This topic provides examples of how to receive messages in popular programming languages. You can download the required software development kit (SDK) packages to pull messages from a queue.
Downloads
Note
The SDK download links provide the Alibaba Cloud Communications SDK core library for each supported language and the dybaseapi package. The dybaseapi package is used to pull messages from a queue. For languages other than Java and Node.js, you must also install the Alibaba Cloud V2 SDK separately.
Language | SDK download link |
Java | |
Node.js | |
.NET/C# |
|
Python |
|
Go |
|
PHP |
|
Notes
When you use the sample demos, note the following points. The examples use Java, but the notes also apply to demos in other languages.
Configure the AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret.
To prevent your AccessKey pair from being leaked, do not hard-code it in your code. Instead, configure environment variables to obtain the AccessKey pair. For more information, see Configure environment variables on Linux, macOS, and Windows.
This topic uses the environment variable names
ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_IDandALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRETas examples. The following sample code shows how to obtain an AccessKey pair from environment variables:String accessKeyId = System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"); String accessKeySecret = System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET");Replace
messageTypewith the required message type, such as SmsReport for receiving status reports for text messages sent to the Chinese mainland. For more information about the delivery receipt message types that Short Message Service supports, see Configure delivery receipts.String messageType="messageType";queueNameis the name of the queue. For example, if you are receiving status reports, you can view the queue name on the page.String queueName="queueName";In the Java sample code, the
dealMessagemethod processes the mobile originated message content. You can add your business logic for the message content to this method. Theargparameter represents the delivery receipt body parameters. Valid values include start_time, end_time, duration, and status_code. You can set the parameters as needed for your scenario.// Parse the message body based on the specific message format in the documentation. String arg = (String) contentMap.get("arg"); // Add your business logic.
Sample demos
Java demo
package com.alicom.mns.sample;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import com.alicom.mns.tools.DefaultAlicomMessagePuller;
import com.alicom.mns.tools.MessageListener;
import com.aliyun.mns.model.Message;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
* This can only be used to receive messages from Alibaba Cloud Communications, not from other services.
* Demo for receiving Short Message Service (SMS) mobile originated messages.
*/
public class ReceiveDemo {
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ReceiveDemo.class.getName());
static class MyMessageListener implements MessageListener {
private Gson gson = new Gson();
@Override
public boolean dealMessage(Message message) {
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
// Key message values
System.out.println("message receiver time from mns:" + format.format(new Date()));
System.out.println("message handle: " + message.getReceiptHandle());
System.out.println("message body: " + message.getMessageBodyAsString());
System.out.println("message id: " + message.getMessageId());
System.out.println("message dequeue count:" + message.getDequeueCount());
System.out.println("Thread:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
try {
Map<String, Object> contentMap = gson.fromJson(message.getMessageBodyAsString(), HashMap.class);
// TODO: Parse the message body based on the specific message format in the documentation.
String arg = (String) contentMap.get("arg");
// TODO: Add your business logic here.
} catch (com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException e) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "error_json_format:" + message.getMessageBodyAsString(), e);
// In theory, format errors should not occur. If a message has a format error, delete it. Otherwise, redelivery attempts will also fail.
return true;
} catch (Throwable e) {
// If an exception is caused by your code, return false. This prevents the message from being deleted and allows it to be redelivered based on the retry policy.
return false;
}
// If the message is processed successfully, return true. The SDK will then call the MNS delete method to delete the message from the queue.
return true;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, ParseException {
DefaultAlicomMessagePuller puller = new DefaultAlicomMessagePuller();
// Set the asynchronous thread pool size, the task queue size, and the thread hibernation time for when there is no data.
puller.setConsumeMinThreadSize(6);
puller.setConsumeMaxThreadSize(16);
puller.setThreadQueueSize(200);
puller.setPullMsgThreadSize(1);
// Enable this for joint debugging with the server-side. Keep it disabled during normal operation because it affects performance.
puller.openDebugLog(false);
// TODO: Obtain the AccessKey information from the operating system.
String accessKeyId=System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID");
String accessKeySecret=System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET");
/*
* TODO: Replace messageType and queueName with your message type and the corresponding queue name.
* For all delivery receipt message types supported by Short Message Service, see the following URL:
* https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102038.html
*/
// Replace this with the message type of the corresponding product.
String messageType = "messageType";
// After you enable the message service for the business in the Alibaba Cloud Communications console, you can obtain the corresponding queueName from the page. The format is similar to Alicom-Queue-******-SmsReport.
