This topic covers feature updates for the cloud-native database PolarDB and links to relevant documentation.
2026
June 2026
Parameter | Description | Release date | Related documentation |
Materialized view enhancements | Materialized views now support incremental refresh and parallel refresh to improve data refresh efficiency. | 2026-06-02 | |
Enterprise knowledge space | Introduces enterprise knowledge space, a service that provides enterprise-grade knowledge base management and retrieval, allowing enterprise documents to be centrally consolidated and accessed by AI agents. | 2026-06-04 | |
AutoETL capability enhancements | AutoETL now supports cross-region data synchronization and multi-cluster data aggregation, enabling data pipelines across regions as well as aggregating multiple source instances into a single target. | 2026-06-09 | |
PolarDB Agent LakeBase capability expansion | PolarDB Agent LakeBase adds a series of new capabilities including monitoring metrics, Agent Native directory quota, shared directories, directory cloning (Clone), and mount parameters, further improving persistent workspace management for Agent Native scenarios. | 2026-06-10 | |
PolarDB Agentic Database | Introduces PolarDB Agentic Database, a database service designed for AI Agent scenarios, with support for integration through external tools such as QoderWork. | 2026-06-16 |
May 2026
Parameter | Description | Release date | Related documentation |
PolarDB Agent LakeBase | PolarDB Agent LakeBase provides a persistent workspace infrastructure for running AI agents at scale. It supports on-demand start and stop for millions of agents and allows recovery from snapshots in seconds. | 2026-05-25 | |
AutoETL monitoring and alerting | AutoETL now supports real-time monitoring and exception alerting for ETL jobs. | 2026-05-25 | |
PolarSearch tokenization and dictionary management | PolarSearch enhances its full-text search with new features, including IK and Ansj tokenizer plug-ins, dictionary management, and configurations for synonyms and stop words. | 2026-05-25 | |
Enterprise SaaS service | The enterprise SaaS service now supports WeCom authentication for sign-in. | 2026-05-25 |
April 2026
Parameter | Description | Release date | Related documentation |
PolarDB Agent Express | PolarDB Agent Express now supports channels for WeCom and QQ. After you configure the bot channels for your applications, you can use the conversational AI of PolarDB Agent Express directly in WeCom and QQ. | 2026-04-16 | |
PolarSearch | PolarSearch now offers versions 1.x and 3.x, which are built on different OpenSearch kernels. When adding a search node, you need to choose between version 1.x and 3.x based on your long-term business plans and tolerance for code refactoring. | 2026-04-08 |
March 2026
Parameter | Description | Release date | Related documentation |
PolarDB Agent Express | PolarDB Agent Express is an enterprise PaaS service built on the open-source AI assistant OpenClaw. It addresses common enterprise challenges in deploying AI assistants, such as complex O&M, high security, and compliance requirements, and difficulties in integrating with internal data and systems. It is fully compatible with the OpenClaw ecosystem and provides a range of enterprise-grade enhancements, making it suitable for production environments. | 2026-03-09 | |
PolarDB for AI | PolarDB for AI introduces the Polar Agent Memory engine for long-term memory. It uses a dual-model storage system that combines a vector database and a knowledge graph to persist key information from historical conversations. This information is automatically retrieved, updated, and correlated in subsequent sessions, enabling large models to maintain personalized, cross-sessional memory. | 2026-03-13 | |
PolarDB Agent LakeBase | Deploying AI agents at scale presents challenges like isolated data environments, insufficient governance, and fragmented context and skills. PolarDB Agent LakeBase provides a unified, enterprise-grade workspace foundation for AI agents. It consolidates capabilities like workspace management, snapshot versioning, intelligent memory, enterprise knowledge bases, security auditing, and skill management into a single platform, enabling centralized control over data, behavior, and costs. | 2026-03-17 | |
Global Database Network (GDN) | The basic edition of Global Database Network (GDN) can cause significant write latency on secondary clusters when primary-secondary clusters are deployed across regions separated by long physical distances. To address this issue, the multi-write edition of GDN introduces a table-level multi-write solution. This allows each sub-cluster to perform local writes to tables for which it has write permissions, effectively reducing cross-region write latency. | 2026-03-24 |
February 2026
Parameter | Description | Release date | Related documentation |
PolarSearch | You can now integrate external model services with PolarSearch. This feature also supports automatic vectorization and data synchronization from PolarDB for MySQL to PolarSearch. | 2026-02-04 | |
Cold Data Archiving |
| 2026-02-10 | |
PolarDB for AI | PolarDB for AI provides vector retrieval capabilities based on multimodal embeddings. You can perform text-driven semantic searches on uploaded media files in the PolarDB console and view the results with thumbnails. This eliminates the need to deploy a separate vector database or manage model services. | 2026-02-11 |
January 2026
Parameter | Description | Release date | Related documentation |
Long-term Memory Mem0 | Long-term Memory Mem0 is a managed service for building dedicated long-term memory for AI agents. It is 100% compatible with the open-source Mem0 system. By efficiently extracting, storing, and retrieving memories across multiple interactions, it enables agents to continuously learn and accumulate knowledge, helping you create truly intelligent and personalized AI applications. | 2026-01-28 | |
AI Node (VNode) | The AI Node (VNode) is a maintenance-free Serverless GPU solution that seamlessly integrates with your existing K8s clusters. You can deploy AI tasks to this resource pool just like regular applications, achieving high-speed, low-latency access to your database. | 2026-01-27 |
2025
December 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB AI Assistant | An intelligent O&M assistant for PolarDB for MySQL. Leveraging large language models and an expert knowledge base, it integrates three core capabilities: intelligent Q&A, smart diagnostics, and proactive awareness. | 2025-12-26 | |
PolarDB for AI | Data-Agent now supports a serverless billing model, which bills you based on the actual number of SQL calls. | 2025-12-29 |
November 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Global Database Network (GDN) | Global Database Network (GDN) leverages high-speed cross-border channels from China Unicom and Cloud Enterprise Network (CEN) to support adding cross-border secondary clusters. | 2025-11-04 | |
Ray application | Traditionally, running AI, machine learning, or large-scale data analytics tasks required moving data to external compute clusters, which adds architectural complexity, cost, and latency. PolarDB for MySQL now integrates Ray applications (also known as PolarDB Ray), enabling you to run these complex tasks directly within the database. By using the Python ecosystem and the Ray distributed computing framework, you can significantly improve data processing and AI inference efficiency while reducing costs. | 2025-11-06 | |
large model inference acceleration (PolarKVCache) | When running large language model (LLM) inference, you may encounter issues such as high response latency and insufficient concurrency because the KV cache consumes a large amount of GPU memory. PolarKVCache is an inference acceleration solution designed for these scenarios. Built on the PolarDB Distributed Memory Pool (DMP), it uses an innovative architecture to extend the KV cache from limited GPU memory to terabytes of distributed memory. This significantly reduces the time to first token (TTFT), increases throughput (TPS), and supports longer context processing without modifying your model. | 2025-11-13 | |
