = e.data.get("RequestId")
        message = e.data.get("Message")
        print(f"call AISearchV2 failed, requestId:{request_id}, code:{code}, message:{message}, {e}")


async def call_ai_search_reused_session():
    session_id = str(uuid.uuid4())

    # Create a shared ClientSession
    ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)
    ssl_context.load_verify_locations(certifi.where())
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession(
            connector=aiohttp.TCPConnector(
                limit=256,
                limit_per_host=256,
                keepalive_timeout=600,
                ssl=ssl_context
            )
    ) as session:
        ai_search = AiSearch(session=session)
        # success query
        await call_ai_search_sse(ai_search=ai_search, query="Black Myth: Wukong", session_id=session_id, time_range="OneYear")

        await call_ai_search_sse(ai_search=ai_search, query="How to make braised pork", session_id=session_id, time_range="NoLimit")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(call_ai_search_reused_session())

Go SDK

require (
  github.com/alibabacloud-go/tea-utils/v2 v2.0.7
)

Sample code

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"os"

	openapi "github.com/alibabacloud-go/darabonba-openapi/v2/client"
	openapiutil "github.com/alibabacloud-go/openapi-util/service"
	util "github.com/alibabacloud-go/tea-utils/v2/service"
	"github.com/alibabacloud-go/tea/tea"
)

const (
	endpoint           = "iqs.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com"
	pathName           = "/linked-retrieval/linked-retrieval-entry/v3/linkedRetrieval/commands/aiSearch"
	timeoutMillSeconds = 5000
)

// EventData defines the main struct.
type EventData struct {
	Payload   string `json:"payload"`
	RequestID string `json:"requestId"`
	Header    Header `json:"header"`
}

// Header defines the Header struct.
type Header struct {
	EventID      string `json:"eventId"`
	ResponseTime int    `json:"responseTime"`
	Event        string `json:"event"`
}

func main() {
	if err := invokeQuery("Hangzhou food"); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Query failed: %v", err)
	}
}

func invokeQuery(query string) error {
	timeRange := "NoLimit"
	sessionId := "testSessionId"
	fmt.Printf("\n\n\n\n************ %s\n", query)

	events, err := doSseQuery(query, &sessionId, &timeRange)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("query from linked_retrieval failed: %w", err)
	}

	for event := range events {
		var eventData EventData
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(*event.Data), &eventData); err != nil {
			log.Printf("Failed to unmarshal event data: %v", err)
			continue
		}

		switch eventData.Header.Event {
		case "on_common_search_end", "on_post_retrieval_end":
			fmt.Printf("[%s] %s serverRt:%d, payload:%s\n\n",
				eventData.RequestID, eventData.Header.Event, eventData.Header.ResponseTime, eventData.Payload)
		case "on_error_event":
			fmt.Printf("[%s] %s errorPayload:%s\n\n",
				eventData.RequestID, eventData.Header.Event, eventData.Payload)
		default:
			log.Printf("Unknown event type: %s", eventData.Header.Event)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func createApiInfo() *openapi.Params {
	return &openapi.Params{
		Action:      tea.String("AiSearch"),
		Version:     tea.String("2024-11-11"),
		Protocol:    tea.String("HTTPS"),
		Method:      tea.String("GET"),
		AuthType:    tea.String("AK"),
		Style:       tea.String("ROA"),
		Pathname:    tea.String(pathName),
		ReqBodyType: tea.String("json"),
		BodyType:    tea.String("binary"),
	}
}

func doSseQuery(query string, sessionId, timeRange *string) (<-chan util.SSEEvent, error) {
	accessKeyID := os.Getenv("ACCESS_KEY")
	accessKeySecret := os.Getenv("ACCESS_SECRET")
	if accessKeyID == "" || accessKeySecret == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ACCESS_KEY or ACCESS_SECRET environment variable is not set")
	}

	config := &openapi.Config{
		AccessKeyId:     tea.String(accessKeyID),
		AccessKeySecret: tea.String(accessKeySecret),
		Endpoint:        tea.String(endpoint),
		ReadTimeout:     tea.Int(timeoutMillSeconds),
	}

	client, err := openapi.NewClient(config)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	params := createApiInfo()
	// query params
	queries := map[string]interface{}{
		"query":     tea.String(query),
		"sessionId": tea.StringValue(sessionId),
		"timeRange": tea.StringValue(timeRange),
	}

	// runtime options
	runtime := &util.RuntimeOptions{}
	request := &openapi.OpenApiRequest{
		Query: openapiutil.Query(queries),
	}
	resp, err := client.CallApi(params, request, runtime)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Iteratively read the SSE content.
	events, sseErrors := util.ReadAsSSE(resp["body"].(io.ReadCloser))

	select {
	case sseError := <-sseErrors:
		err = sseError
	default:
		err = nil
	}
	return events, err
}

Returned struct

General message format

Field				Nullable	Type	Description	Example
requestId				This field is required.	string	The request ID. Use this ID for troubleshooting.	FC41894C-C8B0-5A2C-8D47-2B9D44C2340F
header	eventId			A value is required.	string	The ID of this event.	988021f0-951a-43d0-ba4d-785359e7e7be
	event			This field is required.	string	The event name: on_common_search_end: The original search results. on_post_retrieval_end: The reranked results.	on_common_search_end
	responseTime			This field is required.	int64	The latency in milliseconds (ms). This is the server-side latency from the start of the request to the current event stage.	1293
	queryContext	originalQuery	query	This field is required.	string	The original request: query.	How are BYD's recent sales?
			timeRange	Nullable	string	The original request: timeRange.	NoLimit
			industry	Optional	string	The original request: industry.
			page	Nullable	string	The original request: page.	1
		rewrite	enabled	This field cannot be empty.	boolean	Indicates whether query rewrite is enabled for this request. The system automatically enables this feature if the rewrite ratio for your account is greater than 5%.	true
		rewrite	timeRange	You can leave this field empty.	string	The rewritten timeRange. This is returned only if the rewritten value is different from the original timeRange. Important If you specify a value other than NoLimit for timeRange, timeRange rewrite is disabled.	OneMonth
payload				Required	string	The specific content returned. The structure varies by stage. This is a JSON formatted string that must be parsed based on the data structures of the different modules described below.

Payload format

on_common_search

Field			Field type	Nullable	Description	Example
pageItems[]	cardType		string	This value is required.	The card type. The following types are supported: structure_web_info: Standard web page structure. This accounts for over 90% of retrieval results. baike/baike_sc: Encyclopedia news_uchq: UC News wenda_selected: Q&A pair	structure_web_info
	title		string	This field is required.	The website title.	2024 May Day Holiday and Workday Adjustment Schedule (with Holiday Calendar)
	htmlTitle		string	This field is required	Website title and HTML content	<em>2024 May Day</em> Holiday and Workday Adjustment <em>Schedule</em> (with Holiday Calendar) - Bendibao
	link		string	Nullable	The website URL. This can be empty for a very small number of search cards.	http://m.sh.bendibao.com/tour/278811.html
	displayLink		string	This can be left empty.	The readable website URL. This can be empty for a very small number of search cards.	m.sh.bendibao.com
	snippet		string	This field is required.	A dynamic summary of the web page. It contains parts of the content that match the keywords, in plain text format.	2024 May Day holiday schedule: The holiday is from May 1 to May 5, for a total of 5 days, with adjusted workdays. April 28 (Sunday) and May 11 (Saturday) are workdays.
	htmlSnippet		string	A value is required.	A dynamic summary of the web page in HTML format. It contains parts of the content that match the keywords. The maximum length is 250 characters. Note This field can be used as the retrieval context in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) scenarios. For the full text of the website, use the mainText field.	<em>2024 May Day</em> holiday <em>schedule</em>: The holiday is from May 1 to May 5, for a total of 5 days, with adjusted <em>workdays</em>. April 28 (Sunday) and May 11 (Saturday) are workdays.
	publishTime		int64	This field is required.	The publication time in milliseconds. For websites that do not have a publication time, the default value is 0.	1714123620000
	mainText		string	Nullable	The main text of the web page. By default, the first 500 characters of the main text are returned. To get a longer text (up to the first 3,000 characters), contact your Alibaba Cloud account manager. Important Parsing of the main text is currently supported for frequently retrieved results such as structure_web_info and news_uchq.	Introduction\t\t \t\t2024\tMay Day\tLabor\tDay\tHoliday\tSchedule\t:\tMay\t1\tto\t5\tHoliday\tAdjustment\t,\tTotal\t5\tDays\t.\tApril\t28\t(\tSunday\t)\t,\tMay\t11\t(\tSaturday\t)\tWork\t.\t\t\n\t\t2024\tMay Day\tLabor\tDay\tHoliday\tSchedule\t\t\n\t\tMay\t1\tto\t5\tHoliday\tAdjustment\t,\tTotal\t5\tDays\t.\tApril\t28\t(\tSunday\t)\t,\tMay\t11\t(\tSaturday\t)\tWork\t.\t\t\n\t\tDay\tOne
	markdownText		string	Optional	The web page content in Markdown format.	# 2024 May Day Holiday Schedule: May 1-5 Holiday, April 28 and May 11 are Workdays_Tencent News\\n\\nurl: https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240412A03BQ900\\n\\narticle_title: 2024 May Day Holiday Schedule: May 1-5 Holiday, April 28 and May 11 are Workdays\\n\\ntime: \\n\\n---\\nAccording to the notice from the General Office of the State Council, the 2024 Labor Day holiday schedule is as follows: The holiday is from May 1 (Wednesday) to May 5 (Sunday), for a total of 5 days, with adjusted workdays. April 28 (Sunday) and May 11 (Saturday) are workdays. \\n\\n![Image](https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/OysnGu6kzeeO49TjK4XXd6ptAX3A07jOExNB-gvmJSekMAA/641) \\n\\n![Image](https://inews.gtimg.com/om_bt/Ox2li6FDj5pU1RRbVfFgmTX5LLJ7jg_XjAwtp-9BcCh1YAA/641) \\n\\nWhat other holidays are there in 2024? \\n\\nDragon Boat Festival \\n\\nJune 10 is a holiday \\n\\nConnected with the weekend \\n\\nTotal 3 days \\n\\n![Image]...
	images[]	imageLink	string	Nullable	The image URL.	https://imgbdb4.bendibao.com/shbdb/news/202310/26/20231026112304_25716.jpg
		width	int32	Optional	The width in pixels.	864
		height	int32	Nullable	The height in pixels.	1704
	pageMap	htmlSnippetTruncate	string	Nullable	Indicates whether the dynamic web page summary is truncated. It is truncated if it exceeds the maximum length. 0: Not truncated 1: Truncated	0
	pageMap	mainTextTruncate	string	Nullable	Indicates whether the main text of the web page is truncated. It is truncated if it exceeds the maximum length. 0: Not truncated 1: Truncated 2: Main text is not available (for example, if mainText is empty).	1
	hostname		string	Optional	The site name.	Xinhuanet
	hostLogo		string	This field is optional.	The site logo.	https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTY1MjU2NjAwLzJhL2YwL2I0LzJhZjBiNDQxMGI5YmVlMDVjOGVlNGJmODk3MTNkNTFjLnBuZw==&sign=yx:CUlNNQVJQjFrk3Kxt2F3KWhTOFU=&tv=400_400
	siteLabel		string	Optional	The site label. The following labels are currently supported: Authoritative Media Party and Government Agencies Note This field helps determine the authoritativeness of a source. It identifies government-recognized media, which results in a lower recall rate.	Authoritative Media
searchInformation	total		int64	This field is required.	The total number of entries.	8230595
searchInformation	searchTime		int32	This field is required.	The search duration.	1441
sceneItems[] Optional	type		string	This field cannot be empty.	The type. For supported types, see Overview of SceneItem for scenario-based calls.	time
sceneItems[] Optional	detail		string	The value cannot be empty.	The details. For the struct, see Overview of SceneItem for scenario-based calls.	{ "title": "Tokyo Time", "targetTimeZone": "Asia/Tokyo", "targetTimeMillisecond": "1733999009797", "targetTime": "2024-12-12 18:23:29", "beijingTimeZone": "PRC", "beijingTimeMillisecond": "1733995409797" }