String queueName = "queueName";
puller.startReceiveMsg(accessKeyId, accessKeySecret, messageType, queueName, new MyMessageListener());
}
}Python demo
import os
import time
from alibabacloud_tea_util import models as util_models
from alibabacloud_tea_openapi import models as open_api_models
from alibabacloud_dybaseapi20170525.client import Client as OpenApiClient
from alibabacloud_dybaseapi20170525.models import QueryTokenForMnsQueueRequest
from datetime import datetime
from mns.account import Account
from mns.queue import *
from mns.mns_exception import *
try:
import json
except ImportError:
import simplejson as json
# TODO: Replace this with the message type you want to receive.
# For all delivery receipt message types supported by Short Message Service, see the following URL:
# https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102038.html
message_type = "SmsReport"
# TODO: Replace this with your queue name. After you enable the message service for the business in the Alibaba Cloud Communications console, you can obtain the corresponding queue_name from the page.
queue_name = f"Alicom-Queue-******-SmsReport"
# This is the fixed endpoint for Alibaba Cloud Communications. Do not change it.
endpoint = f"https://1943695596114318.mns.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
config = open_api_models.Config(
access_key_id=os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
access_key_secret=os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']
)
# Set the endpoint.
config.endpoint = f'dybaseapi.aliyuncs.com'
client = OpenApiClient(config)
# The Alibaba Cloud Communications service token has an expiration time and must be dynamically updated.
class Token():
def __init__(self):
self.token = None
self.tmp_access_id = None
self.tmp_access_key = None
self.expire_time = None
def is_refresh(self):
if self.expire_time is None:
return 1
# Compare the expiration time with the current system time. Refresh the token 2 minutes in advance.
now = datetime.now()
expire = datetime.strptime(self.expire_time, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
if expire <= now or (expire - now).seconds < 120:
return 1
return 0
def refresh(self):
print("start refresh token...")
request = QueryTokenForMnsQueueRequest()
request.message_type = message_type
request.queue_name = queue_name
runtime = util_models.RuntimeOptions()
response = client.query_token_for_mns_queue_with_options(request, runtime)
# print response
if response is None:
raise Exception("GET_TOKEN_FAIL", "No response was received when getting the token.")
response_body = response.body
if response_body.code != "OK":
raise Exception("GET_TOKEN_FAIL", "Failed to get the token.")
sts_token = response_body.message_token_dto
self.tmp_access_key = sts_token.access_key_secret
self.tmp_access_id = sts_token.access_key_id
self.expire_time = sts_token.expire_time
self.token = sts_token.security_token
print("finish refresh token...")
# Initialize token, my_account, and my_queue.
token, my_account, my_queue = Token(), None, None
# Loop to read and delete messages until the queue is empty.
# The receive message request uses long polling. The wait_seconds parameter specifies a long polling period of 3 seconds.
# Long polling details:
## If the queue contains messages, the request returns immediately.
## If the queue is empty, the request hangs on the MNS server for 3 seconds. If a message is written to the queue during this period, the request returns the message immediately. After 3 seconds, the request returns to indicate that the queue is empty.
wait_seconds = 3
print("%sReceive And Delete Message From Queue%s\nQueueName:%s\nWaitSeconds:%s\n" % (
10 * "=", 10 * "=", queue_name, wait_seconds))
while True:
receipt_handles = []
# Read messages.
try:
# Check if the token has expired and needs to be refreshed.
if token.is_refresh() == 1:
# Refresh the token.
token.refresh()
if my_account:
my_account.mns_client.close_connection()
my_account = None
if not my_account:
my_account = Account(endpoint, token.tmp_access_id, token.tmp_access_key, token.token)
my_queue = my_account.get_queue(queue_name)
my_queue.batch_receive_message(10, wait_seconds)
# Receive messages.
recv_msgs = my_queue.batch_receive_message(10, wait_seconds)
print(recv_msgs)
for recv_msg in recv_msgs:
# TODO: Business logic processing.
# receipt_handles.append(recv_msg.receipt_handle)
print("Receive Message Succeed! ReceiptHandle:%s MessageBody:%s MessageID:%s" % (
recv_msg.receipt_handle, recv_msg.message_body, recv_msg.message_id))
except MNSExceptionBase as e:
if e.type == "QueueNotExist":
print("Queue not exist, please create queue before receive message.")
break
elif e.type == "MessageNotExist":
print("Queue is empty! sleep 10s")
time.sleep(10)
continue
print("Receive Message Fail! Exception:%s\n" % e)
break
# Delete messages.
try:
if len(receipt_handles) > 0:
# my_queue.batch_delete_message(receipt_handles)
print("Delete Message Succeed! ReceiptHandles:%s" % receipt_handles)
except MNSExceptionBase as e:
print("Delete Message Fail! Exception:%s\n" % e)
C# demo
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using AlibabaCloud.SDK.Dybaseapi20170525;
using AlibabaCloud.SDK.Dybaseapi20170525.Models;
using Aliyun.MNS.Model;
using Aliyun.MNS;
using System.Text;
namespace AlibabaCloud.SDK.Sample
{
public class Sample
{
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
AlibabaCloud.OpenApiClient.Models.Config config = new AlibabaCloud.OpenApiClient.Models.Config
{
// Required. Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable is set.