PolarDB three-layer decoupling (CXL) | PolarDB for MySQL introduces a three-layer decoupled architecture for compute, memory, and storage based on Compute Express Link (CXL). This architecture disaggregates the memory system by using PolarCXLMem, which directly connects high-performance memory pools to compute nodes. This supports loading CXL memory in seconds and expands the maximum memory of a single node to 8 TB. In the sysbench I/O-bound model, this architecture improves performance by over 100%. In addition, the proprietary PolarRecv technology, combined with the persistence of CXL memory, makes database crash recovery more than 40 times faster. The CXL-based memory pooling technology also applies to AI training and inference scenarios. | 2025-11-13 | |
document database compatibility | PolarDB for MySQL now offers high compatibility with document databases. This allows your applications to connect seamlessly by using standard document database drivers, such as PyMongo for Python, Mongoose for Node.js, and the official MongoDB driver for Go, without modifying your business code. | 2025-11-27 |
October 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
fully encrypted database | When the database proxy (Proxy) version is 2.9.12 or later, the fully encrypted database feature lets you independently configure encryption rules on the Settings and Management > Security > Encrypt page. | 2025-10-14 |
September 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
shared backup set | Traditionally, providing database backups to other teams or partners for data analysis, development, testing, or data migration involves complex and time-consuming data export and transfer. The shared backup set feature in PolarDB simplifies this process. Built on the Alibaba Cloud Resource Sharing service, this feature allows you to securely grant other Alibaba Cloud accounts access to specified backup sets. Recipients can then use the shared backup set to quickly restore data to a cluster in their own account. This significantly improves the efficiency and security of cross-account data collaboration. | 2025-09-23 |
August 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
edge cluster | To meet compliance requirements in specific regions or to deploy database services closer to end users to reduce network latency, PolarDB for MySQL introduces an edge cloud deployment model. This model lets you access high-performance, high-availability, cloud-native database services in more locations worldwide, providing an experience consistent with the public cloud. | 2025-08-06 |
July 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
column encryption | The new column encryption feature lets you encrypt data in specified columns at rest. When accessing the data, you can use a decryption function to retrieve the original data. This enhances data security. | 2025-07-04 |
May 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Storage class upgrade | The Cluster Edition of PolarDB Enterprise Edition now supports storage class upgrades from PSL4 to PSL5. | 2025-05-21 |
April 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
database and table restoration | The database and table restoration feature now lets you configure the restoration speed. The more IOPS you allocate, the faster the restoration. | 2025-04-01 | |
Orca data management | You can now manage Orca data using Data Management Service (DMS). | 2025-04-18 | |
Orca data migration | You can now migrate Orca data using Data Transmission Service (DTS). | 2025-04-18 |
March 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
global read-only account | Account Management now supports global read-only accounts. | 2025-03-31 |
February 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Data security and encryption | The disk encryption feature is now available for PolarDB for MySQL. | 2025-02-24 | |
intelligent search (PolarSearch) | [Invitational preview] intelligent search (PolarSearch) is a high-performance, distributed search and analytics engine developed by PolarDB based on OpenSearch. It is compatible with the Elasticsearch and OpenSearch ecosystems. You can directly use an API or SDK to perform millisecond-level full-text search, vector search, and intelligent analysis on multimodal data, such as text documents, image features, and logs. This eliminates the need to manually synchronize data from PolarDB to other search platforms. | 2025-02-25 |
January 2025
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB for AI | You can now add AI nodes on the PolarDB for MySQL purchase page. | 2025-01-16 | |
Enable serverless for fixed-specification clusters | You can now enable the serverless feature for PolarDB for MySQL fixed-specification clusters on the purchase page. | 2025-01-24 |
2024
November 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Enable I/O burst for ESSD AutoPL disks | The I/O burst feature is available for PolarDB for MySQL ESSD AutoPL disks. | 2024-11-04 | |
In-Memory Column Index (IMCI) | You can add read-only column store nodes on the buy page of PolarDB for MySQL. | 2024-11-15 |
October 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Temporarily add nodes | PolarDB for MySQL now supports temporarily adding nodes. | 2024-10-14 | |
Automatic query acceleration (AutoIndex) | PolarDB for MySQL now supports automatic, IMCI-based query acceleration. | 2024-10-21 | |
Change the performance of an ESSD | You can now change the specifications of an ESSD for PolarDB for MySQL. | 2024-10-28 |
September 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Serverless clusters support IMCI | Serverless clusters support the In-Memory Column Index (IMCI) feature. | 2024-09-27 |
August 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Integrate PolarDB for MySQL with a self-managed AD domain | You can connect PolarDB for MySQL clusters to an AD domain by using Kerberos authentication. | 2024-08-05 | |
[Invitational preview] PolarStore Elastic Memory Pool | The PolarStore Elastic Memory Pool (EMP) is in invitational preview. | 2024-08-09 | |
Parallel query for cold data | PolarDB for MySQL now supports parallel queries on cold data by using the ePQ (elastic parallel query) technology. | 2024-08-19 | |
OSS_FILE_FILTER query acceleration | PolarDB for MySQL supports query acceleration for cold data in OSS. | 2024-08-19 | |
Create a global domain name | You can now create global domain names for PolarDB for MySQL. | 2024-08-26 |
July 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Disaster recovery drill | You can use the disaster recovery drill feature to perform fault drills on PolarDB for MySQL clusters. | 2024-07-24 | |
Create custom temporary tables | You can now create temporary tables on read-only nodes in PolarDB for MySQL. | 2024-07-24 | |
Zero-ETL | The Zero-ETL feature for AnalyticDB for MySQL lets you create a data synchronization link from a AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster to an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster. This provides a one-stop solution for data synchronization and management and integrates transaction processing with data analytics. | 2024-07-25 | |
Maximum storage capacity of Enterprise Edition compute nodes updated | We have updated the maximum storage capacity for PolarDB for MySQL Enterprise Edition compute node specifications. | 2024-07-30 | |
Orca (Redis-compatible) | Orca, a new feature for PolarDB for MySQL, adds support for NoSQL (Redis protocol) scenarios. Now, a single PolarDB for MySQL cluster can handle both SQL and NoSQL workloads. | 2024-07-30 |
June 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Standard Edition | The Standard Edition of PolarDB for MySQL supports database engine version MySQL 8.0.2. | 2024-06-19 |
May 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Serverless | The Standard Edition of PolarDB for MySQL supports serverless clusters.