on_post_retrieval
The results for post_retrieval are obtained by reranking the pageItem results from common_search.

Field			Type	Nullable	Description	Example
page_content			string	A value is required.	The summary content of the retrieved web page. Note This is currently equivalent to the html_snippet field.	The holiday is from May 1 to May 5, for a total of 5 days, with adjusted workdays.
metadata	publish_time		int64	This field is required.	The publication time in milliseconds.	1714123620000
	display_link		string	This field is required.	The readable website URL.	m.sh.bendibao.com
	html_title		string	This field is required.	Website title and HTML content	<em>2024 May Day</em> Holiday and Workday Adjustment <em>Schedule</em> (with Holiday Calendar) - Bendibao
	card_type		string	This field is required.	The card type.	structure_web_info
	title		string	This field is required.	The website title.	2024 May Day Holiday and Workday Adjustment Schedule (with Holiday Calendar)
	main_text		string	Nullable	A snippet of the website's content.	Introduction\t\t \t\t2024\tMay Day\tLabor\tDay\tHoliday\tSchedule\t:\tMay\t1\tto\t5\tHoliday\tAdjustment\t,\tTotal\t5\tDays\t.\tApril\t28\t(\tSunday\t)\t,\tMay\t11\t(\tSaturday\t)\tWork\t.\t\t\n\t\t2024\tMay Day\tLabor\tDay\tHoliday\tSchedule\t\t\n\t\tMay\t1\tto\t5\tHoliday\tAdjustment\t,\tTotal\t5\tDays\t.\tApril\t28\t(\tSunday\t)\t,\tMay\t11\t(\tSaturday\t)\tWork\t.\t\t\n\t\tDay\tOne
	snippet		string	This field is required.	A dynamic summary of the web page. It contains parts of the content that match the keywords, in plain text format.	2024 May Day holiday schedule: The holiday is from May 1 to May 5, for a total of 5 days, with adjusted workdays. April 28 (Sunday) and May 11 (Saturday) are workdays.
	html_snippet		string	A value is required.	A dynamic summary of the web page in HTML format. It contains parts of the content that match the keywords. The maximum length is 250 characters.	<em>2024 May Day</em> holiday <em>schedule</em>: The holiday is from May 1 to May 5, for a total of 5 days, with adjusted <em>workdays</em>. April 28 (Sunday) and May 11 (Saturday) are workdays.
	link		string	A value is required.	The website URL.	http://m.sh.bendibao.com/tour/278811.html
	images[]	imageLink	string	Optional	The image URL.	https://imgbdb4.bendibao.com/shbdb/news/202310/26/20231026112304_25716.jpg
		width	int32	This is optional.	The width in pixels.	864
		height	int32	Nullable	The height in pixels.	1704
	score		double	This field is required.	The reranking score.	0.4708722229429168
	page_map	htmlSnippetTruncate	string	This can be left empty.	Indicates whether the dynamic web page summary is truncated. It is truncated if it exceeds the maximum length. 0: Not truncated 1: Truncated	0
		mainTextTruncate	string	Optional	Indicates whether the main text of the web page is truncated. It is truncated if it exceeds the maximum length. 0: Not truncated 1: Truncated	1
		originPosition	string	Nullable	The original sort position in on_common_search.	0
	position		int32	A value is required.	The current sort position.	1
	hostname		string	Nullable	The site name.	Xinhuanet
	host_logo		string	Nullable	The site logo.	https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTY1MjU2NjAwLzJhL2YwL2I0LzJhZjBiNDQxMGI5YmVlMDVjOGVlNGJmODk3MTNkNTFjLnBuZw==&sign=yx:CUlNNQVJQjFrk3Kxt2F3KWhTOFU=&tv=400_400
	site_label		string	Optional.	The site label. The following labels are currently supported: Authoritative Media Party and Government Agencies Note This field helps determine the authoritativeness of a source. It identifies government-recognized media, which results in a lower recall rate.	Authoritative Media

