StarRocks parameter settings-E-MapReduce(EMR)-阿里云帮助中心

This reference lists the frontend node (FE) and backend node (BE) parameters for an E-MapReduce (EMR) Serverless StarRocks instance. Parameters fall into two categories: static parameters require a service restart to take effect, while dynamic parameters take effect immediately without a restart.

FE dynamic parameters

Log

Parameter	Default value	Description
`qe_slow_log_ms`	`5000`	Slow query threshold. Queries with a response time exceeding this value are recorded as slow queries. Unit: milliseconds.

Metadata and instance management

Parameter	Default value	Description
`catalog_try_lock_timeout_ms`	`5000`	Timeout for acquiring the catalog lock. Unit: milliseconds.
`edit_log_roll_num`	`50000`	Maximum number of image log entries written before a new log file is created.
`ignore_unknown_log_id`	`false`	Whether to ignore unknown log IDs when an FE is rolled back to an earlier version. Valid values: `true` (ignore unknown log IDs) and `false` (exit if unknown log IDs exist).
`ignore_meta_check`	`false`	Whether to ignore the metadata gap. Valid values: `true` and `false`.
`max_backend_down_time_second`	`3600`	Maximum time allowed for a BE to rejoin after disconnecting from an FE. Unit: seconds.
`drop_backend_after_decommission`	`true`	Whether to delete a BE after it is decommissioned. Valid values: `true` (delete the BE immediately after decommission) and `false` (retain the BE after decommission).

Query engine

Parameter	Default value	Description
`expr_children_limit`	`10000`	Maximum number of IN predicates allowed in a query.
`expr_depth_limit`	`3000`	Maximum depth of an expression tree.
`max_allowed_in_element_num_of_delete`	`10000`	Maximum number of elements allowed in the IN predicate of a DELETE statement.
`max_layout_length_per_row`	`2147483647`	Maximum length of a single row.
`disable_cluster_feature`	`TRUE`	Whether to disable the logical instance feature. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`enable_materialized_view`	`TRUE`	Whether to allow creation of materialized views. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`enable_decimal_v3`	`TRUE`	Whether to enable the DECIMAL V3 data type. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`enable_sql_blacklist`	`FALSE`	Whether to enable the SQL query blacklist. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`. Note When enabled, queries in the blacklist cannot be executed.
`dynamic_partition_check_interval_seconds`	`600`	Interval at which the FE checks for new data and automatically creates partitions. Unit: seconds.
`dynamic_partition_enable`	`TRUE`	Whether to enable dynamic partitioning. Valid values: `TRUE` (enable; StarRocks automatically creates partitions for new data and deletes expired partitions) and `FALSE` (disable).
`max_partitions_in_one_batch`	`4096`	Maximum number of partitions that can be created in a single batch.
`max_query_retry_time`	`2`	Maximum number of query retries on an FE.
`max_create_table_timeout_second`	`600`	Maximum timeout for creating a table. Unit: seconds.
`max_running_rollup_job_num_per_table`	`1`	Maximum number of concurrent rollup jobs per table.
`max_planner_scalar_rewrite_num`	`100000`	Maximum number of times the optimizer can rewrite a ScalarOperator.
`statistics_manager_sleep_time_sec`	`60`	Interval at which statistics-related metadata is scheduled. Unit: seconds.
`statistic_collect_interval_sec`	`300`	Interval at which data updates are checked in automatic statistics collection tasks. Unit: seconds.
`statistic_update_interval_sec`	`86400`	Default interval at which statistics are updated. Unit: seconds.
`statistic_sample_collect_rows`	`200000`	Number of rows to sample during statistics collection.
`enable_statistic_collect`	`TRUE`	Whether to enable statistics collection. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`enable_local_replica_selection`	`FALSE`	Whether the optimizer preferentially selects tablet replicas on BEs that share the same IP address as the FE. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`max_distribution_pruner_recursion_depth`	`100`	Maximum recursion depth for partition pruning.

