This topic defines common terms for the Energy Expert product.
Electricity parameters
Power factor: The power factor (cosφ) is the cosine of the phase difference angle between the current and voltage in an alternating current (AC) circuit. The current usually lags the voltage. The power factor is the unique value used to determine the adjustment ratio for the power factor adjustment fee.
Forward active energy (kilowatt-hour reading): The reading of active energy that a device consumes over a specific period.
Electricity consumption: The amount of forward active energy used during a specific period. It is calculated as follows: Electricity consumption = Kilowatt-hour reading at end time - Kilowatt-hour reading at start time. For example, if the reading is 1000 kW·h at the start of a day and 1200 kW·h at the end of the day, the electricity consumption is 1200 kW·h - 1000 kW·h = 200 kW·h.
Billing terms
The electricity price for large industrial customers (two-part tariff) consists of three parts: a capacity charge, an energy charge, and a power factor adjustment fee. The energy charge is based on electricity consumption. The capacity charge is based on electrical capacity and can be calculated based on transformer capacity or maximum demand. The power factor adjustment fee is a comprehensive fee calculated from the energy and capacity charges using a power factor adjustment ratio.
Energy charge: Energy charge = Actual monthly electricity consumption (time-of-use consumption) × Energy rate (time-of-use rate).
Capacity charge: The capacity charge is calculated in one of two ways: by transformer (rated) capacity or by maximum demand. The customer must specify their chosen method in the Power Supply and Use Contract. The method cannot be changed while the contract is valid.
Billing by capacity = Transformer (rated) capacity × Capacity unit price
Billing by demand = Maximum demand × Demand unit price
For example, in Guangdong province, the current capacity unit price is CNY 23/kVA/month and the demand unit price is CNY 32/kW/month.
Power factor adjustment fee: A fee based on the customer's average power factor. The power company calculates the average power factor from the active and reactive energy consumed over a period, such as a month or a year, and charges the fee accordingly.
Dual Carbon terms
Dual Carbon: An abbreviation for 'carbon peak' and 'carbon neutrality'. In September 2020, China announced its goals to achieve a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060.
Carbon Footprint: The total greenhouse gas emissions from an organization, event, product, or individual. These emissions come from activities such as transportation, food production, and manufacturing. A carbon footprint measures the environmental impact of energy use and personal behavior, encouraging individuals to take action.
Carbon inventory: The process of calculating the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the social and production activities of an entity, such as a government or a company. This process is also known as creating a greenhouse gas emissions inventory.