Response example

{"header":{"event":"on_common_search_end","eventId":"79e29142-2d21-4216-83cb-f26cd9be3b30","queryContext":{"originalQuery":{"industry":"","page":1,"query":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","timeRange":"NoLimit"},"rewrite":{"enabled":true}},"responseTime":866},"payload":"{\"requestId\":\"33AA4040-1591-5EDA-B4E6-7369252BF7FC\",\"pageItems\":[{\"cardType\":\"baike_sc\",\"title\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein, one of the founders of analytic philosophy\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein, one of the founders of analytic philosophy\",\"link\":\"https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6/3209559\",\"displayLink\":\"baike.baidu.com\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 – April 29, 1951) was a philosopher born in Vienna, Austria, who died in Cambridgeshire, England, at the age of 62. He was a member of the famous Wittgenstein family. His father, Karl Wittgenstein, was a prominent Austrian steel industrialist. His mother, Leopoldine Kalmus Wittgenstein, was the first cousin once removed of the maternal grandfather of the famous writer and economist Hayek, and also the daughter of a banker. Wittgenstein is one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His research areas mainly included the philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language. He studied under the famous British writer and philosopher Bertrand Russell. From 1939 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at Cambridge University. He published few works during his lifetime, including one book review, one children's dictionary, and the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921).\",\"publishTime\":0,\"mainText\":\"\",\"markdownText\":\"\",\"images\":[{\"imageLink\":\"http://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?at=smstruct&kt=url&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ia2ltZy5jZG4uYmNlYm9zLmNvbS9waWMvNjIyNzYyZDBmNzAzOTE4ZjA5M2U3MzZkNWIzZDI2OTc1OGVlYzRhZT94LWJjZS1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxtX2xmaXQsd181MzYsbGltaXRfMS9mb3JtYXQsZl9qcGc=&sign=yx:s7vbqubTEZw3NJwzugMSvD9XR08=&tv=0_0&p=\",\"width\":0,\"height\":0}],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"originPosition\":\"0\"},\"hostname\":\"\",\"hostLogo\":\"\",\"siteLabel\":\"\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\",\"htmlTitle\":\"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius - The Paper\",\"link\":\"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24303040\",\"displayLink\":\"m.thepaper.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image] In the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein...\",\"publishTime\":1692519180000,\"mainText\":\"About the author:\\nJiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image]\\nIn the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. At the invitation of the editor, based on the Biography of Wittgenstein I wrote 25 years ago (Biography of Wittgenstein (revised edition), Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2018), I will use five short articles to briefly introduce Wittgenstein's legendary life and profound thoughts, adding some of my...\",\"markdownText\":\"# [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius_The Paper·Government Affairs_The Paper\\n\\nurl: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24303040\\n\\narticle_title: [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\\n\\ntime: 2023-08-20 16:13\\n\\n---\\n\\nAbout the author:\\n\\nJiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\n\\n![](https://imagepphcloud.thepaper.cn/pph/image/266/555/290.jpg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889\\\\-1951) [Image]\\n...\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"1\"},\"hostname\":\"The Paper\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Ten Classic, Sharp, and Insightful Quotes from Wittgenstein!\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Ten Classic, Sharp, and Insightful Quotes from Wittgenstein!-Baijiahao\",\"link\":\"https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1785610715716458528\",\"displayLink\":\"baijiahao.baidu.com\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. He...\",\"publishTime\":1702891078000,\"mainText\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. His father was a European steel magnate, and his mother was a banker's daughter.\\nEnjoy high-definition pictures on the Baidu APP\\nIn his early years, Wittgenstein had a strong interest in mechanical physics and engineering and planned to become an engineer. However, after being exposed to mathematics and the works of his mentor, Bertrand Russell, he decided to pursue philosophy. He went to England and studied philosophy in depth under Russell's guidance, and the two became mutually inspiring teacher and friend.\\nDuring World War I, Wittgenstein enlisted in the army and completed the first draft of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Later, he worked as a teacher and an architect but eventually returned his focus to philosophical research. He proposed his philosophical ideas with a unique perspective and linguistic style, especially in his work Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, where he advocated for creating a pure logical language to describe the world and deeply explored the relationship between language and thought, and language and the world.\\nHowever, he later rejected his early views and turned to studying the use and meaning of ordinary language. He emphasized the role of language in its use, stressed that language follows rules, and believed that language is not just a tool for describing things but also a tool for people's daily actions. His insights into ordinary language...\",\"markdownText\":\"# Ten Classic, Sharp, and Insightful Quotes from Wittgenstein!\\n\\nurl: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1785610715716458528\\n\\narticle_title: \\n\\ntime: 2023-12-18 17:17\\n\\n---\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. His father was a European steel magnate, and his mother was a banker's daughter.\\n\\n![](https://pics1.baidu.com/feed/dc54564e9258d1092cde5d5fd3ae8fb26d814d25@f_auto?token=efb724d8deafad78d1bb56d1ea4e911b&f=jpeg)  \\n\\nEnjoy high-definition pictures on the Baidu APP    \\n\\nIn his early years, Wittgenstein had a strong interest in mechanical physics and engineering and planned to become an engineer. However, after being exposed to mathematics and the works of his mentor, Bertrand Russell, he decided to pursue philosophy. He went to England and studied philosophy in depth under Russell's guidance...\",\"images\":[{\"imageLink\":\"https://pics1.baidu.com/feed/dc54564e9258d1092cde5d5fd3ae8fb26d814d25@f_auto?token=efb724d8deafad78d1bb56d1ea4e911b&f=jpeg\",\"width\":613,\"height\":749}],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"2\"},\"hostname\":\"Baijiahao\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTY4MDg2OTQ1L2ZmLzI4L2QyL2ZmMjhkMmRlMjcxODIxOGNjZDE0YTI4ZDVkN2ZkZmE3LnBuZw==&sign=yx:1BNGL1hDklXfMpORbNzpnbj36JM=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"-The Paper\",\"link\":\"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_23984064\",\"displayLink\":\"m.thepaper.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) 1. A mixture of contradictions. After learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment...\",\"publishTime\":1690448580000,\"mainText\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951)\\n1. A mixture of contradictions\\nAfter learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment and had no desire to continue living. The only thing that frightened him was dying on a cold hospital bed. Therefore, when the final moments were approaching, Dr. Bevan in Cambridge suggested that Wittgenstein could spend his last days at his home, for which Wittgenstein was certainly very grateful.\\nOn the evening of April 27, 1951, Wittgenstein was very ill. Dr. Bevan told him, 'You only have a few days to live.' He replied loudly, 'Good!' Before losing consciousness, he said to Mrs. Bevan, who had been looking after him all night, 'Tell them I have had a wonderful life!' By 'them,' Wittgenstein clearly meant his few close friends. Two days later, Wittgenstein, the greatest philosopher of the twentieth century (perhaps without 'one of'), passed away.\\nAs one of his close friends, the American philosopher Norman Malcolm once commented on the expression 'a wonderful life': 'When I think of his deep pessimism, the degree of his mental and moral suffering, the relentless way he used his intellect, his need for love and the coldness that repelled it, I am inclined to believe that his life was extremely...\",\"markdownText\":\"# Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"_Book Flipping Party_The Paper\\n\\nurl: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_23984064\\n\\narticle_title: Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"\\n\\ntime: 2023-07-27 17:03\\n\\n---\\n![](https://imagecloud.thepaper.cn/thepaper/image/262/982/102.jpeg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889\\\\-1951)\\n\\n**1\\\\. A mixture of contradictions** \\n\\nAfter learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment and had no desire to continue living. The only thing that frightened him was dying on a cold hospital bed. Therefore, when the final moments were approaching, Dr. Bevan in Cambridge suggested that Wittgenstein could spend his last days at his home, for which Wittgenstein was certainly very grateful.\\n\\nOn the evening of April 27, 1951, Wittgenstein was very ill. Dr. Bevan told him, 'You only have a few days to live.' He replied loudly, 'Good!' Before losing consciousness...\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"3\"},\"hostname\":\"The Paper\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters - The Paper\",\"link\":\"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24082082\",\"displayLink\":\"m.thepaper.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein By F. A. Hayek. Between the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna...\",\"publishTime\":1690958520000,\"mainText\":\"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951)\\nIn Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein\\nBy F. A. Hayek\\nBetween the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna.\\nI think it was on the last day of August 1918. Right there, a group of lively, noisy young officers, who had just returned from leave in Sacile, were about to return to the front. Among them, two second lieutenants in the artillery vaguely realized they should know each other.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) is on the right with his clothes tucked in.\\nI'm not sure if it was because I recognized a family facial feature, or because we had actually met before, but we started asking: 'Are you from the Wittgenstein family? (or: Are you from the Hayek family?)' In any case, that's how our journey to Vienna together that night came about. Most of the time we were a bit drowsy from fatigue, but we did talk quite a bit.\\nSome parts of this conversation left a deep impression on me. He was not only very annoyed by the boisterous, seemingly half-drunk officers partying in our compartment, but he also made no secret of his contempt for humanity in general, and took it for granted that any of his relatives, no matter how distant, must share his same principles. He...\",\"markdownText\":\"# Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters_The Paper·Paike_The Paper\\n\\nurl: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24082082\\n\\narticle_title: Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters\\n\\ntime: 2023-08-02 14:42\\n\\n---\\n![](https://imagepphcloud.thepaper.cn/pph/image/263/963/690.jpg)\\n\\nWittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889\\\\-1951)\\n\\nIn Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein\\n\\nBy F. A. Hayek\\n\\nBetween the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna.\\n\\nI think it was on the last day of August 1918. Right there, a group of lively, noisy young officers, who had just returned from leave in Sacile, were about to return to the front. Among them, two second lieutenants in the artillery vaguely realized they should know each other.\\n\\n![](https://imagepphcloud.thepaper....\",\"images\":[{\"imageLink\":\"https://imagepphcloud.thepaper.cn/pph/image/263/963/690.jpg\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":710}],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"4\"},\"hostname\":\"The Paper\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters - The Paper\",\"link\":\"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24082082?commTag=true\",\"displayLink\":\"m.thepaper.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951) In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein By F. A. Hayek. Between the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there...\",\"publishTime\":1690958520000,\"mainText\":\"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951)\\nIn Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein\\nBy F. A. Hayek\\nBetween the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna.\\nI think it was on the last day of August 1918. Right there, a group of lively, noisy young officers, who had just returned from leave in Sacile, were about to return to the front. Among them, two second lieutenants in the artillery vaguely realized they should know each other.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) is on the right with his clothes tucked in.\\nI'm not sure if it was because I recognized a family facial feature, or because we had actually met before, but we started asking: 'Are you from the Wittgenstein family? (or: Are you from the Hayek family?)' In any case, that's how our journey to Vienna together that night came about. Most of the time we were a bit drowsy from fatigue, but we did talk quite a bit.\\nSome parts of this conversation left a deep impression on me. He was not only very annoyed by the boisterous, seemingly half-drunk officers partying in our compartment, but he also made no secret of his contempt for humanity in general, and took it for granted that any of his relatives, no matter how distant, must share his same principles. He...\",\"markdownText\":\"\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"5\"},\"hostname\":\"The Paper\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"[Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World\",\"htmlTitle\":\"[Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World - Chinese Social Sciences Net\",\"link\":\"https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/t20240129_5730976.shtml\",\"displayLink\":\"www.cssn.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. Wittgenstein's legendary life was complex and full of legendary stories that are still talked about today...\",\"publishTime\":1706457600000,\"mainText\":\"Introduction\\nWittgenstein was a 'philosophical genius' of the 20th-century Western world. His legendary life and amazing experiences are always praised along with his original ideas. When we fantasize about this legendary figure, we must not forget the profound influence of his philosophical thoughts. Therefore, we have specially invited Professor Jiang Yi, Director of the International Wittgenstein Research Center at Shanxi University, Deputy Director Professor Chen Changshen, and Secretary-General of the Chinese Wittgenstein Society, Associate Professor Dai Haiqiang, to present a three-dimensional view of Wittgenstein's philosophical thoughts and his profound insights into the essence behind human language activities, combining his legendary life and original ideas.\\n[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius \\nIn the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known.\\nWittgenstein's legendary life was complex and full of legendary stories that are still talked about today. For example, he disliked the academic lifestyle, did not like to argue with people, and preferred to hide in the remote mountains of Norway to escape the hustle and bustle of modern society. He was full of the purest feelings for human intellect, seeking a simple and perfect secular life. His simple daily life made people feel as if...\",\"markdownText\":\"# [Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World - Chinese Social Sciences Net\\n\\nurl: https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/t20240129_5730976.shtml\\n\\narticle_title: [Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World\\n\\ntime: 2024-01-29\\n\\n---\\n\\n![](https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/W020240205565226801852.jpg)  \\n\\n**Introduction** \\n\\n**Wittgenstein was a 'philosophical genius' of the 20th-century Western world. His legendary life and amazing experiences are always praised along with his original ideas. When we fantasize about this legendary figure, we must not forget the profound influence of his philosophical thoughts. Therefore, we have specially invited Professor Jiang Yi, Director of the International Wittgenstein Research Center at Shanxi University, Deputy Director Professor Chen Changshen, and Secretary-General of the Chinese Wittgenstein Society, Associate Professor Dai Haiqiang, to present a three-dimensional view of Wittgenstein's philosophical thoughts and his profound insights into the essence behind human language activities, combining his legendary life and original ideas.**\\n\\n![](https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/W02024020637...\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"6\"},\"hostname\":\"Chinese Social Sciences Net\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg1MjE1MzgyL2FmLzgwLzk1L2FmODA5NWIzMDUwNjgxMjQ0Yzk0ZWQxNWRlNjFhZTU0Lmljbw==&sign=yx:kOy9WXqyRzvTGCWaljJXqwkn-j0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Philosopher Wittgenstein: Only by being true to oneself can one live a wonderful life\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Philosopher Wittgenstein: Only by being true to oneself can one live a wonderful life - Tencent\",\"link\":\"https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20191114A0DGTD00\",\"displayLink\":\"new.qq.com\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951), one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. Wittgenstein was a genius-level philosopher. He read Schopenhauer when he was young, and later Kant, Frege, and Russell. He hardly ever systematically read the history of philosophy, yet he proposed philosophical ideas that influenced the course of human thought. He wrote two important works in his life. The first was the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, completed on the war-torn battlefields of World War I. The 'picture theory of language' was the core idea of his early philosophy. The second was Philosophical Investigations, completed after his return to Cambridge in 1929. The 'language-game theory' is...\",\"publishTime\":1573716180000,\"mainText\":\"Before losing final consciousness, Wittgenstein said: 'Tell them I have had a wonderful life.'\\nWittgenstein was a pure person, with pure seriousness and pure loyalty. He never talked about how a philosopher or scholar should live their life, but rather how a person should live their own life: with a serious attitude and pure loyalty to oneself.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\nLudwig Wittgenstein, 1889—1951\\nOne of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century\\nWittgenstein was a genius-level philosopher. He read Schopenhauer when he was young, and later Kant, Frege, and Russell. He hardly ever systematically read the history of philosophy, yet he proposed philosophical ideas that influenced the course of human thought.\\nHe wrote two important works in his life. The first was the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, completed on the war-torn battlefields of World War I. The 'picture theory of language' was the core idea of his early philosophy. The second was Philosophical Investigations, completed after his return to Cambridge in 1929. The 'language-game theory' was the core idea of his later philosophy.\\n1\\nWhen lying is advantageous\\nWhy tell the truth\\nBorn in Vienna, Austria-Hungary in 1889\\nIn 1889, Wittgenstein was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He was the son of a steel magnate, a typical second-generation rich kid, with a superior living environment and material conditions. His parents had high cultural and artistic attainments, and many top artists and musicians of the time (such as Brahms and Mahler)...\",\"markdownText\":\"\",\"images\":[{\"imageLink\":\"http://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/10760872887_640330/0\",\"width\":640,\"height\":330}],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"1\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"7\"},\"hostname\":\"Tencent\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDI0NTIyL2U2LzZjL2VhL2U2NmNlYTU0YTEwZDEzMzZjODhiNGMwMjkxMTRhOThjLmljbw==&sign=yx:72z_oIinDw9pBPBAn9IuCIeCKNA=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color - The Paper\",\"link\":\"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_20759728\",\"displayLink\":\"m.thepaper.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing...\",\"publishTime\":1668678300000,\"mainText\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\nColor is an everyday phenomenon. As long as one is not blind or colorblind, everyone can see colors. Color perception is a basic human perception. Color/colors are always around us, forming the basic elements of our life-world/surrounding world. It can be said that we are already too familiar with color, so much so that unless there is a strange and intense color stimulus, we are often insensitive and oblivious to color, and we would not discuss color as a philosophical topic. Therefore, while many philosophers in history have touched upon color, few have written a dedicated treatise on it.\\nIn the modern European knowledge system, there are probably only two major figures who have discussed color in depth: one is the physicist Newton, and the other is the poet Goethe. Their identities have already determined their different approaches to the problem of color. Newton provides us with a physical or scientific view of color, while Goethe adopts a more literary approach to talking about color. Newton's color theory is already modern...\",\"markdownText\":\"# Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color_Book Flipping Party_The Paper\\n\\nurl: http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_20759728\\n\\narticle_title: Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\\n\\ntime: 2022-11-17 17:45\\n\\n---\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889\\\\-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\n\\n![](https://imagecloud.thepaper.cn/thepaper/image/225/563/396.jpg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\n\\nColor is an everyday phenomenon. As long as one is not blind or colorblind, everyone can see colors. Color perception is a basic human perception. Color/colors are always around us...\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"8\"},\"hostname\":\"The Paper\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\",\"htmlTitle\":\"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius - Chinese Social Sciences Net\",\"link\":\"https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202308/t20230817_5679758.shtml\",\"displayLink\":\"www.cssn.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image] In the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein...\",\"publishTime\":1692201600000,\"mainText\":\"About the author: Jiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image]\\nIn the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. At the invitation of the editor, based on the Biography of Wittgenstein I wrote 25 years ago (Biography of Wittgenstein (revised edition), Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2018), I will use five short articles to briefly introduce Wittgenstein's legendary life and profound thoughts, adding some...\",\"markdownText\":\"# [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius - Chinese Social Sciences Net\\n\\nurl: https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202308/t20230817_5679758.shtml\\n\\narticle_title: [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\\n\\ntime: 2023-08-17\\n\\n---\\n\\n**About the author:** Jiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\n\\n![](https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202308/W020230817575052366136.jpg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image]\\n\\nIn the West...\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"9\"},\"hostname\":\"Chinese Social Sciences Net\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg1MjE1MzgyL2FmLzgwLzk1L2FmODA5NWIzMDUwNjgxMjQ0Yzk0ZWQxNWRlNjFhZTU0Lmljbw==&sign=yx:kOy9WXqyRzvTGCWaljJXqwkn-j0=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"structure_web_info\",\"title\":\"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color - China Writer\",\"link\":\"http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2023/0114/c404004-32606499.html\",\"displayLink\":\"www.chinawriter.com.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time...\",\"publishTime\":1673659740000,\"mainText\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\nRemarks on Colour, [Austria] Wittgenstein/author, Sun Zhouxing/translator, The Commercial Press, October 2022 edition\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\n Color is an everyday phenomenon. As long as one is not blind or colorblind, everyone can see colors. Color perception is a basic human perception. Color/colors are always around us, forming the basic elements of our life-world/surrounding world. It can be said that we are already too familiar with color, so much so that unless there is a strange and intense color stimulus, we are often insensitive and oblivious to color, and we would not discuss color as a philosophical topic. Therefore, while many philosophers in history have touched upon color, few have written a dedicated treatise on it.\\n In the modern European knowledge system, there are probably only two major figures who have discussed color in depth: one is the physicist Newton, and the other is the poet Goethe. Their identities have already determined their different approaches to the problem of color. Newton provides us with a physical...