Data import and export

Parameter	Default value	Description
`load_straggler_wait_second`	`300`	Maximum data import lag tolerated for a BE replica before data is cloned from another replica. Unit: seconds.
`desired_max_waiting_jobs`	`100`	Maximum number of pending jobs. Applies to all job types, including table creation, data import, and schema change jobs.
`max_running_txn_num_per_db`	`100`	Maximum number of concurrent data import jobs.
`max_load_timeout_second`	`259200`	Maximum timeout for a data import job. Applies to all import job types. Unit: seconds.
`min_load_timeout_second`	`1`	Minimum timeout for a data import job. Applies to all import job types. Unit: seconds.
`load_parallel_instance_num`	`1`	Number of concurrent instances on a single BE.
`disable_hadoop_load`	`FALSE`	Whether to disable Hadoop data import. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`disable_load_job`	`FALSE`	Whether to reject data import jobs when the instance encounters an error. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`.
`db_used_data_quota_update_interval_secs`	`300`	Interval at which the database quota is updated. Unit: seconds.
`history_job_keep_max_second`	`604800`	Maximum retention period for historical jobs. Unit: seconds.
`label_keep_max_num`	`1000`	Maximum number of data import jobs retained within the period specified by `label_keep_max_second`.
`label_keep_max_second`	`259200`	Retention period for import job labels. Unit: seconds.
`max_routine_load_job_num`	`100`	Maximum number of Routine Load jobs.
`max_routine_load_task_concurrent_num`	`5`	Maximum number of concurrent tasks in a Routine Load job.
`max_routine_load_task_num_per_be`	`5`	Maximum number of concurrent Routine Load tasks on a BE. Must be less than or equal to `routine_load_thread_pool_size`.
`max_routine_load_batch_size`	`4294967296`	Maximum amount of data imported by a single Routine Load task.
`routine_load_task_consume_second`	`15`	Maximum duration for a Routine Load task to consume data. Unit: seconds.
`routine_load_task_timeout_second`	`60`	Timeout for a Routine Load task. Unit: seconds.
`max_tolerable_backend_down_num`	`0`	Maximum number of faulty BEs allowed. If exceeded, Routine Load jobs cannot be automatically recovered.
`period_of_auto_resume_min`	`5`	Interval at which Routine Load jobs are automatically recovered. Unit: minutes.
`spark_load_default_timeout_second`	`86400`	Timeout for a Spark Load job. Unit: seconds.
`spark_home_default_dir`	`STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/lib/spark2x`	Root directory of the Spark client.
`stream_load_default_timeout_second`	`600`	Timeout for a Stream Load job. Unit: seconds.
`max_stream_load_timeout_second`	`259200`	Maximum timeout for a Stream Load job. Unit: seconds.
`insert_load_default_timeout_second`	`3600`	Timeout for an INSERT INTO data import operation. Unit: seconds.
`broker_load_default_timeout_second`	`14400`	Timeout for a Broker Load job. Unit: seconds.
`min_bytes_per_broker_scanner`	`67108864`	Minimum amount of data processed by a Broker Load instance. Default value: 64 MB.
`max_broker_concurrency`	`100`	Maximum number of concurrent instances for a Broker Load job.
`export_max_bytes_per_be_per_task`	`268435456`	Maximum amount of data exported from a single BE by a single export job. Default value: 256 MB.
`export_running_job_num_limit`	`5`	Maximum number of concurrently running data export jobs.
`export_task_default_timeout_second`	`7200`	Timeout for a data export job. Default value: 2 hours. Unit: seconds.