| 2024-5-8 | |
Serverless | The maximum number of read-only nodes for horizontally scaling a serverless cluster has increased from 8 to 15. In the serverless configuration, the maximum values for Minimum Number of Read-only Nodes and Maximum Number of Read-only Nodes are increased to 15. | 2024-5-9 | |
One-click upgrade | You can upgrade an RDS for MySQL instance to a PolarDB for MySQL serverless cluster with a single click. | 2024-5-10 | |
Major version upgrade | You can now upgrade a PolarDB for MySQL cluster to a serverless cluster running a later major version. | 2024-5-10 |
April 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Database and table restoration | We have optimized the database and table restoration feature, reducing restoration time to the source cluster by 30%. Data is now automatically synchronized to hot standby clusters and secondary clusters in a Global Database Network (GDN), which further shortens restoration time. | 2024-4-12 | |
Download backup files | You can now download backup files in CSV-with-header format. You can restore the downloaded backup files to a self-managed MySQL database. | 2024-4-17 | |
Convert storage billing methods | If you have a PolarDB Enterprise Edition cluster with a subscription-based compute plan, you can convert its storage billing method between pay-as-you-go (by capacity) and subscription (by space). | 2024-4-26 |
March 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Cold data archiving | We have changed the menu entry for enabling cold data archiving. | 2024-3-7 | |
Integrated data and cache solution | PolarDB for MySQL supports an integrated data and cache solution. This provides a complete database-plus-cache system for online business, ensuring strong data consistency. | 2024-3-12 In phased release | PolarDB for MySQL introduces an integrated data and cache solution |
Task management | To help you manage tasks for your PolarDB cluster, track the progress of long-running tasks such as cluster backups and recoveries, and improve the efficiency of cluster operations, PolarDB provides a task list where you can view the progress of current tasks and the details of historical tasks. | 2024-3-15 |
February 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Migration evaluation | To ensure a smooth migration, PolarDB now provides a migration evaluation feature. Before you start a one-click upgrade from RDS for MySQL to PolarDB for MySQL, you can pre-check prerequisites such as the instance status, migration task dependencies, and source instance properties. This helps you identify and resolve potential issues in advance, saving time and resources during the migration. | 2024-2-21 | |
Configure a database proxy | The Load Balancing Settings now include a Create Connections On Demand option. Note This option is available only when Load Balancing Policy is set to Active Request-based Load Balancing. | 2024-02-22 | |
Tenant management and resource isolation | The multi-tenant mode in PolarDB for MySQL lets multiple tenants share computing and storage resources within a single cluster while isolating each tenant's data and resources. Tenants can access only their own data. This prevents resource contention and ensures stable operations. | 2024-02-22 | |
PolarDB for AI | We have changed the menu entry for enabling PolarDB for AI. | 2024-02-27 | |
One-click upgrade from an RDS for MySQL instance that uses X-Engine to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster | You can upgrade an RDS for MySQL instance that uses the X-Engine storage engine to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster with a single click. | 2024-02-29 | One-click upgrade from an RDS for MySQL instance that uses X-Engine to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster |
January 2024
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Use RAM to control the configuration of encryption rules | You can now use RAM access policies to prevent DBAs or developers from tampering with encryption rules in PolarDB for MySQL. | 2024-01-08 | |
Configure a database proxy | We have added the Column store nodes handle OLTP requests. option to the HTAP Optimization settings for PolarDB for MySQL cluster endpoints. | 2024-01-15 | |
Vector search | PolarDB for AI introduces a vector search solution. It uses vectors from machine learning to represent items like text, images, and video. By capturing the semantic information of these items, this solution enables efficient and precise searches based on distance or similarity calculations. | 2024-01-16 | |
LLM-based NL2SQL | PolarDB for AI's new LLM-based NL2SQL (Natural Language-to-SQL) solution helps users unfamiliar with SQL retrieve and analyze data. It converts natural language questions into executable SQL statements. | 2024-01-16 |
2023
December 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Manual scale-in for storage space | PolarDB for MySQL now lets you manually scale in storage space from the console. | 2023-12-08 | |
Change to the retention period in the backup and recovery policy | The term Permanent Retention is now long-term retention in the documentation. | 2023-12-26 | |
Weight-based dynamic load balancing | PolarDB for MySQL supports configuring endpoint-level weights for each node in a cluster endpoint or custom endpoint. Endpoint-level weights take precedence over global DB-level weights. | 2023-12-28 |
November 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Name change for serverless and fixed-specification compute plans |
| November 28 | Notice on the name change of compute plans and serverless resource plans |
Download backup files | You can download backup files from a cluster backup set to your local computer in CSV, SQL, or Parquet format for other purposes, such as:
| November 24 Note
The backup file download feature is in canary release and will be rolled out gradually. | |
Multi-node parallel execution for In-Memory Column Index | The multi-node parallel execution feature for In-Memory Column Index (IMCI) distributes query processing across multiple read-only column store nodes. This feature is suitable for the following scenarios:
| November 6 | |
Manual switchover for secondary zones | You can manually change the secondary zone of a cluster. | November 1 |
October 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB Standard Edition supports ESSD AutoPL disks | PolarDB for MySQL Standard Edition now supports ESSD AutoPL disks. These disks decouple IOPS from capacity, allowing for flexible, on-demand configuration to reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO). | October 27 | |
PolarDB supports database and table restoration for up to 50,000 tables | You can use the database and table restoration feature even when the number of tables (including system tables) in a PolarDB cluster exceeds 50,000. | October 19 | |
PolarDB supports online switching of VPCs and vSwitches | PolarDB for MySQL Enterprise Edition supports flexible switching of the VPC and vSwitch for endpoints, including the primary endpoint, cluster endpoint, and custom endpoint. This feature allows you to migrate the endpoints of a PolarDB cluster to other VPCs and vSwitches. | October 17 |