\",\"markdownText\":\"# Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color--Art--China Writer\\n\\nurl: http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2023/0114/c404004-32606499.html\\n\\narticle_title: Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\\n\\ntime: January 14, 2023 09:29\\n\\n---\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889\\\\-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\n\\n![](http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/NMediaFile/2023/0114/MAIN202301140928000062790504232.jpg)\\n\\nRemarks on Colour, [Austria] Wittgenstein/author, Sun Zhouxing/translator, The Commercial Press, 2022...\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"htmlSnippetTruncate\":\"0\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"10\"},\"hostname\":\"China Writer\",\"hostLogo\":\"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cDovL3MyLnppbWdzLmNuL2ltcz9hdD1zaXRlX2xvZ28ma3Q9dXJsJmtleT1hSFIwY0hNNkx5OW5hWEJ6TUM1aVlXbGtkUzVqYjIwdmFYUXZkVDAyTlRnek1qZzFORFVzTVRRNE9EYzFOamMwTXlabWJUMHpNRE13Sm1Gd2NEMHpNRE13Sm5OcGVtVTljakVzTVNaeFBURXdNQ1p1UFRBbVp6MHhiaVptUFVwUVJVY21abTEwUFdGMWRHOG1iV0Y0YjNKcGJHVnVNbWhsYVdNOU1qQXdNREF3TUQ5elBUTTFSa1UxUWprMlJESkROVGt6TXpBMU1VSkZNRE5GUXpBek1EQkdNRE5EJnNpZ249eXg6OFY2bmdRdHR2WjRrZnlXazQ4NUNMeS0wTFo0PSZ0dj0wXzAmcD0=&sign=yx:Jf5qkrSnbweCmvTAZspLPD9i8jw=&tv=400_400\",\"siteLabel\":\"Authoritative Media\"},{\"cardType\":\"news_uchq\",\"title\":\"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed\",\"htmlTitle\":\"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed\",\"link\":\"https://mparticle.uc.cn/article.html?biz_id=1034&uc_param_str=frdnsnpfvecpntnwprdssskt#!wm_cid=664725615592604672!!wm_id=65de76f383f14e919a8338675b793185\",\"displayLink\":\"mparticle.uc.cn\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein, born on April 26, 1889, in a wealthy family in Vienna, Austria, was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His ideas profoundly influenced the development of analytic philosophy, and his life was full of drama and philosophical exploration. From his family background to his philosophical contributions, and finally his choice to...\",\"publishTime\":1737007991003,\"mainText\":\"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed, leaving his final words to the world: 'Tell them I have had a happy life.'\\nLudwig Wittgenstein, born on April 26, 1889, in a wealthy family in Vienna, Austria, was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century.\\nHis ideas profoundly influenced the development of analytic philosophy, and his life was full of drama and philosophical exploration.\\nFrom his family background to his philosophical contributions, and finally his choice to dance with his illness, his life was like a philosophical experiment on meaning, happiness, and existence.\\nWittgenstein's father, Karl, was a giant in the Austrian industry, controlling the largest steel company in Europe at the time. His mother, Leopoldine, came from a musical family.\\nThe family environment was both strict and full of artistic atmosphere. Wittgenstein received a good education from a young age, but the high-pressure environment at home also made him sensitive and lonely.\\nWittgenstein had seven siblings, but three of his brothers committed suicide, which left a deep psychological trauma on the family.\\nWittgenstein was also deeply affected. Throughout his life, he was preoccupied with thoughts of death and the meaning of life, which ran through his philosophical works and personal choices.\\nWittgenstein initially studied mechanical engineering, then became interested in mathematical logic. At Cambridge University in the UK, he studied under the famous philosopher Bertrand Russell.\\nRussell quickly discovered Wittgenstein's genius, calling him 'the only student who could ask questions I had never thought of...\",\"markdownText\":\"\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"descText\":\"Qianqianziyin·2 hours ago\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"11\"},\"hostname\":\"\",\"hostLogo\":\"\",\"siteLabel\":\"\"},{\"cardType\":\"news_uchq\",\"title\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language influenced modern philosophy, linguistics_Fortune Account_Eastmoney\",\"htmlTitle\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language influenced modern philosophy, linguistics_Fortune Account_Eastmoney\",\"link\":\"http://caifuhao.eastmoney.com/news/20250107155405388177030\",\"displayLink\":\"caifuhao.eastmoney.com\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language has had a profound impact on modern philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. To understand Wittgenstein's questions about language, one can start from his two main philosophical periods: the early period (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus period)...\",\"publishTime\":1736410391004,\"mainText\":\" $iFlytek(SZ002230)$ \\nLudwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language has had a profound impact on modern philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. To understand Wittgenstein's questions about language, one can start from his two main philosophical periods: the early period (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus period) and the later period (the Philosophical Investigations period). These two periods have significantly different understandings of language, but both revolve around how language relates to the world, thought, and meaning.\\n---\\n### 1. **Early Thought: Language as a Picture of the World**\\nIn the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Wittgenstein proposed the 'Picture Theory of Language,' the core idea of which is:\\n- **Relationship between Language and the World**: Language depicts the facts of the world through propositions. A proposition is a 'logical picture' of the world, and the structure of language corresponds one-to-one with the structure of the world.\\n- **Limits of Meaning**: Only propositions that can be clearly expressed are meaningful. Things that cannot be expressed in language (such as ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics) are 'unspeakable' and can only be treated with silence.\\n- **Logical Form**: Language and the world share a logical form, and the meaning of language lies in its logical structure.\\n**Implications for AI**:\\n- Wittgenstein's early thought emphasized the precision and logic of language, which aligns with early...\",\"markdownText\":\"\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"descText\":\"Eastmoney·1 week ago\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"12\"},\"hostname\":\"\",\"hostLogo\":\"\",\"siteLabel\":\"\"},{\"cardType\":\"news_uchq\",\"title\":\"In 1951, Wittgenstein's last words were, \\\"Tell them I've had a wonderful life\\\"\",\"htmlTitle\":\"In 1951, Wittgenstein's last words were, \\\"Tell them I've had a wonderful life\\\"\",\"link\":\"https://m.163.com/dy/article/JKTMP0CB0553E8RS.html\",\"displayLink\":\"m.163.com\",\"htmlSnippet\":\"In 1951, Wittgenstein's last words were, 'Tell them I've had a wonderful life', Russell, life, philosopher, logic, Hitler, Ludwig Wittgenstein\",\"publishTime\":1736410391004,\"mainText\":\"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed, leaving his final words to the world: 'Tell them I have had a happy life.'\\nFor others, it is a great achievement to do one thing well in a lifetime.\\nBut Wittgenstein lived many lives in one, reaching heights that many could not.\\nWhen Wittgenstein first sought to study under the famous philosopher Bertrand Russell, Russell, who usually did not take students, accepted him without hesitation upon seeing such a talented and capable person.\\nBut soon, Russell was 'driven' to the point of suicide by Wittgenstein, because this student made him feel so awestruck that he felt 'unworthy' to be his teacher.\\nWittgenstein was born in the music capital of Vienna. His wealthy family background allowed him to freely do what he wanted.\\nIn fact, during his childhood, Wittgenstein did not show any extraordinary talent, and his academic performance was not outstanding.\\nBut Wittgenstein always had very ambitious goals, though not just one. He originally wanted to be a physicist, then an engineer, and he made a significant mark in that field.\\nFor most people, once they have a foothold in one field, they will basically stay there and strive for excellence.\\nBut Wittgenstein was different. He wanted to try another track, and then he found something more attractive...\",\"markdownText\":\"\",\"images\":[],\"mime\":\"text/html\",\"pageMap\":{\"descText\":\"NetEase Subscription·1 week ago\",\"mainTextTruncate\":\"1\",\"originPosition\":\"13\"},\"hostname\":\"\",\"hostLogo\":\"\",\"siteLabel\":\"\"}],\"weiboItems\":[],\"sceneItems\":[],\"searchInformation\":{\"total\":5444,\"searchTime\":665}}","requestId":"33AA4040-1591-5EDA-B4E6-7369252BF7FC"}
{"header":{"event":"on_post_retrieval_end","eventId":"d738d0c6-ca47-422e-8e80-d15c39e2a7aa","queryContext":{"originalQuery":{"industry":"","page":1,"query":"Ludwig Wittgenstein","timeRange":"NoLimit"},"rewrite":{"enabled":true}},"responseTime":1041},"payload":"[{\"id\": \"0\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 0, \"display_link\": \"baike.baidu.com\", \"card_type\": \"baike_sc\", \"title\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein, one of the founders of analytic philosophy\", \"main_text\": \"\", \"markdown_text\": \"\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 – April 29, 1951) was a philosopher born in Vienna, Austria, who died in Cambridgeshire, England, at the age of 62. He was a member of the famous Wittgenstein family. His father, Karl Wittgenstein, was a prominent Austrian steel industrialist. His mother, Leopoldine Kalmus Wittgenstein, was the first cousin once removed of the maternal grandfather of the famous writer and economist Hayek, and also the daughter of a banker. Wittgenstein is one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His research areas mainly included the philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language. He studied under the famous British writer and philosopher Bertrand Russell. From 1939 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at Cambridge University. He published few works during his lifetime, including one book review, one children's dictionary, and the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921).\", \"html_title\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein, one of the founders of analytic philosophy\", \"link\": \"https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%89%B9%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6/3209559\", \"images\": [{\"imageLink\": \"http://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?at=smstruct&kt=url&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ia2ltZy5jZG4uYmNlYm9zLmNvbS9waWMvNjIyNzYyZDBmNzAzOTE4ZjA5M2U3MzZkNWIzZDI2OTc1OGVlYzRhZT94LWJjZS1wcm9jZXNzPWltYWdlL3Jlc2l6ZSxtX2xmaXQsd181MzYsbGltaXRfMS9mb3JtYXQsZl9qcGc=&sign=yx:s7vbqubTEZw3NJwzugMSvD9XR08=&tv=0_0&p=\", \"width\": 0, \"height\": 0}], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"originPosition\": \"0\"}, \"hostname\": \"\", \"host_logo\": \"\", \"site_label\": \"\", \"score\": 0.7015656621969257, \"position\": 0}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 – April 29, 1951) was a philosopher born in Vienna, Austria, who died in Cambridgeshire, England, at the age of 62. He was a member of the famous Wittgenstein family. His father, Karl Wittgenstein, was a prominent Austrian steel industrialist. His mother, Leopoldine Kalmus Wittgenstein, was the first cousin once removed of the maternal grandfather of the famous writer and economist Hayek, and also the daughter of a banker. Wittgenstein is one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. His research areas mainly included the philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language. He studied under the famous British writer and philosopher Bertrand Russell. From 1939 to 1947, Wittgenstein taught at Cambridge University. He published few works during his lifetime, including one book review, one children's dictionary, and the 75-page Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921).\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"2\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1702891078000, \"display_link\": \"baijiahao.baidu.com\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Ten Classic, Sharp, and Insightful Quotes from Wittgenstein!\", \"main_text\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. His father was a European steel magnate, and his mother was a banker's daughter.\\nEnjoy high-definition pictures on the Baidu APP\\nIn his early years, Wittgenstein had a strong interest in mechanical physics and engineering and planned to become an engineer. However, after being exposed to mathematics and the works of his mentor, Bertrand Russell, he decided to pursue philosophy. He went to England and studied philosophy in depth under Russell's guidance, and the two became mutually inspiring teacher and friend.