Storage

Parameter	Default value	Description
`enable_strict_storage_medium_check`	`false`	Whether an FE checks the storage medium type of a BE during table creation. Valid values: `true` and `false`.
`capacity_used_percent_high_water`	`0.75`	Disk usage upper limit on a BE. If disk usage exceeds 75%, no new table creation or cloning jobs are sent to the BE until usage drops below the threshold.
`storage_high_watermark_usage_percent`	`85`	Maximum space usage of a BE directory.
`storage_min_left_capacity_bytes`	`2147483648`	Minimum remaining space in a BE directory. Default value: 2 GB. Unit: bytes.
`storage_flood_stage_left_capacity_bytes`	`1073741824`	Remaining space threshold for a BE directory. Default value: 1 GB. Unit: bytes. If remaining space falls below this value, load or restore jobs are rejected.
`storage_flood_stage_usage_percent`	`95`	Space usage threshold for a BE directory. If usage exceeds this value, load or restore jobs are rejected.
`catalog_trash_expire_second`	`86400`	Retention period of metadata in the recycle bin after a table or database is deleted. Default value: 1 day. Unit: seconds. Data cannot be restored once this period expires.
`alter_table_timeout_second`	`86400`	Timeout for a schema change job. Default value: 1 day. Unit: seconds.
`balance_load_disk_safe_threshold`	`0.5`	Safe disk usage threshold for the `disk_and_tablet` balancing policy. If the disk usage of all BE disks is below 50%, disk usage is considered balanced.
`balance_load_score_threshold`	`0.1`	Load score threshold for tablet balancing. For the `be_load_score` policy: a BE with load 10% below average is in a low-load state; a BE with load 10% above average is in a high-load state. For the `disk_and_tablet` policy: if the difference between the maximum and minimum BE disk usage exceeds 10%, load rebalancing is triggered.
`disable_balance`	`false`	Whether to disable tablet balancing. Valid values: `false` and `true`.
`max_scheduling_tablets`	`2000`	Maximum number of tablets that can be scheduled at the same time. If the number of tablets being scheduled exceeds this value, tablet load balancing is skipped.
`max_balancing_tablets`	`100`	Maximum number of tablets being balanced simultaneously. If this value is exceeded, load rebalancing is skipped.
`disable_colocate_balance`	`false`	Whether to disable replica balancing for colocate tables. Valid values: `true` and `false`.
`recover_with_empty_tablet`	`false`	Whether to replace a lost or corrupted tablet replica with an empty replica. Valid values: `true` and `false`. An empty replica allows queries to continue even if a tablet replica is lost, but results may be incorrect due to missing data.
`min_clone_task_timeout_sec`	`180`	Minimum timeout for cloning a tablet. Default value: 3 minutes. Unit: seconds.
`max_clone_task_timeout_sec`	`7200`	Maximum timeout for cloning a tablet. Default value: 2 hours. Unit: seconds.
`tablet_create_timeout_second`	`1`	Timeout for creating a tablet. Unit: seconds.
`tablet_delete_timeout_second`	`2`	Timeout for deleting a tablet. Unit: seconds.
`tablet_repair_delay_factor_second`	`60`	Interval at which tablet replicas are repaired. Unit: seconds.
`consistency_check_start_time`	`23`	Hour at which the FE starts a replica consistency check. Default value: 23:00.
`consistency_check_end_time`	`4`	Hour at which the FE ends a replica consistency check. Default value: 04:00.
`check_consistency_default_timeout_second`	`600`	Timeout for a replica consistency check. Unit: seconds.

Others

Parameter	Default value	Description
`plugin_enable`	`TRUE`	Whether to enable the plugin framework. Valid values: `TRUE` and `FALSE`. Note Plugins can only be installed or uninstalled on the leader FE.
`max_small_file_number`	`100`	Maximum number of small files that can be stored.
`max_small_file_size_bytes`	`1048576`	Maximum size of a small file. Default value: 1 MB. Unit: bytes.
`backup_job_default_timeout_ms`	`86400000`	Timeout for a backup job. Default value: 1 day. Unit: milliseconds.
`report_queue_size`	`100`	Maximum number of disk, task, or tablet reports in the report queue.