September 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB supports connecting AI and database tables through AAT | In PolarDB for AI, you can generate a database table named PolarDB for AI Augmented Table (AAT) that contains columns with AI model inference results. AI-augmented tables can be used in various Data+AI scenarios to help you gain data insights and make informed decisions based on your business needs. | September 26 | |
Self-service unsubscription from compute plans or storage plans | PolarDB for MySQL supports self-service unsubscription from compute plans or storage plans in the console. | September 22 | Unsubscribe from a compute plan for defined specifications or a storage plan |
PolarDB for AI integrates with the Qwen-7B large model | PolarDB for AI is integrated with the Qwen-7B large model. As a built-in model of PolarDB, it is suitable for scenarios such as sentiment analysis, review generation, summarization, translation, and conversation. | September 21 | |
Serverless feature for column store nodes | PolarDB for MySQL supports enabling the serverless feature for read-only column store nodes. You can set a resource scaling range for read-only column store nodes with defined specifications to handle traffic spikes by temporarily scaling up resources. You can also create serverless read-only column store nodes, whose specifications scale elastically based on the business workload to save costs. | September 20 | Enable the serverless feature for a read-only column store node for IMCI |
The maximum storage space for Standard Edition is increased to 64,000 GB | The maximum storage space of PolarDB Standard Edition is increased to 64,000 GB. | September 19 | |
Serverless Compute Plan is available | Serverless Compute Plan is available to offset the cost of serverless computing resources. Both serverless clusters and Serverless Compute Plans are offered at a 50% discount. | September 11 | Serverless Compute Plan is available to offset the cost of serverless computing resources |
August 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Standard Edition storage supports auto-scaling | PolarDB Standard Edition supports expanding the maximum storage space by using automatic scaling. | 2023-08-31 | |
Intelligent stress testing for major version upgrades | Database Autonomy Service (DAS) provides an intelligent stress testing feature. Before a major version upgrade, you can use this feature to simulate your business traffic on a PolarDB instance running the target version. This helps you:
| 2023-08-31 | |
New entry-level specifications: 1-core 1 GB and 1-core 2 GB | The Standard Edition introduces new 1-core 1 GB and 1-core 2 GB entry-level specifications. Subscription compute nodes start at only CNY 11/month and CNY 18/month, respectively. These options allow you to use the full feature set of the Standard Edition at a low cost and quickly get started with your cloud database experience. | 2023-08-22 | PolarDB Standard Edition introduces 1-core 1 GB and 1-core 2 GB entry-level specifications |
New items covered by storage plans | Storage plans now offset the costs of level-2 backups, log backups, cold data storage, and PL0 disk storage usage. Some deduction factors are also adjusted. | 2023-08-17 | |
Pricing Calculator and Resource Plan Calculator are available | PolarDB has released the Resource Plan Calculator and Pricing Calculator to help you understand product prices, estimate costs, and select the right product. Resource Plan Calculator: Estimates the required computing and storage capacity based on your business needs and usage duration, and then recommends the appropriate storage plan and compute plan specifications. Pricing Calculator: Estimates the overall cost based on your selected cluster details and storage size. | 2023-08-16 | None |
July 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Price reduction for SQL Explorer and Audit | A new version of SQL Explorer and Audit is now available. It uses a new underlying storage architecture and tiered storage for hot and cold data, which reduces the cost of using the SQL Explorer and Audit feature by 17% to 83%. | 2023-07-24 | Notice on price changes (reduction) for SQL Explorer and Audit |
June 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New entry point to enable binary logging | To enable binary logging, click Enable Binary Logging on the Basic Information page of your cluster. | 2023-06-09 |
May 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
The Standard Edition of PolarDB for MySQL introduces the YiTian ARM architecture | The Standard Edition of PolarDB for MySQL introduces the YiTian ARM architecture. It offers the same experience as the existing X86 architecture but with higher cost-effectiveness, helping enterprises reduce costs and improve efficiency. | 2023-05-26 |
April 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Serverless feature for clusters with defined specifications | You can enable the serverless feature on a purchased cluster with defined specifications. | 2023-04-14 |
February 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Enable X-Engine | You can enable X-Engine on a PolarDB for MySQL cluster and use the ALTER statement to convert tables from the InnoDB engine to the X-Engine. This dual-engine (InnoDB and X-Engine) hybrid deployment mode allows you to compress and store cold data in X-Engine, saving up to 70% on storage costs without affecting the use of the InnoDB engine. | 2023-02-06 | |
New edition: Standard Edition | PolarDB for MySQL Standard Edition is a new type of database cluster launched by PolarDB. It uses Alibaba Cloud's new generation of high-performance, low-cost computing and storage infrastructure, allowing you to use the core capabilities of PolarDB at a lower cost. | 2023-02-03 |
January 2023
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Use Database Backup Service (DBS) for logical backups | You can now use Database Backup Service (DBS) to perform logical backups of your PolarDB for MySQL cluster. | 2023-01-31 | Backup method 3: Use Database Backup Service (DBS) for logical backups |
New feature: PolarDB for AI | PolarDB for AI is an in-database distributed machine learning component built on PolarDB for MySQL. Based on a cloud-native architecture, it provides a series of MLOps capabilities through SQL statements, including model creation, training, status viewing, model listing, and model inference. PolarDB for AI also provides a range of built-in machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms, such as classification, regression, and clustering algorithms. | 2023-01-10 | |
New feature: connection diagnostics | The connection diagnostics feature for PolarDB for MySQL checks whether an ECS instance or an IP address can access the database. | 2023-01-10 |
2022
December 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New feature: advanced monitoring | The advanced monitoring feature of PolarDB for MySQL provides extensive performance monitoring metrics, supports custom charts, and offers powerful diagnostic capabilities. It promptly detects and automatically diagnoses events in a database cluster, providing root cause analysis and recommendations. It also supports manual diagnosis for user-selected time periods. | 2022-12-29 | |