\\nDuring World War I, Wittgenstein enlisted in the army and completed the first draft of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Later, he worked as a teacher and an architect but eventually returned his focus to philosophical research. He proposed his philosophical ideas with a unique perspective and linguistic style, especially in his work Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, where he advocated for creating a pure logical language to describe the world and deeply explored the relationship between language and thought, and language and the world.\\nHowever, he later rejected his early views and turned to studying the use and meaning of ordinary language. He emphasized the role of language in its use, stressed that language follows rules, and believed that language is not just a tool for describing things but also a tool for people's daily actions. His insights into ordinary language...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# Ten Classic, Sharp, and Insightful Quotes from Wittgenstein!\\n\\nurl: https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1785610715716458528\\n\\narticle_title: \\n\\ntime: 2023-12-18 17:17\\n\\n---\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. His father was a European steel magnate, and his mother was a banker's daughter.\\n\\n![](https://pics1.baidu.com/feed/dc54564e9258d1092cde5d5fd3ae8fb26d814d25@f_auto?token=efb724d8deafad78d1bb56d1ea4e911b&f=jpeg)  \\n\\nEnjoy high-definition pictures on the Baidu APP    \\n\\nIn his early years, Wittgenstein had a strong interest in mechanical physics and engineering and planned to become an engineer. However, after being exposed to mathematics and the works of his mentor, Bertrand Russell, he decided to pursue philosophy. He went to England and studied philosophy in depth under Russell's guidance...\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. He...\", \"html_title\": \"Ten Classic, Sharp, and Insightful Quotes from Wittgenstein!-Baijiahao\", \"link\": \"https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1785610715716458528\", \"images\": [{\"imageLink\": \"https://pics1.baidu.com/feed/dc54564e9258d1092cde5d5fd3ae8fb26d814d25@f_auto?token=efb724d8deafad78d1bb56d1ea4e911b&f=jpeg\", \"width\": 613, \"height\": 749}], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"2\"}, \"hostname\": \"Baijiahao\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTY4MDg2OTQ1L2ZmLzI4L2QyL2ZmMjhkMmRlMjcxODIxOGNjZDE0YTI4ZDVkN2ZkZmE3LnBuZw==&sign=yx:1BNGL1hDklXfMpORbNzpnbj36JM=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"\", \"score\": 0.6922165219493338, \"position\": 1}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century, regarded as one of the founders of analytic philosophy and a key figure in ordinary language philosophy. He was born in Vienna into a prominent family with immense influence in politics, economics, culture, and philosophy. He...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"11\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1737007991003, \"display_link\": \"mparticle.uc.cn\", \"card_type\": \"news_uchq\", \"title\": \"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed\", \"main_text\": \"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed, leaving his final words to the world: 'Tell them I have had a happy life.'\\nLudwig Wittgenstein, born on April 26, 1889, in a wealthy family in Vienna, Austria, was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century.\\nHis ideas profoundly influenced the development of analytic philosophy, and his life was full of drama and philosophical exploration.\\nFrom his family background to his philosophical contributions, and finally his choice to dance with his illness, his life was like a philosophical experiment on meaning, happiness, and existence.\\nWittgenstein's father, Karl, was a giant in the Austrian industry, controlling the largest steel company in Europe at the time. His mother, Leopoldine, came from a musical family.\\nThe family environment was both strict and full of artistic atmosphere. Wittgenstein received a good education from a young age, but the high-pressure environment at home also made him sensitive and lonely.\\nWittgenstein had seven siblings, but three of his brothers committed suicide, which left a deep psychological trauma on the family.\\nWittgenstein was also deeply affected. Throughout his life, he was preoccupied with thoughts of death and the meaning of life, which ran through his philosophical works and personal choices.\\nWittgenstein initially studied mechanical engineering, then became interested in mathematical logic. At Cambridge University in the UK, he studied under the famous philosopher Bertrand Russell.\\nRussell quickly discovered Wittgenstein's genius, calling him 'the only student who could ask questions I had never thought of...\", \"markdown_text\": \"\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein, born on April 26, 1889, in a wealthy family in Vienna, Austria, was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His ideas profoundly influenced the development of analytic philosophy, and his life was full of drama and philosophical exploration. From his family background to his philosophical contributions, and finally his choice to...\", \"html_title\": \"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed\", \"link\": \"https://mparticle.uc.cn/article.html?biz_id=1034&uc_param_str=frdnsnpfvecpntnwprdssskt#!wm_cid=664725615592604672!!wm_id=65de76f383f14e919a8338675b793185\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"descText\": \"Qianqianziyin·2 hours ago\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"11\"}, \"hostname\": \"\", \"host_logo\": \"\", \"site_label\": \"\", \"score\": 0.6679346250817156, \"position\": 2}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein, born on April 26, 1889, in a wealthy family in Vienna, Austria, was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His ideas profoundly influenced the development of analytic philosophy, and his life was full of drama and philosophical exploration. From his family background to his philosophical contributions, and finally his choice to...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"12\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1736410391004, \"display_link\": \"caifuhao.eastmoney.com\", \"card_type\": \"news_uchq\", \"title\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language influenced modern philosophy, linguistics_Fortune Account_Eastmoney\", \"main_text\": \" $iFlytek(SZ002230)$ \\nLudwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language has had a profound impact on modern philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. To understand Wittgenstein's questions about language, one can start from his two main philosophical periods: the early period (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus period) and the later period (the Philosophical Investigations period). These two periods have significantly different understandings of language, but both revolve around how language relates to the world, thought, and meaning.\\n---\\n### 1. **Early Thought: Language as a Picture of the World**\\nIn the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Wittgenstein proposed the 'Picture Theory of Language,' the core idea of which is:\\n- **Relationship between Language and the World**: Language depicts the facts of the world through propositions. A proposition is a 'logical picture' of the world, and the structure of language corresponds one-to-one with the structure of the world.\\n- **Limits of Meaning**: Only propositions that can be clearly expressed are meaningful. Things that cannot be expressed in language (such as ethics, aesthetics, metaphysics) are 'unspeakable' and can only be treated with silence.\\n- **Logical Form**: Language and the world share a logical form, and the meaning of language lies in its logical structure.\\n**Implications for AI**:\\n- Wittgenstein's early thought emphasized the precision and logic of language, which aligns with early...\", \"markdown_text\": \"\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language has had a profound impact on modern philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. To understand Wittgenstein's questions about language, one can start from his two main philosophical periods: the early period (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus period)...\", \"html_title\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language influenced modern philosophy, linguistics_Fortune Account_Eastmoney\", \"link\": \"http://caifuhao.eastmoney.com/news/20250107155405388177030\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"descText\": \"Eastmoney·1 week ago\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"12\"}, \"hostname\": \"\", \"host_logo\": \"\", \"site_label\": \"\", \"score\": 0.6674279582771272, \"position\": 3}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein was one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. His philosophy of language has had a profound impact on modern philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. To understand Wittgenstein's questions about language, one can start from his two main philosophical periods: the early period (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus period)...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"3\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1690448580000, \"display_link\": \"m.thepaper.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"\", \"main_text\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951)\\n1. A mixture of contradictions\\nAfter learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment and had no desire to continue living. The only thing that frightened him was dying on a cold hospital bed. Therefore, when the final moments were approaching, Dr. Bevan in Cambridge suggested that Wittgenstein could spend his last days at his home, for which Wittgenstein was certainly very grateful.\\nOn the evening of April 27, 1951, Wittgenstein was very ill. Dr. Bevan told him, 'You only have a few days to live.' He replied loudly, 'Good!' Before losing consciousness, he said to Mrs. Bevan, who had been looking after him all night, 'Tell them I have had a wonderful life!' By 'them,' Wittgenstein clearly meant his few close friends. Two days later, Wittgenstein, the greatest philosopher of the twentieth century (perhaps without 'one of'), passed away.\\nAs one of his close friends, the American philosopher Norman Malcolm once commented on the expression 'a wonderful life': 'When I think of his deep pessimism, the degree of his mental and moral suffering, the relentless way he used his intellect, his need for love and the coldness that repelled it, I am inclined to believe that his life was extremely...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"_Book Flipping Party_The Paper\\n\\nurl: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_23984064\\n\\narticle_title: Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"\\n\\ntime: 2023-07-27 17:03\\n\\n---\\n![](https://imagecloud.thepaper.cn/thepaper/image/262/982/102.jpeg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889\\\\-1951)\\n\\n**1\\\\. A mixture of contradictions** \\n\\nAfter learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment and had no desire to continue living. The only thing that frightened him was dying on a cold hospital bed. Therefore, when the final moments were approaching, Dr. Bevan in Cambridge suggested that Wittgenstein could spend his last days at his home, for which Wittgenstein was certainly very grateful.\\n\\nOn the evening of April 27, 1951, Wittgenstein was very ill. Dr. Bevan told him, 'You only have a few days to live.' He replied loudly, 'Good!' Before losing consciousness...\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) 1. A mixture of contradictions. After learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment...\", \"html_title\": \"Wittgenstein: \\\"I have had a wonderful life!\\\"-The Paper\", \"link\": \"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_23984064\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"3\"}, \"hostname\": \"The Paper\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6480998573107569, \"position\": 4}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) 1. A mixture of contradictions. After learning he had prostate cancer, Wittgenstein did not complain but calmly accepted the fact. He even said he did not want to receive treatment...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"6\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1706457600000, \"display_link\": \"www.cssn.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"[Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World\", \"main_text\": \"Introduction\\nWittgenstein was a 'philosophical genius' of the 20th-century Western world. His legendary life and amazing experiences are always praised along with his original ideas. When we fantasize about this legendary figure, we must not forget the profound influence of his philosophical thoughts. Therefore, we have specially invited Professor Jiang Yi, Director of the International Wittgenstein Research Center at Shanxi University, Deputy Director Professor Chen Changshen, and Secretary-General of the Chinese Wittgenstein Society, Associate Professor Dai Haiqiang, to present a three-dimensional view of Wittgenstein's philosophical thoughts and his profound insights into the essence behind human language activities, combining his legendary life and original ideas.