FE static parameters

Log

Parameter	Default value	Description
`log_roll_size_mb`	`1024`	Size of a log file. Default value: 1 GB. Unit: MB.
`sys_log_dir`	`/opt/starrocks/be/log`	Directory where system logs are stored.
`sys_log_level`	`INFO`	System log level. Valid values: `INFO`, `WARNING`, `ERROR`, and `FATAL`.
`sys_log_verbose_modules`	Empty string	Modules for which system logs are generated. For example, setting this to `org.apache.starrocks.catalog` generates system logs only for the catalog module.
`sys_log_roll_interval`	`DAY`	Interval at which system logs are rotated.
`sys_log_delete_age`	`1d`	Retention period of system log files.
`sys_log_roll_num`	`2`	Maximum number of system log files retained per interval specified by `sys_log_roll_interval`.
`audit_log_dir`	`starrocksFe.STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/log`	Directory where audit logs are stored.
`audit_log_roll_num`	`2`	Maximum number of audit log files retained per interval specified by `audit_log_roll_interval`.
`audit_log_modules`	`slow_query, query`	Modules for which audit logs are generated. Multiple modules can be specified, separated by a comma and a space.
`audit_log_roll_interval`	`DAY`	Interval at which audit logs are rotated. Valid values: `DAY` and `HOUR`.
`audit_log_delete_age`	`1d`	Retention period of audit log files.
`dump_log_dir`	`STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/log`	Directory where dump logs are stored.
`dump_log_modules`	`query`	Modules for which dump logs are generated. Multiple modules can be specified, separated by a comma and a space.
`dump_log_roll_interval`	`DAY`	Interval at which dump log files are rotated. Valid values: `DAY` (suffix format: `yyyyMMdd`) and `HOUR` (suffix format: `yyyyMMddHH`).
`dump_log_roll_num`	`2`	Maximum number of dump log files retained per interval specified by `dump_log_roll_interval`.
`dump_log_delete_age`	`1d`	Retention period of dump log files.

Server process

Parameter	Default value	Description
`frontend_address`	`0.0.0.0`	IP address of the FE.
`priority_networks`	Empty string	CIDR block for the FE, such as `10.10.**/24`. Used on servers with multiple IP addresses to specify the preferred network.
`http_port`	`8030`	HTTP server port of the FE.
`http_backlog_num`	`1024`	Backlog queue length of the HTTP server.
`cluster_name`	`StarRocks Cluster`	Name of the StarRocks instance displayed as the page title in the web UI.
`rpc_port`	`9020`	Thrift server port of the FE.
`thrift_backlog_num`	`1024`	Backlog queue length of the Thrift server.
`thrift_server_type`	`THREAD_POOL`	Service model of the Thrift server. Valid values: `SIMPLE`, `THREADED`, and `THREAD_POOL`.
`thrift_server_max_worker_threads`	`4096`	Maximum number of worker threads supported by the Thrift server.
`thrift_client_timeout_ms`	`5000`	Timeout for an idle Thrift server connection. If no requests are sent within this period, the connection is closed. Unit: milliseconds.
`brpc_idle_wait_max_time`	`10000`	Maximum idle time for bRPC connections. Default value: 10 seconds. Unit: milliseconds.
`query_port`	`9030`	MySQL server port of the FE.
`mysql_service_nio_enabled`	`true`	Whether to enable asynchronous I/O for the MySQL server. Valid values: `true` and `false`.
`mysql_service_io_threads_num`	`4`	Maximum number of threads for the MySQL server to process I/O events.
`mysql_nio_backlog_num`	`1024`	Backlog queue length of the MySQL server.
`max_mysql_service_task_threads_num`	`4096`	Maximum number of threads for the MySQL server to process tasks.
`max_connection_scheduler_threads_num`	`4096`	Maximum number of threads supported by the connection scheduler.
`qe_max_connection`	`1024`	Maximum number of connections allowed per FE.
`check_java_version`	`true`	Whether to check Java version compatibility on startup. If versions are incompatible, the service fails to start. Valid values: `true` and `false`.