New feature: Performance Insight (New Version) | This one-click diagnosis feature for PolarDB for MySQL integrates capabilities from Database Autonomy Service (DAS). It uses the | 2022-12-26 | |
New feature: cold data archiving | PolarDB for MySQL supports archiving infrequently used cold data to OSS to reduce data storage costs. You can archive data in CSV or ORC format or create a DLM policy on a read/write node to automatically archive cold data. | 2022-12-16 |
November 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New feature: cluster lock | Enabling the cluster lock prevents accidental cluster deletion resulting from operational errors or team miscommunication. | 2022-11-20 | |
New feature: global read-only node | In a Multi-master Cluster (Limitless) Edition cluster, you can add a global read-only node to read data from all read/write nodes in the cluster. This lets you process cross-node aggregation queries without configuring data synchronization or deploying separate cluster resources for data aggregation, which effectively reduces costs. | 2022-11-18 | |
New feature: serverless cluster | The serverless cluster provides real-time elasticity for CPU, memory, storage, and network resources, introducing a new type of PolarDB for MySQL cluster based on a decoupled compute and storage architecture. | 2022-11-09 |
October 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Version management enhancement | PolarDB for MySQL supports major version upgrades. | 2022-10-17 |
September 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New feature: global IP whitelist | You can create custom IP whitelist templates and associate clusters with an IP whitelist template. This simplifies management, as you only need to update a single template to apply settings to all linked clusters. | 2022-09-26 |
August 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Optional Hot Standby Cluster | You can enable or disable the Hot Standby Cluster feature. | 2022-08-24 |
July 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New feature: Elastic Parallel Query (ePQ) | Elastic Parallel Query distributes the compute tasks of analytical queries across any node in the cluster. This improves resource utilization and significantly enhances overall database query performance. | 2022-07-27 | |
Enhancements to one-click upgrade |
| 2022-07-25 | One-click upgrade of an RDS for MySQL instance to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster |
One-click clone supports DTS migration | The one-click clone feature now uses Data Transmission Service (DTS) to synchronize the database schema and full data from a source RDS for MySQL instance to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster. | 2022-07-22 | Clone an RDS for MySQL instance to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster with one click |
New feature: PolarDB for AI | PolarDB for AI is a distributed in-database machine learning component based on PolarDB for MySQL. It is built on a cloud-native architecture and provides MLOps capabilities through SQL statements, including model creation, training, status viewing, listing, and inference. PolarDB for AI also includes built-in machine learning algorithms for classification, regression, and clustering. | 2022-07-08 |
June 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New storage type: PSL4 (PolarStore Level 4) | PSL4 is a new storage type introduced by PolarDB. It uses Alibaba's self-developed Smart-SSD technology to compress and decompress stored data at the physical SSD level. This lowers per-unit storage costs with a manageable impact on performance. | 2022-06-21 | |
New feature: cross-region backup | PolarDB's cross-region backup feature allows you to back up data to another region for compliance or disaster recovery purposes. You can enable the cross-region backup feature by configuring a backup policy. | 2022-06-17 | |
New feature: SQL firewall | The database proxy of PolarDB includes an SQL firewall. This feature uses blacklist and whitelist rules to filter SQL statements. | 2022-06-13 |
May 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New feature: In-Memory Column Index (IMCI) | In-Memory Column Index (IMCI) is designed for complex queries on large volumes of data in OLAP scenarios. With IMCI, PolarDB for MySQL delivers integrated capabilities for real-time transaction processing and real-time data analysis, providing an all-in-one HTAP database solution. This allows a single database system to serve both OLTP and OLAP workloads. | 2022-05-27 |
April 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Separate specification changes for primary and read-only nodes | A PolarDB cluster allows you to independently change the specifications of the primary node and read-only nodes. This means the specifications of read-only nodes can be different from those of the primary node. | 2022-04-22 | |
New feature: high-performance parameter template | PolarDB for MySQL 8.0, version 8.0.1.1.21 and later, supports high-performance parameter templates. You can apply a high-performance parameter template to a target cluster or further configure cluster parameters based on the template. Applying this template typically improves database performance. | 2022-04-21 | |
New feature: failover with hot standby | After you enable the hot standby feature for a read-only node in a cluster, the cluster provides fast failover and connection persistence during a primary node switchover. | 2022-04-13 |
March 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Specification upgrades for database proxy | The upgrade plans for the Enterprise Edition of database proxy are as follows:
| 2022-03-10 | |
Node parameter configuration | PolarDB allows you to configure parameters for each node in a cluster individually, based on your business requirements. | 2022-03-03 |
February 2022
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Cluster Edition with general-purpose specifications supports 32-core 128 GB specifications | Cluster Edition with general-purpose specifications now supports a 32-core, 128 GB option. | 2022-02-18 | |
New product line: Multi-master Cluster (Limitless) Edition | The Multi-master Cluster (Limitless) Edition upgrades the architecture from a single-writer, multiple-reader model to a multiple-writer, multiple-reader model. It is designed for high-concurrency read/write workloads, such as multi-tenant applications, games, and e-commerce platforms. It supports concurrent writes to different databases on different compute nodes and allows dynamic scheduling of databases across nodes, with switchovers completed in seconds. This significantly increases the cluster's overall concurrent read and write capacity. | 2022-02-11 |
2021
December 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Database proxy upgraded to PolarProxy Enterprise Edition | PolarProxy Enterprise Edition is available in two versions: Standard Enterprise Edition and Dedicated Enterprise Edition.