\\n[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius \\nIn the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known.\\nWittgenstein's legendary life was complex and full of legendary stories that are still talked about today. For example, he disliked the academic lifestyle, did not like to argue with people, and preferred to hide in the remote mountains of Norway to escape the hustle and bustle of modern society. He was full of the purest feelings for human intellect, seeking a simple and perfect secular life. His simple daily life made people feel as if...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# [Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World - Chinese Social Sciences Net\\n\\nurl: https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/t20240129_5730976.shtml\\n\\narticle_title: [Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World\\n\\ntime: 2024-01-29\\n\\n---\\n\\n![](https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/W020240205565226801852.jpg)  \\n\\n**Introduction** \\n\\n**Wittgenstein was a 'philosophical genius' of the 20th-century Western world. His legendary life and amazing experiences are always praised along with his original ideas. When we fantasize about this legendary figure, we must not forget the profound influence of his philosophical thoughts. Therefore, we have specially invited Professor Jiang Yi, Director of the International Wittgenstein Research Center at Shanxi University, Deputy Director Professor Chen Changshen, and Secretary-General of the Chinese Wittgenstein Society, Associate Professor Dai Haiqiang, to present a three-dimensional view of Wittgenstein's philosophical thoughts and his profound insights into the essence behind human language activities, combining his legendary life and original ideas.**\\n\\n![](https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/W02024020637...\", \"html_snippet\": \"This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. Wittgenstein's legendary life was complex and full of legendary stories that are still talked about today...\", \"html_title\": \"[Special Topic] Wittgenstein and His Echoes in the Contemporary World - Chinese Social Sciences Net\", \"link\": \"https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202401/t20240129_5730976.shtml\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"6\"}, \"hostname\": \"Chinese Social Sciences Net\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg1MjE1MzgyL2FmLzgwLzk1L2FmODA5NWIzMDUwNjgxMjQ0Yzk0ZWQxNWRlNjFhZTU0Lmljbw==&sign=yx:kOy9WXqyRzvTGCWaljJXqwkn-j0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6414600489928834, \"position\": 5}, \"page_content\": \"This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. Wittgenstein's legendary life was complex and full of legendary stories that are still talked about today...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"1\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1692519180000, \"display_link\": \"m.thepaper.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\", \"main_text\": \"About the author:\\nJiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image]\\nIn the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. At the invitation of the editor, based on the Biography of Wittgenstein I wrote 25 years ago (Biography of Wittgenstein (revised edition), Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2018), I will use five short articles to briefly introduce Wittgenstein's legendary life and profound thoughts, adding some of my...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius_The Paper·Government Affairs_The Paper\\n\\nurl: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24303040\\n\\narticle_title: [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\\n\\ntime: 2023-08-20 16:13\\n\\n---\\n\\nAbout the author:\\n\\nJiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\n\\n![](https://imagepphcloud.thepaper.cn/pph/image/266/555/290.jpg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889\\\\-1951) [Image]\\n...\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image] In the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein...\", \"html_title\": \"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius - The Paper\", \"link\": \"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24303040\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"1\"}, \"hostname\": \"The Paper\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6404098171022933, \"position\": 6}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image] In the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"9\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1692201600000, \"display_link\": \"www.cssn.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\", \"main_text\": \"About the author: Jiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image]\\nIn the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. Although the name 'Wittgenstein' is known throughout the world, who Wittgenstein really was and why he was included in songs sung by millions are not widely known. At the invitation of the editor, based on the Biography of Wittgenstein I wrote 25 years ago (Biography of Wittgenstein (revised edition), Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2018), I will use five short articles to briefly introduce Wittgenstein's legendary life and profound thoughts, adding some...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius - Chinese Social Sciences Net\\n\\nurl: https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202308/t20230817_5679758.shtml\\n\\narticle_title: [A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius\\n\\ntime: 2023-08-17\\n\\n---\\n\\n**About the author:** Jiang Yi, professor at Shanxi University, selected for the National Talent Program, recipient of the State Council Special Government Allowance, concurrently serves as the deputy director of the Philosophy Professional Teaching Guidance Committee of the Ministry of Education, honorary chairman of the Chinese Society for Modern Foreign Philosophy, and president of the International Peirce Society. His main research areas include Wittgenstein's philosophy, history of analytic philosophy, history of Western philosophy, and philosophy of language. Representative works include the following: Wittgenstein: A Post-Philosophical Culture (1996), Biography of Wittgenstein (1998, 2018), Modern Anglo-American Analytic Philosophy (2005, 2023), The Mirror of Thought (2009), and Philosophical Analysis of Contemporary Issues (2022). He has published over three hundred articles in Chinese and English.\\n\\n![](https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202308/W020230817575052366136.jpg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image]\\n\\nIn the West...\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image] In the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein...\", \"html_title\": \"[A Short Biography of Wittgenstein ①] The Legendary Life of a Philosophical Genius - Chinese Social Sciences Net\", \"link\": \"https://www.cssn.cn/zx/zx_rdkx/202308/t20230817_5679758.shtml\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"9\"}, \"hostname\": \"Chinese Social Sciences Net\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg1MjE1MzgyL2FmLzgwLzk1L2FmODA5NWIzMDUwNjgxMjQ0Yzk0ZWQxNWRlNjFhZTU0Lmljbw==&sign=yx:kOy9WXqyRzvTGCWaljJXqwkn-j0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6404098171022933, \"position\": 7}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) [Image] In the West, he shaped an alternative image of contemporary philosophy. In the East, he influenced the daily lives of ordinary people. Whether in novel art or popular songs, his presence seems to be 'great music is silent, great form is shapeless.' This is the famous contemporary philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"7\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1573716180000, \"display_link\": \"new.qq.com\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Philosopher Wittgenstein: Only by being true to oneself can one live a wonderful life\", \"main_text\": \"Before losing final consciousness, Wittgenstein said: 'Tell them I have had a wonderful life.'\\nWittgenstein was a pure person, with pure seriousness and pure loyalty. He never talked about how a philosopher or scholar should live their life, but rather how a person should live their own life: with a serious attitude and pure loyalty to oneself.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\nLudwig Wittgenstein, 1889—1951\\nOne of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century\\nWittgenstein was a genius-level philosopher. He read Schopenhauer when he was young, and later Kant, Frege, and Russell. He hardly ever systematically read the history of philosophy, yet he proposed philosophical ideas that influenced the course of human thought.\\nHe wrote two important works in his life. The first was the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, completed on the war-torn battlefields of World War I. The 'picture theory of language' was the core idea of his early philosophy. The second was Philosophical Investigations, completed after his return to Cambridge in 1929. The 'language-game theory' was the core idea of his later philosophy.\\n1\\nWhen lying is advantageous\\nWhy tell the truth\\nBorn in Vienna, Austria-Hungary in 1889\\nIn 1889, Wittgenstein was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He was the son of a steel magnate, a typical second-generation rich kid, with a superior living environment and material conditions. His parents had high cultural and artistic attainments, and many top artists and musicians of the time (such as Brahms and Mahler)...\", \"markdown_text\": \"\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951), one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. Wittgenstein was a genius-level philosopher. He read Schopenhauer when he was young, and later Kant, Frege, and Russell. He hardly ever systematically read the history of philosophy, yet he proposed philosophical ideas that influenced the course of human thought. He wrote two important works in his life. The first was the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, completed on the war-torn battlefields of World War I. The 'picture theory of language' was the core idea of his early philosophy. The second was Philosophical Investigations, completed after his return to Cambridge in 1929. The 'language-game theory' is...\", \"html_title\": \"Philosopher Wittgenstein: Only by being true to oneself can one live a wonderful life - Tencent\", \"link\": \"https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20191114A0DGTD00\", \"images\": [{\"imageLink\": \"http://inews.gtimg.com/newsapp_ls/0/10760872887_640330/0\", \"width\": 640, \"height\": 330}], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"1\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"7\"}, \"hostname\": \"Tencent\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDI0NTIyL2U2LzZjL2VhL2U2NmNlYTU0YTEwZDEzMzZjODhiNGMwMjkxMTRhOThjLmljbw==&sign=yx:72z_oIinDw9pBPBAn9IuCIeCKNA=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"\", \"score\": 0.6329507354355293, \"position\": 8}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889—1951), one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century. Wittgenstein was a genius-level philosopher. He read Schopenhauer when he was young, and later Kant, Frege, and Russell. He hardly ever systematically read the history of philosophy, yet he proposed philosophical ideas that influenced the course of human thought. He wrote two important works in his life. The first was the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, completed on the war-torn battlefields of World War I. The 'picture theory of language' was the core idea of his early philosophy. The second was Philosophical Investigations, completed after his return to Cambridge in 1929. The 'language-game theory' is...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"8\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1668678300000, \"display_link\": \"m.thepaper.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\", \"main_text\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\nColor is an everyday phenomenon. As long as one is not blind or colorblind, everyone can see colors. Color perception is a basic human perception. Color/colors are always around us, forming the basic elements of our life-world/surrounding world. It can be said that we are already too familiar with color, so much so that unless there is a strange and intense color stimulus, we are often insensitive and oblivious to color, and we would not discuss color as a philosophical topic. Therefore, while many philosophers in history have touched upon color, few have written a dedicated treatise on it.\\nIn the modern European knowledge system, there are probably only two major figures who have discussed color in depth: one is the physicist Newton, and the other is the poet Goethe. Their identities have already determined their different approaches to the problem of color. Newton provides us with a physical or scientific view of color, while Goethe adopts a more literary approach to talking about color. Newton's color theory is already modern...