Metadata and instance management

Parameter	Default value	Description
`meta_dir`	`/opt/starrocks/fe/meta`	Directory where FE metadata is stored.
`heartbeat_mgr_threads_num`	`8`	Number of threads for Heartbeat Manager to run heartbeat tasks.
`heartbeat_mgr_blocking_queue_size`	`1024`	Size of the blocking queue that stores heartbeat tasks run by Heartbeat Manager.
`metadata_failure_recovery`	`false`	Whether to forcibly reset FE metadata. Note Use this parameter with caution.
`edit_log_port`	`9010`	Port used for communication among the leader, follower, and observer FEs.
`edit_log_type`	`BDB`	Type of edit log. Set to `BDB`.
`bdbje_heartbeat_timeout_second`	`30`	Heartbeat timeout for the BDB JE-based FE. Unit: seconds.
`bdbje_lock_timeout_second`	`1`	Lock timeout for the BDB JE-based FE. Unit: seconds.
`max_bdbje_clock_delta_ms`	`5000`	Maximum clock offset allowed between the leader FE and follower or observer FEs. Unit: milliseconds.
`txn_rollback_limit`	`100`	Maximum number of transactions that can be rolled back.
`bdbje_replica_ack_timeout_second`	`10`	Maximum time the leader FE waits for ACK messages from follower FEs. Unit: seconds.
`master_sync_policy`	`SYNC`	Policy for the leader FE to flush logs to disk.
`replica_sync_policy`	`SYNC`	Policy for follower FE replicas to flush logs to disk.
`meta_delay_toleration_second`	`300`	Maximum lag allowed for metadata on follower and observer FEs relative to the leader FE. Unit: seconds.
`cluster_id`	`-1`	ID of the StarRocks instance to which the FE belongs. FEs and BEs with the same ID belong to the same instance. The default value `-1` means an ID is randomly generated when the leader FE starts for the first time.

Query engine

Parameter	Default value	Description
`disable_colocate_join`	`FALSE`	Whether to disable colocate joins. Valid values: `FALSE` and `TRUE`.
`enable_udf`	`FALSE`	Whether to enable user-defined functions (UDFs). Valid values: `FALSE` and `TRUE`.
`publish_version_interval_ms`	`10`	Interval at which version release validation tasks are issued. Unit: milliseconds.
`statistic_cache_columns`	`100000`	Maximum number of rows cached for a statistics table.

Data import and export

Parameter	Default value	Description
`async_load_task_pool_size`	`10`	Thread pool size for data import jobs.
`load_checker_interval_second`	`5`	Polling interval for data import jobs. Unit: seconds.
`transaction_clean_interval_second`	`30`	Interval at which completed transactions are cleaned up. Unit: seconds.
`label_clean_interval_second`	`14400`	Interval at which import job labels are cleaned up. Unit: seconds.
`spark_dpp_version`	`1.0.0`	Version of Spark Dynamic Partition Pruning (DPP).
`spark_resource_path`	Empty string	Root directory of the Spark dependency package.
`spark_launcher_log_dir`	`sys_log_dir/spark_launcher_log`	Directory where Spark log files are stored.
`yarn_client_path`	`STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/lib/yarn-client/hadoop/bin/yarn`	Root directory of the YARN client package.
`yarn_config_dir`	`STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/lib/yarn-config`	Directory where YARN configuration files are stored.
`export_checker_interval_second`	`5`	Polling interval for data export jobs. Unit: seconds.
`export_task_pool_size`	`5`	Thread pool size for data export jobs.

Storage

Parameter	Default value	Description
`tablet_sched_storage_cooldown_secon`	`-1`	Interval for storage media migration. Default value: `-1` (automatic cooldown disabled). To enable automatic cooldown, set this to a value greater than `0`. Unit: seconds.
`default_storage_medium`	`HDD`	Default storage media used when no media is specified during table or partition creation. Valid values: `HDD` and `SSD`.
`schedule_slot_num_per_path`	`2`	Number of tablet-related jobs that can run concurrently in a BE directory.
`tablet_balancer_strategy`	`disk_and_tablet`	Policy for tablet load balancing. Valid values: `disk_and_tablet` and `be_load_score`.
`tablet_stat_update_interval_second`	`300`	Interval at which the FE retrieves tablet statistics from each BE. Default value: 5 minutes. Unit: seconds.