AccessKeyId = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
// Required. Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variable is set.
AccessKeySecret = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET"),
};
config.Endpoint = "dybaseapi.aliyuncs.com";
Client client = new Client(config);
// Specify the queue name. After you enable the message service for the business in the Alibaba Cloud Communications console, you can obtain the corresponding queueName from the page.
String queueName = "Alicom-Queue-******-SmsReport";
// Specify the message type. For all delivery receipt message types supported by Short Message Service, see the following URL:
// https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102038.html
String messageType = "SmsReport";
int maxThread = 2;
for (int i = 0; i < maxThread; i++)
{
TestTask testTask = new TestTask("PullMessageTask-thread-" + i, messageType, queueName, client);
Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(testTask.Handle));
// Start the thread.
t.Start();
}
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
class TestTask
{
object o = new object();
const int sleepTime = 50;
const long bufferTime = 60 * 2; // If the remaining validity period is less than 2 minutes, retrieve the token again to prevent server time errors.
// This is the fixed endpoint for Alibaba Cloud Communications. Do not change it.
const String mnsAccountEndpoint = "https://1943695596114318.mns.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/";
public String name { get; private set; }
public String messageType { get; private set; }
public String QueueName { get; private set; }
public int TaskID { get; private set; }
public Client DybaseapiClient { get; private set; }
public TestTask(String name, String messageType, String queueName, Client dybaseapiClient)
{
this.name = name;
this.messageType = messageType;
this.QueueName = queueName;
this.DybaseapiClient = dybaseapiClient;
}
readonly Dictionary<string, QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBody.QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBodyMessageTokenDTO> tokenMap = new Dictionary<string, QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBody.QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBodyMessageTokenDTO>();
readonly Dictionary<string, Queue> queueMap = new Dictionary<string, Queue>();
public QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBody.QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBodyMessageTokenDTO GetTokenByMessageType(Client dybaseapiClient, String messageType, String queueName)
{
var request = new QueryTokenForMnsQueueRequest
{
MessageType = messageType,
QueueName = queueName
};
var queryTokenForMnsQueueResponse = dybaseapiClient.QueryTokenForMnsQueue(request);
var token = queryTokenForMnsQueueResponse.Body.MessageTokenDTO;
return token;
}
/// Handle messages.
public void Handle()
{
while (true)
{
try
{
QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBody.QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBodyMessageTokenDTO token = null;
Queue queue = null;
lock (o)
{
if (tokenMap.ContainsKey(messageType))
{
token = tokenMap[messageType];
}
if (queueMap.ContainsKey(QueueName))
{
queue = queueMap[QueueName];
}
TimeSpan ts = new TimeSpan(0);
if (token != null)
{
DateTime b = Convert.ToDateTime(token.ExpireTime);
DateTime c = Convert.ToDateTime(DateTime.Now);
ts = b - c;
}
if (token == null || ts.TotalSeconds < bufferTime || queue == null)
{
token = GetTokenByMessageType(DybaseapiClient, messageType, QueueName);
var client = new MNSClient(token.AccessKeyId, token.AccessKeySecret, mnsAccountEndpoint, token.SecurityToken);
queue = client.GetNativeQueue(QueueName);
if (tokenMap.ContainsKey(messageType))
{
tokenMap.Remove(messageType);
}
if (queueMap.ContainsKey(QueueName))
{
queueMap.Remove(QueueName);
}
tokenMap.Add(messageType, token);
queueMap.Add(QueueName, queue);
}
}
BatchReceiveMessageResponse batchReceiveMessageResponse = queue.BatchReceiveMessage(16);
List<Message> messages = batchReceiveMessageResponse.Messages;
for (int i = 0; i <= messages.Count - 1; i++)
{
try
{
byte[] outputb = Convert.FromBase64String(messages[i].Body);
string orgStr = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(outputb);
Console.WriteLine(orgStr);
// TODO: Implement the specific consumption logic.
// Delete the message after it is successfully consumed.