Unlike the previous free version, PolarProxy Enterprise Edition offers more advanced features, such as a multi-master architecture, second-level elastic scaling of compute nodes, and proxy-based traffic throttling. Note PolarProxy Enterprise Edition is currently available free of charge. | 2021-12-09 | |
New product series: X-Engine | X-Engine, built on the Archive Database, uses shared storage to provide a single-write, multiple-read architecture. A cluster has one read/write primary node and at least one read-only node. The multi-node architecture of X-Engine builds on the advantages of the Archive Database while also ensuring high availability (HA). If a system failure occurs, an automatic failover between the primary and read-only nodes maintains a service availability of at least 99.99%. | 2021-12-01 |
November 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Flashback query | The flashback query feature lets you efficiently query information from an instance, database, or table at a specific point in time. | 2021-11-11 | |
Auto scaling for subscription clusters | Subscription-based PolarDB for MySQL clusters support automatic scale-out and scale-in. | 2021-11-05 |
October 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Thread Pool control parameters added to parameter templates | Starting with version 8.0.1.1.9, PolarDB for MySQL 8.0 includes several new Thread Pool control parameters, including bypass_thread_pool_ips and bypass_thread_pool_check_ignore_proxy. | 2021-10-25 |
August 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New parameter: polar_replica_work_on_nonblock_mdl_mode | PolarDB supports the polar_replica_work_on_nonblock_mdl_mode parameter, which, when enabled, prevents long-running transactions on PolarDB read-only nodes from blocking DDL operations on the primary node. | 2021-08-26 | Prevent long-running transactions on read-only nodes from blocking DDL operations |
Scheduled events | For scheduled O&M events like software upgrades and hardware maintenance, PolarDB now sends notifications to the console, in addition to existing alerts via text message, voice call, email, or internal message. In the Scheduled Events section of the console, you can view event details such as the event type, task ID, cluster name, and switchover time. You can also manually change the switchover time. | 2021-08-06 |
July 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Changes to cluster specifications in a GDN | Clusters in a Global Database Network (GDN) no longer support 2-core specifications. | 2021-07-02 | |
New database and table restoration feature for MySQL 5.7 | Starting from version 5.7.1.0.8, PolarDB for MySQL 5.7 supports database and table restoration from a backup set or to a specific point in time. | 2021-07-02 | Method 1: Restore from a backup set and Method 2: Restore to a point in time |
June 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
TDE supports automatic encryption for new tables | PolarDB for MySQL 8.0 (version 8.0.1.1.15 and later) automatically encrypts all new tables. | 2021-06-15 |
May 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Automatic SSL certificate rotation | When you enable automatic certificate rotation, PolarDB renews the certificate during the cluster's maintenance window and within 10 days before it expires. | 2021-05-28 |
March 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Parameter templates for batch management | Parameter templates allow you to manage parameters for multiple database clusters in batches and quickly apply the templates to your PolarDB clusters. | 2021-03-09 | |
Enhanced backup for faster data restoration | The PolarDB enhanced backup feature provides extra protection for backups created within the last 24 hours. You can choose to run an enhanced backup every 2, 3, or 4 hours, as your business requires. | 2021-03-09 | |
Compute nodes now support general-purpose specifications | The Cluster Edition of PolarDB for MySQL now supports general-purpose specifications. This allows different clusters on the same server to fully utilize each other's idle computing resources, such as CPU. Resource sharing provides economies of scale and is more cost-effective. | 2021-03-02 |
February 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
MySQL 5.7 now supports instant add column and Statement Queue | Starting with version 5.7.1.0.6, PolarDB for MySQL 5.7 supports two features: instant add column, which lets you quickly add columns to large tables, and Statement Queue, which reduces conflict overhead to improve database performance. | 2021-02-09 | |
Faster data restoration | Thanks to multi-threading and other optimizations, you can now restore a new PolarDB cluster from a backup set (snapshot) in under 10 minutes. | 2021-02-09 |
January 2021
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Archive Database is commercially available | The PolarDB Archive Database uses X-Engine and can reduce storage costs by up to 70%. It is ideal for workloads that have low compute requirements but need to store archived data, such as DingTalk messages. The PolarDB Archive Database is highly compatible with MySQL and supports up to 200 TB of storage. | 2021-01-13 | |
Scheduled cluster upgrades and node additions | You can schedule cluster upgrades or node additions to run during off-peak hours within the next 24 hours. This reduces the impact of brief connection interruptions on your services. | 2021-01-12 |
2020
December 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Increased storage capacity for specific node specifications | The maximum storage capacity for PolarDB for MySQL is increased to 20 TB for nodes with 8 cores and 32 GB of memory, and to 100 TB for nodes with 16 cores/128 GB, 32 cores/256 GB, and 64 cores/512 GB. | 2020-12-24 | |
PolarDB console supports task progress bars | Click the | 2020-12-03 | None |
MySQL 5.6 supports database and table restoration | The database and table restoration feature is now available for PolarDB for MySQL 5.6. | 2020-12-01 | |
MySQL 5.6 supports transparent data encryption (TDE) | Transparent data encryption (TDE) is now available for PolarDB for MySQL 5.6. | 2020-12-01 |
icon in the upper-right corner of the November 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Storage plans now cover level-1 backup fees | Storage plans now cover storage usage in PolarDB clusters and level-1 backup storage that exceeds the free quota. | 2020-11-27 |
October 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
MySQL 8.0.2 is available in public preview | This release introduces the public preview of PolarDB for MySQL 8.0.2. | 2020-10-26 |
September 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New node specification: 64 cores and 512 GB of memory | A new node specification with 64 cores and 512 GB of memory is now available for PolarDB. | 2020-09-25 | |
Compute plans | PolarDB for MySQL now offers compute plans. For best results, use them with the Database Autonomy Service (DAS) auto-scaling feature to handle traffic fluctuations. | 2020-09-25 | |
Single-node cost-effective cluster edition | PolarDB for MySQL now offers a cost-effective, single-node cluster edition. | 2020-09-25 |