Others

Parameter	Default value	Description
`plugin_dir`	`STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/plugins`	Directory where plugin installation packages are stored.
`small_file_dir`	`STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/small_files`	Root directory for small files.
`max_agent_task_threads_num`	`4096`	Maximum number of threads in the agent task thread pool.
`authentication_ldap_simple_bind_base_dn`	`""`	Base DN used to search for user authentication information in LDAP.
`authentication_ldap_simple_bind_root_dn`	`""`	Administrator DN used to search for user authentication information in LDAP.
`authentication_ldap_simple_bind_root_pwd`	`""`	Password of the LDAP administrator used to search for user authentication information.
`authentication_ldap_simple_server_host`	`""`	Host on which the LDAP server runs.
`authentication_ldap_simple_server_port`	`389`	Port of the LDAP server.
`authentication_ldap_simple_user_search_attr`	`uid`	Name of the attribute that identifies users in LDAP objects.
`tmp_dir`	`starrocksFe.STARROCKS_HOME_DIR/temp_ddir`	Directory for temporary files, such as those generated during backup and restore operations.
`locale`	`zh_CN.UTF-8`	Character set used by the FE.
`hive_meta_load_concurrency`	`4`	Maximum number of concurrent threads for loading Hive metadata.
`hive_meta_cache_refresh_interval_s`	`7200`	Interval at which the cached metadata of Hive external tables is refreshed. Unit: seconds.
`hive_meta_cache_ttl_s`	`86400`	Time after which cached Hive external table metadata expires. Default value: 2 hours. Unit: seconds.
`hive_meta_store_timeout_s`	`10`	Timeout for a connection to Hive Metastore. Unit: seconds.
`es_state_sync_interval_second`	`10`	Interval at which the FE retrieves Elasticsearch indexes. Unit: seconds.
`enable_auth_check`	`true`	Whether to enable authentication. Valid values: `true` and `false`.
`enable_metric_calculator`	`true`	Whether to enable periodic metrics collection. Valid values: `true` and `false`.

BE parameters

All BE parameters are static parameters and take effect only after a BE restart.