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color_Book Flipping Party_The Paper\\n\\nurl: http://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_20759728\\n\\narticle_title: Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\\n\\ntime: 2022-11-17 17:45\\n\\n---\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889\\\\-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\n\\n![](https://imagecloud.thepaper.cn/thepaper/image/225/563/396.jpg)\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\n\\nColor is an everyday phenomenon. As long as one is not blind or colorblind, everyone can see colors. Color perception is a basic human perception. Color/colors are always around us...\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing...\", \"html_title\": \"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color - The Paper\", \"link\": \"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_20759728\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"8\"}, \"hostname\": \"The Paper\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6181091046625391, \"position\": 9}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"5\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1690958520000, \"display_link\": \"m.thepaper.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters\", \"main_text\": \"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951)\\nIn Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein\\nBy F. A. Hayek\\nBetween the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna.\\nI think it was on the last day of August 1918. Right there, a group of lively, noisy young officers, who had just returned from leave in Sacile, were about to return to the front. Among them, two second lieutenants in the artillery vaguely realized they should know each other.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) is on the right with his clothes tucked in.\\nI'm not sure if it was because I recognized a family facial feature, or because we had actually met before, but we started asking: 'Are you from the Wittgenstein family? (or: Are you from the Hayek family?)' In any case, that's how our journey to Vienna together that night came about. Most of the time we were a bit drowsy from fatigue, but we did talk quite a bit.\\nSome parts of this conversation left a deep impression on me. He was not only very annoyed by the boisterous, seemingly half-drunk officers partying in our compartment, but he also made no secret of his contempt for humanity in general, and took it for granted that any of his relatives, no matter how distant, must share his same principles. He...\", \"markdown_text\": \"\", \"html_snippet\": \"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951) In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein By F. A. Hayek. Between the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there...\", \"html_title\": \"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters - The Paper\", \"link\": \"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24082082?commTag=true\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"5\"}, \"hostname\": \"The Paper\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6141287312063614, \"position\": 10}, \"page_content\": \"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951) In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein By F. A. Hayek. Between the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"10\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1673659740000, \"display_link\": \"www.chinawriter.com.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\", \"main_text\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\nRemarks on Colour, [Austria] Wittgenstein/author, Sun Zhouxing/translator, The Commercial Press, October 2022 edition\\nLudwig Wittgenstein\\n Color is an everyday phenomenon. As long as one is not blind or colorblind, everyone can see colors. Color perception is a basic human perception. Color/colors are always around us, forming the basic elements of our life-world/surrounding world. It can be said that we are already too familiar with color, so much so that unless there is a strange and intense color stimulus, we are often insensitive and oblivious to color, and we would not discuss color as a philosophical topic. Therefore, while many philosophers in history have touched upon color, few have written a dedicated treatise on it.\\n In the modern European knowledge system, there are probably only two major figures who have discussed color in depth: one is the physicist Newton, and the other is the poet Goethe. Their identities have already determined their different approaches to the problem of color. Newton provides us with a physical...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color--Art--China Writer\\n\\nurl: http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2023/0114/c404004-32606499.html\\n\\narticle_title: Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color\\n\\ntime: January 14, 2023 09:29\\n\\n---\\n\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (1889\\\\-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time. Those with this terrible disease are almost starved to death in the end, suffering extreme physical and mental pain, often in a state worse than death. Yet Wittgenstein focused on color amidst the great pain of his illness, leaving behind this somewhat strange final book.\\n\\n![](http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/NMediaFile/2023/0114/MAIN202301140928000062790504232.jpg)\\n\\nRemarks on Colour, [Austria] Wittgenstein/author, Sun Zhouxing/translator, The Commercial Press, 2022...\", \"html_snippet\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time...\", \"html_title\": \"Wittgenstein's Last Book Was Surprisingly About Color - China Writer\", \"link\": \"http://www.chinawriter.com.cn/n1/2023/0114/c404004-32606499.html\", \"images\": [], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"10\"}, \"hostname\": \"China Writer\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cDovL3MyLnppbWdzLmNuL2ltcz9hdD1zaXRlX2xvZ28ma3Q9dXJsJmtleT1hSFIwY0hNNkx5OW5hWEJ6TUM1aVlXbGtkUzVqYjIwdmFYUXZkVDAyTlRnek1qZzFORFVzTVRRNE9EYzFOamMwTXlabWJUMHpNRE13Sm1Gd2NEMHpNRE13Sm5OcGVtVTljakVzTVNaeFBURXdNQ1p1UFRBbVp6MHhiaVptUFVwUVJVY21abTEwUFdGMWRHOG1iV0Y0YjNKcGJHVnVNbWhsYVdNOU1qQXdNREF3TUQ5elBUTTFSa1UxUWprMlJESkROVGt6TXpBMU1VSkZNRE5GUXpBek1EQkdNRE5EJnNpZ249eXg6OFY2bmdRdHR2WjRrZnlXazQ4NUNMeS0wTFo0PSZ0dj0wXzAmcD0=&sign=yx:Jf5qkrSnbweCmvTAZspLPD9i8jw=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.6105036021996111, \"position\": 11}, \"page_content\": \"Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) spent the last fifteen months of his life studying the problem of color, taking notes for the book now known as Remarks on Colour. This is astonishing. It is known that the philosopher was suffering from pancreatic cancer at this time...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"4\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1690958520000, \"display_link\": \"m.thepaper.cn\", \"card_type\": \"structure_web_info\", \"title\": \"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters\", \"main_text\": \"Wittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889-1951)\\nIn Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein\\nBy F. A. Hayek\\nBetween the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna.\\nI think it was on the last day of August 1918. Right there, a group of lively, noisy young officers, who had just returned from leave in Sacile, were about to return to the front. Among them, two second lieutenants in the artillery vaguely realized they should know each other.\\nLudwig Wittgenstein (April 26, 1889 - April 29, 1951) is on the right with his clothes tucked in.\\nI'm not sure if it was because I recognized a family facial feature, or because we had actually met before, but we started asking: 'Are you from the Wittgenstein family? (or: Are you from the Hayek family?)' In any case, that's how our journey to Vienna together that night came about. Most of the time we were a bit drowsy from fatigue, but we did talk quite a bit.\\nSome parts of this conversation left a deep impression on me. He was not only very annoyed by the boisterous, seemingly half-drunk officers partying in our compartment, but he also made no secret of his contempt for humanity in general, and took it for granted that any of his relatives, no matter how distant, must share his same principles. He...\", \"markdown_text\": \"# Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters_The Paper·Paike_The Paper\\n\\nurl: https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24082082\\n\\narticle_title: Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters\\n\\ntime: 2023-08-02 14:42\\n\\n---\\n![](https://imagepphcloud.thepaper.cn/pph/image/263/963/690.jpg)\\n\\nWittgenstein (Ludwig Wittgenstein, 1889\\\\-1951)\\n\\nIn Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein\\n\\nBy F. A. Hayek\\n\\nBetween the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train to Vienna.\\n\\nI think it was on the last day of August 1918. Right there, a group of lively, noisy young officers, who had just returned from leave in Sacile, were about to return to the front. Among them, two second lieutenants in the artillery vaguely realized they should know each other.\\n\\n![](https://imagepphcloud.thepaper....\", \"html_snippet\": \"In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein By F. A. Hayek. Between the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train...\", \"html_title\": \"Hayek: In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein | Pure Masters - The Paper\", \"link\": \"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_24082082\", \"images\": [{\"imageLink\": \"https://imagepphcloud.thepaper.cn/pph/image/263/963/690.jpg\", \"width\": 1080, \"height\": 710}], \"mime\": \"text/html\", \"page_map\": {\"htmlSnippetTruncate\": \"0\", \"mainTextTruncate\": \"1\", \"originPosition\": \"4\"}, \"hostname\": \"The Paper\", \"host_logo\": \"https://s2.zimgs.cn/ims?kt=url&at=smstruct&key=aHR0cHM6Ly9ndy5hbGljZG4uY29tL0wxLzcyMy8xNTg0NDM0MjA4Lzg4LzJkLzIyLzg4MmQyMjNjZDQwYTU0NTUzYWFhOWQ2MTk0MjkzYTkyLmljbw==&sign=yx:3DqV4OhRbkLh-tyg8wPgSAAnD-0=&tv=400_400\", \"site_label\": \"Authoritative Media\", \"score\": 0.56928218296731, \"position\": 12}, \"page_content\": \"In Memory of My Cousin Ludwig Wittgenstein By F. A. Hayek. Between the railway tracks and the station building in Bad Ischl, there used to be a large open space. Sixty years ago, at this time of year, I used to take a walk before the night train...\", \"type\": \"Document\"}, {\"id\": \"13\", \"metadata\": {\"publish_time\": 1736410391004, \"display_link\": \"m.163.com\", \"card_type\": \"news_uchq\", \"title\": \"In 1951, Wittgenstein's last words were, \\\"Tell them I've had a wonderful life\\\"\", \"main_text\": \"In 1951, a 62-year-old Wittgenstein, having given up cancer treatment, lay destitute and ill in a creaking wooden bed, leaving his final words to the world: 'Tell them I have had a happy life.'\\nFor others, it is a great achievement to do one thing well in a lifetime.\\nBut Wittgenstein lived many lives in one, reaching heights that many could not.\\nWhen Wittgenstein first sought to study under the famous philosopher Bertrand Russell, Russell, who usually did not take students, accepted him without hesitation upon seeing such a talented and capable person.\\nBut soon, Russell was 'driven' to the point of suicide by Wittgenstein, because this student made him feel so awestruck that he felt 'unworthy' to be his teacher.\\nWittgenstein was born in the music capital of Vienna. His wealthy family background allowed him to freely do what he wanted.\\nIn fact, during his childhood, Wittgenstein did not show any extraordinary talent, and his academic performance was not outstanding.\\nBut Wittgenstein always had very ambitious goals, though not just one. He originally wanted to be a physicist, then an engineer, and he made a significant mark in that field.\\nFor most people, once they have a foothold in one field, they will basically stay there and strive for excellence.\\nBut Wittgenstein was different. 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Error codes

API error codes

Status	Error code	Error message
404	InvalidAccessKeyId.NotFound	Specified access key is not found.
403	Retrieval.NotActivate	Please activate AI search service
403	Retrieval.NotAuthorised	Please authorize the AliyunIQSFullAccess privilege to the sub-account.
403	Retrieval.TestUserPeriodExpired	The test period has expired.
429	Retrieval.Throttling.User	Request was denied due to user flow control.
429	Retrieval.TestUserQueryPerDayExceeded	The number of queries per day exceeds the limit.

SSE event error codes

event

data

Error message

on_error_event

{

"httpStatusCode":500,

"code":"InternalServerError",

"message":"An unexpected error occurred"

}

Internal error.

on_error_event

{

"httpStatusCode":400,

"code":"InvalidParameter.InvalidStringLength",

"message":"InvalidParameter.InvalidStringLength: The specified parameter 'query' value length is not in range [2, 100]"

}

The length of the 'query' parameter must be between 2 and 100.