August 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Service launch in China (Qingdao) | PolarDB for MySQL is now available in the China (Qingdao) region. | 2020-08-21 | |
MySQL 5.7 is commercially available | PolarDB for MySQL 5.7 is now commercially available. Users who used PolarDB for MySQL 5.7 during the public preview can now purchase it for production environments. | 2020-08-21 | |
Service launch in UK (London) | PolarDB for MySQL is now available in the UK (London) region. | 2020-08-15 |
July 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Support for case-sensitive table names, time zone settings, and data protection policies for cluster deletion | When you create a PolarDB for MySQL cluster, you can now specify whether table names are case-sensitive, set the cluster time zone, and configure a data protection policy for cluster deletion. | 2020-07-29 | |
Add multiple read-only nodes at once on the Change Configurations page | You can now add multiple read-only nodes to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster at once. This process takes about 5 minutes. | 2020-07-28 | |
MySQL 5.7 is available in public preview | PolarDB for MySQL 5.7 is now available in public preview. | 2020-07-28 | |
Global Database Network supports global read/write splitting | All cluster endpoints in a PolarDB for MySQL Global Database Network support both read and write operations. The system sends read requests to the local secondary cluster and automatically forwards write requests to the primary cluster in the central region. | 2020-07-01 |
June 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Upgrade with endpoint switch | You can upgrade an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a PolarDB for MySQL cluster and keep the original RDS endpoint. This eliminates the need to modify your application configurations or code. | 2020-06-10 | |
Service Level Agreement | Technical upgrades have significantly improved the availability of the cloud-native database PolarDB, increasing the service level agreement (SLA) from 99.95% to 99.99%. | 2020-06-02 |
May 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Backup feature upgrade | The PolarDB backup feature now includes advanced configurations to meet enterprise-level data backup requirements and enhance data security. | 2020-05-12 | |
Commercialization of the backup feature | PolarDB now charges for backup and log file storage that exceeds the free quota. | 2020-05-12 |
April 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Service launch in Japan (Tokyo) | PolarDB for MySQL, , and are now available in the Japan (Tokyo) region. | 2020-04-30 | |
Service launch in China (Chengdu) | PolarDB for MySQL is now available in the China (Chengdu) region. | 2020-04-13 |
March 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Service launch in US East (Virginia) | PolarDB for MySQL 5.6 and 8.0 are now available in the US East (Virginia) region. | 2020-03-09 | |
Global consistency | The cluster endpoints of PolarDB for MySQL now support global consistency. This feature ensures data consistency for read operations, even during replication delays. | 2020-03-03 |
February 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
SSL encryption | The primary endpoint of PolarDB for MySQL supports SSL encryption. SSL encrypts network connectivity at the transport layer to improve data security and integrity. However, it increases the response time of network connections. You can enable SSL encryption as needed. | 2020-02-11 | |
Offload reads from the primary node | PolarDB for MySQL now provides a feature that offloads read requests from the primary node by sending SQL queries to read-only nodes. This reduces the load on the primary node and ensures its stability, while maintaining data consistency. | 2020-02-07 |
January 2020
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New alert rules | CloudMonitor now offers new alert rules for "ApsaraDB PolarDB for MySQL (New)". These new rules support more alert metrics and improve the alert notification process. For a better notification experience, we recommend that you use the new alert rules. | 2020-01-09 |
2019
November 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
New regions supported for diagnostics and optimization | The diagnostics and optimization feature for PolarDB for MySQL is now available in the US (Silicon Valley) and Germany (Frankfurt) regions. The diagnostics and optimization feature includes the following:
| 2019-11-19 | |
Service launched in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) | PolarDB for MySQL versions 5.6 and 8.0 are now available in the Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) region. | 2019-11-14 | |
Support for availability zone migration | PolarDB for MySQL now supports changing the primary availability zone. You can use this feature to migrate the compute nodes of a database cluster to another availability zone. This is useful for disaster recovery or for placing compute nodes closer to ECS instances to reduce latency. | 2019-11-13 |
October 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Performance monitoring API |
| 2019-10-21 | |
Storage plans available on New Retail Cloud (Jushita) | Storage plans are available in nine specifications, ranging from 100 GB to 100 TB. You can upgrade the capacity at any time.
| 2019-10-16 | |
Support for setting node failover priority | PolarDB now supports setting the failover priority for nodes. The default priority of each node is 1, but you can change it to any integer from 1 to 15. This change takes effect in real time without impacting database services. | 2019-10-14 | None |
Failover (primary/secondary failover) | PolarDB now supports planned failover (primary/secondary failover), allowing you to switch the primary node to a specified read-only node. | 2019-10-14 |
September 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB for MySQL 8.0 is now commercially available | This version provides native support for parallel query, which improves performance by up to 10 times in some scenarios. It also supports adding columns quickly without locking tables, which greatly reduces the impact on business stability. Additionally, this version enhances some NoSQL features, simplifies the use of the JSON data type, and adds advanced SQL features such as window functions. | 2019-09-12 |
August 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Performance Insight | PolarDB introduces the Performance Insight feature. It helps you quickly evaluate database loads, identify the root causes of performance issues, and improve database stability. | 2019-08-27 |
July 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB API |
| 2019-07-31 | |
Storage plan | PolarDB now offers subscription-based storage plans. The plans are available in nine specifications from 100 GB to 100 TB and can be upgraded at any time. Compared with the pay-as-you-go option, subscription-based storage plans offer discounts that increase with the purchased capacity. | 2019-07-30 | |
Database management | The table name length limits are now the same as those of open source MySQL.