Parameter	Default value	Description
`be_port`	`9060`	Thrift server port on the BE, used to receive requests from FEs.
`brpc_port`	`8060`	bRPC port for viewing bRPC network statistics.
`brpc_num_threads`	`-1`	Number of bRPC worker threads. The default value `-1` uses the same number as CPU cores.
`priority_networks`	_(empty)_	Preferred CIDR block for servers with multiple network interfaces. For example: `10.10.**/24`.
`heartbeat_service_port`	`9050`	Heartbeat service port on the BE, used to receive heartbeats from FEs.
`heartbeat_service_thread_count`	`1`	Number of threads for the heartbeat service.
`create_tablet_worker_count`	`3`	Number of threads for creating tablets.
`drop_tablet_worker_count`	`3`	Number of threads for deleting tablets.
`push_worker_count_normal_priority`	`3`	Number of threads for processing NORMAL-priority load jobs.
`push_worker_count_high_priority`	`3`	Number of threads for processing HIGH-priority load jobs.
`publish_version_worker_count`	`2`	Number of threads for publishing tablet versions.
`clear_transaction_task_worker_count`	`1`	Number of threads for clearing completed transactions.
`alter_tablet_worker_count`	`3`	Number of threads for schema change operations.
`clone_worker_count`	`3`	Number of threads for tablet cloning.
`storage_medium_migrate_count`	`1`	Number of threads for storage media migration, such as migrating hot data from SSD to HDD.
`check_consistency_worker_count`	`1`	Number of threads for checking tablet replica consistency.
`make_snapshot_worker_count`	`5`	Concurrency for creating snapshots. Lower this value to reduce resource usage.
`upload_worker_count`	Number of vCPUs	Concurrency for uploading snapshots. Lower this value to reduce bandwidth and I/O usage.
`report_task_interval_seconds`	`10`	Interval at which the BE reports job status (table creation, deletion, loading, and schema change) to the FE. Unit: seconds.
`report_disk_state_interval_seconds`	`60`	Interval at which the BE reports disk status and data volumes to the FE. Unit: seconds.
`report_tablet_interval_seconds`	`60`	Interval at which the BE reports tablet version information to the FE. Unit: seconds.
`alter_tablet_timeout_seconds`	`86400`	Timeout for a schema change job on the BE. Unit: seconds.
`sys_log_dir`	`${DORIS_HOME}/log`	Directory for BE system logs.
`user_function_dir`	`${DORIS_HOME}/lib/udf`	Directory for UDF files.
`sys_log_level`	`INFO`	Minimum severity level for BE system log entries. Valid values: `INFO`, `WARNING`, `ERROR`, `FATAL`.
`sys_log_roll_mode`	`SIZE-MB-1024`	Maximum log file size before rotation. Default: 1 GB.
`sys_log_roll_num`	`10`	Maximum number of system log files retained.
`sys_log_verbose_modules`	_(empty)_	Modules for which verbose system logs are generated. For example, setting this to `OLAP` generates logs only for the OLAP module.
`sys_log_verbose_level`	`10`	Verbosity level for logs prefixed with `VLOG` in the source code.
`log_buffer_level`	_(empty)_	Log flush policy. By default, logs are buffered in memory.
`num_threads_per_core`	`3`	Number of threads started per CPU core.
`compress_rowbatches`	`TRUE`	Whether to compress row batches in bRPC calls between BEs during query processing. Set to `TRUE` to enable; set to `FALSE` to disable.
`serialize_batch`	`FALSE`	Whether to serialize row batches in bRPC calls between BEs during query processing. Set to `TRUE` to enable; set to `FALSE` to disable.
`status_report_interval`	`5`	Interval at which the BE reports query profiles to the FE. Unit: seconds.
`doris_scanner_thread_pool_thread_num`	`48`	Number of threads in the storage engine's scan thread pool.
`doris_scanner_thread_pool_queue_size`	`102400`	Maximum number of scan tasks queued in the storage engine.
`doris_scan_range_row_count`	`524288`	Granularity at which the storage engine splits query scan ranges.
`doris_scanner_queue_size`	`1024`	Maximum number of scan tasks the storage engine supports.
`doris_scanner_row_num`	`16384`	Maximum number of data rows returned by each scan thread per call.
`doris_max_scan_key_num`	`1024`	Maximum number of scan keys that can be split.
`column_dictionary_key_ratio_threshold`	`0`	Ratio threshold for the STRING type below which dictionary compression is applied.
`column_dictionary_key_size_threshold`	`0`	Size threshold for a column below which dictionary compression is applied.
`memory_limitation_per_thread_for_schema_change`	`2`	Maximum memory per thread for schema change jobs. Unit: GB.
`file_descriptor_cache_clean_interval`	`3600`	Interval at which unused cached file descriptors are evicted. Unit: seconds.
`disk_stat_monitor_interval`	`5`	Interval at which disk status is checked. Unit: seconds.
`unused_rowset_monitor_interval`	`30`	Interval at which expired rowsets are cleared. Unit: seconds.
`storage_root_path`	_(empty)_	Root directory for data storage.
`max_tablet_num_per_shard`	`1024`	Maximum number of tablets per shard within each storage directory.
`pending_data_expire_time_sec`	`1800`	Maximum retention period for pending data in the storage engine. Unit: seconds.
`inc_rowset_expired_sec`	`1800`	Retention period for loaded data in incremental cloning scenarios. Unit: seconds.
`max_garbage_sweep_interval`	`3600`	Maximum interval for disk garbage collection. Unit: seconds.
`min_garbage_sweep_interval`	`180`	Minimum interval for disk garbage collection. Unit: seconds.
`snapshot_expire_time_sec`	`172800`	Retention period for snapshots before they are deleted. Default: 48 hours. Unit: seconds.
`trash_file_expire_time_sec`	`259200`	Retention period for files in the recycle bin before they are deleted. Default: 72 hours. Unit: seconds.
`file_descriptor_cache_capacity`	`16384`	Maximum number of cached file descriptors.
`min_file_descriptor_number`	`60000`	Minimum number of file descriptors for the BE process.
`index_stream_cache_capacity`	`10737418240`	Cache capacity for Bloom filter, Min, and Max statistical information.
`storage_page_cache_limit`	`0`	Maximum capacity of the page cache.
`disable_storage_page_cache`	`TRUE`	Whether to disable the page cache. Set to `TRUE` to disable; set to `FALSE` to enable.
`base_compaction_check_interval_seconds`	`60`	Thread polling interval for base compaction. Unit: seconds.
`base_compaction_num_threads_per_disk`	`1`	Number of threads for base compaction per disk.
`base_cumulative_delta_ratio`	`0.3`	Ratio of cumulative file size to base file size that triggers a base compaction.
`base_compaction_interval_seconds_since_last_operation`	`86400`	Minimum interval since the last base compaction that triggers another base compaction. Unit: seconds.
`cumulative_compaction_check_interval_seconds`	`1`	Thread polling interval for cumulative compaction. Unit: seconds.
`min_cumulative_compaction_num_singleton_deltas`	`5`	Minimum number of singleton files that triggers a cumulative compaction.
`max_cumulative_compaction_num_singleton_deltas`	`1000`	Maximum number of singleton files that triggers a cumulative compaction.
`cumulative_compaction_num_threads_per_disk`	`1`	Number of threads for cumulative compaction per disk.
`min_compaction_failure_interval_sec`	`120`	Minimum interval before a failed tablet compaction can be rescheduled. Unit: seconds.
`max_compaction_concurrency`	`-1`	Maximum concurrency for base compactions and cumulative compactions combined. The default value `-1` means no limit.
`webserver_port`	`8040`	HTTP server port on the BE.
`webserver_num_workers`	`48`	Number of worker threads for the BE HTTP server.
`periodic_counter_update_period_ms`	`500`	Interval at which Counter statistics are collected. Unit: milliseconds.
`load_data_reserve_hours`	`4`	Retention period for files generated by small-scale load jobs. Unit: hours.
`load_error_log_reserve_hours`	`48`	Retention period for load error log files. Unit: hours.
`number_tablet_writer_threads`	`16`	Number of threads for Stream Load.
`streaming_load_max_mb`	`10240`	Maximum file size for a single Stream Load. Unit: MB.
`streaming_load_rpc_max_alive_time_sec`	`1200`	RPC timeout for Stream Load. Unit: seconds.
`fragment_pool_thread_num`	`64`	Number of initial threads for query execution. Additional threads are created dynamically as needed.
`fragment_pool_queue_size`	`2048`	Maximum number of queries that can be queued on a single BE node.
`enable_partitioned_aggregation`	`TRUE`	Whether to enable partition-based aggregation. Set to `TRUE` to enable; set to `FALSE` to disable.
`enable_token_check`	`TRUE`	Whether to enable token-based authentication checks. Set to `TRUE` to enable; set to `FALSE` to disable.
`load_process_max_memory_limit_bytes`	`107374182400`	Maximum memory for all load threads on a BE node. Default: 100 GB.
`load_process_max_memory_limit_percent`	`30`	Maximum percentage of total memory used by all load threads on a BE node.
`sync_tablet_meta`	`FALSE`	Whether to enable synchronous writes for tablet metadata. Set to `TRUE` to enable; set to `FALSE` to disable.
`thrift_rpc_timeout_ms`	`5000`	Timeout for Thrift RPC calls. Unit: milliseconds.
`txn_commit_rpc_timeout_ms`	`10000`	Timeout for transaction commit RPC calls. Unit: milliseconds.
`routine_load_thread_pool_size`	`10`	Thread pool size for Routine Load. Must be greater than or equal to `max_routine_load_task_num_per_be`.
`tablet_meta_checkpoint_min_new_rowsets_num`	`10`	Minimum number of new rowsets since the last tablet meta checkpoint before triggering a new checkpoint.
`tablet_meta_checkpoint_min_interval_secs`	`600`	Thread polling interval for generating tablet meta checkpoints. Unit: seconds.
`brpc_max_body_size`	`209715200`	Maximum body size for bRPC messages. Default: 200 MB.
`max_runnings_transactions`	`2000`	Maximum number of concurrent transactions supported by the storage engine.
`tablet_map_shard_size`	`32`	Size of the tablet map shard.
`enable_bitmap_union_disk_format_with_set`	`FALSE`	Whether to enable the new on-disk storage format for the BITMAP type, which improves `bitmap_union` performance. Set to `TRUE` to enable; set to `FALSE` to disable.