| 2019-07-12 | |
Parallel query | PolarDB for MySQL 8.0 introduces the parallel query framework. When the amount of data in your query reaches a specific threshold, the parallel query framework is automatically triggered. Parallel query uses the parallel processing capabilities of multi-core CPUs to significantly improve query efficiency. | 2019-07-01 |
June 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Batch purchase | PolarDB now supports batch purchases, allowing you to create up to 50 clusters in a single operation. | 2019-06-20 | |
Multi-zone deployment | PolarDB supports multi-zone deployment to meet data center-level disaster recovery requirements. PolarDB uses a compute-storage separation architecture. When you purchase a cluster, you can select the availability zone where the compute nodes reside (primary zone), and the underlying data is automatically distributed across multiple availability zones. In addition, PolarDB reserves sufficient computing resources in a secondary zone for disaster recovery failover if the primary zone fails. You can view the availability zones where data is distributed on the cluster details page in the console. | 2019-06-17 | |
One-click upgrade from RDS for MySQL to PolarDB | When you create a PolarDB cluster, in addition to creating a completely new PolarDB cluster, Alibaba Cloud provides the following two methods:
| 2019-06-12 |
May 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Cross-database query | Supports cross-database queries with other databases. | 2019-05-30 | |
PolarDB API |
| 2019-05-10 | |
Custom cluster endpoint | PolarDB for MySQL introduces custom cluster endpoints. You can specify which nodes provide services. You can also create multiple cluster endpoints and route them to different nodes for resource isolation or dedicated access. | 2019-05-06 |
April 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Adds eight new performance monitoring metrics, including IOPS | PolarDB adds monitoring metrics for IOPS, I/O throughput, Redo log size, and binary log size to assist in troubleshooting performance and space issues. | 2019-04-11 |
March 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Tag Management | PolarDB supports tag-based management for PolarDB resources, which includes adding tags to and deleting tags from PolarDB resources. This feature is currently available only through OpenAPI and SDKs. | 2019-03-12 |
January 2019
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
Support for enabling binary logging | PolarDB now supports enabling binary logging for better integration with the MySQL ecosystem. You can manually enable this feature by setting the cluster parameter ( | 2019-01-15 |
2018
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
OpenAPI support | OpenAPI is available for operations such as creating and deleting clusters, managing endpoints, managing accounts and databases, and managing parameters. You can also manage your PolarDB clusters by using the Alibaba Cloud CLI or the web-based command-line tool CloudShell. | 2018-12-28 | |
SQL Explorer | Identify potential security and performance threats by collecting and analyzing raw SQL logs from your database.
| 2018-12-21 | |
Default cluster endpoint and support for session-level read consistency | A PolarDB cluster provides a cluster endpoint by default for connecting to all nodes. The endpoint supports read/write splitting. Write requests are automatically sent to the primary node, while read requests are routed to either the primary node or a read-only node based on the current load. To ensure query consistency during replication delays, PolarDB provides session-level read consistency. | 2018-12-20 | |
Monitoring and alerts | The cloud-native database PolarDB integrates with CloudMonitor to provide monitoring and alerts. In CloudMonitor, you can configure monitoring and set alerts for PolarDB database metrics, such as CPU, memory, connections, and network bandwidth. | 2018-10-26 | |
Account and database management | You can create and delete databases and accounts in the console. You can also manage account permissions and reset accounts. | 2018-10-19 | |
Point-in-time recovery | You can recover data to a specific point in time by creating a new cluster. | 2018-08-13 | Method 2 for database and table recovery: Restore to a point in time |
Snapshot backup and recovery | You can create snapshot backups either automatically or manually. You can then restore data by creating a new cluster from a snapshot backup.
| 2018-08-13 | |
Manual node restart | You can manually restart nodes in a PolarDB cluster, such as the primary node and read-only nodes. | 2018-07-31 | |
Full migration | PolarDB integrates with DTS to support full migration from RDS (MySQL) to PolarDB. | 2018-07-13 | |
Read/write splitting | PolarDB supports connecting to a PolarDB cluster through a read/write splitting endpoint. The endpoint automatically routes read and write requests and provides adaptive load balancing for concurrent requests. | 2018-07-07 | |
Pay-as-you-go billing method | PolarDB now supports pay-as-you-go for all specifications. This includes new purchases, upgrades, downgrades, adding read-only nodes, removing read-only nodes, and converting from pay-as-you-go to subscription. | 2018-06-25 | |
Online specification change | PolarDB supports online upgrades for compute node specifications. | 2018-05-25 | |
Online addition and removal of read-only nodes | PolarDB supports adding or removing read-only nodes online. | 2018-05-25 | |
All PolarDB specifications available for purchase | More specifications are now available for the cloud-native database PolarDB. In addition to the existing 16-core 128 GB and 32-core 220 GB options, you can now select 2-core 4 GB, 2-core 16 GB, 4-core 32 GB, and 8-core 64 GB. | 2018-05-24 | |
Commercial launch of PolarDB | The cloud-native database PolarDB is Alibaba Cloud's relational cloud database designed for high-throughput online transaction processing (OLTP). It combines the stability, reliability, high performance, and scalability of commercial databases with the simplicity and openness of open-source databases.
| 2018-03-27 |
2017
Feature | Description | Release date | References |
PolarDB (public preview) launch | PolarDB is a fully managed database service, 100% compatible with MySQL, that delivers high performance for online transaction processing (OLTP). PolarDB combines the stability, high availability, and scalability of commercial databases with the simplicity and low cost of open-source databases.
| 2017-09-26 |