// queue.DeleteMessage(messages[i].ReceiptHandle);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
}
Thread.Sleep(sleepTime);
}
}
}
}
PHP demo
<?php
use AlibabaCloud\Tea\Utils\Utils\RuntimeOptions;
use Darabonba\OpenApi\Models\Config;
use AlibabaCloud\SDK\Dybaseapi\V20170525\Dybaseapi;
use AlibabaCloud\SDK\Dybaseapi\V20170525\Models\QueryTokenForMnsQueueRequest;
use Exception;
use AliyunMNS\Client;
use AliyunMNS\Requests\BatchReceiveMessageRequest;
use AliyunMNS\Requests\BatchDeleteMessageRequest;
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';
// An Alibaba Cloud account AccessKey pair has full permissions on all APIs. We recommend that you use a RAM user for API access and routine O&M.
// We strongly recommend that you do not save your AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret in your project code. This can lead to an AccessKey pair leak and threaten the security of all resources in your account.
// Thisexample shows how to save the AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret in environment variables for API authentication.
$config = new Config([
// Required. Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable is set.
"accessKeyId" => getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID"),
// Required. Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variable is set.
"accessKeySecret" => getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET")
]);
$config->endpoint = "dybaseapi.aliyuncs.com";
$client = new Dybaseapi($config);
// Queue name. Replace this with your queue name.
// After you enable the message service for the business in the Alibaba Cloud Communications console, you can obtain the corresponding queueName from the page. The format is similar to Alicom-Queue-******-SmsReport.
$queueName = 'Alicom-Queue-*******-SmsReport';
// The message type to receive. For all delivery receipt message types supported by Short Message Service, see the following URL:
// https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102038.html
$messageType = 'SmsReport';
$response = null;
$token = null;
$i = 0;
do {
try {
if (null == $token || strtotime($token->expireTime) - time() > 2 * 60) {
$request = new QueryTokenForMnsQueueRequest([
'messageType' => $messageType,
'queueName' => $queueName,
]);
$runtime = new RuntimeOptions([]);
$response = $client->queryTokenForMnsQueueWithOptions($request, $runtime);
$token = $response->body;
}
$token = $response->body->messageTokenDTO;
echo "receive message\n";
$mnsClient = new Client(
"https://1943695596114318.mns.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com", // This is the fixed endpoint for Alibaba Cloud Communications. Do not change it.
$token->accessKeyId,
$token->accessKeySecret,
$token->securityToken
);
$queue = $mnsClient->getQueueRef($queueName);
$mnsRequest = new BatchReceiveMessageRequest(10, 5);
$mnsRequest->setQueueName($queueName);
$mnsResponse = $queue->batchReceiveMessage($mnsRequest);
$receiptHandles = [];
foreach ($mnsResponse->getMessages() as $message) {
echo $message->getMessageBody() . "\n";
// User logic:
// $receiptHandles[] = $message->ReceiptHandle; // Records added to the $receiptHandles array will be deleted.
}
if (count($receiptHandles) > 0) {
$deleteRequest = new BatchDeleteMessageRequest($queueName, $receiptHandles);
$queue->batchDeleteMessage($deleteRequest);
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo $e . PHP_EOL;
if ($e->getCode() == 404) {
$i++;
}
echo $e . PHP_EOL;
}
} while ($i < 3);Go demo
package main
import (
"encoding/base64"
"fmt"
"os"
"time"
openapi "github.com/alibabacloud-go/darabonba-openapi/v2/client"
dybaseapiClient "github.com/alibabacloud-go/dybaseapi-20170525/client"
"github.com/alibabacloud-go/tea/tea"
mns "github.com/aliyun/aliyun-mns-go-sdk"
)
const (
// This is the fixed endpoint for Alibaba Cloud Communications. Do not change it.
mnsDomain = "https://1943695596114318.mns.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
// Queue name. Change this to the name of the queue from which you want to receive messages.
// After you enable the message service for the business in the Alibaba Cloud Communications console, you can obtain the corresponding queueName from the page. The format is similar to Alicom-Queue-******-SmsReport.
queueName = "Alicom-Queue-******-SmsReport"
// Message type. Change this to the message type you want to receive. For all delivery receipt message types supported by Short Message Service, see the following URL:
// https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/102038.html
messageType = "SmsReport"
)
func main() {
// An Alibaba Cloud account AccessKey pair has full permissions on all APIs. We recommend that you use a RAM user for API access and routine O&M.
// We strongly recommend that you do not save your AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret in your project code. This can lead to an AccessKey pair leak and threaten the security of all resources in your account.
// This example shows how to save the AccessKey ID and AccessKey secret in environment variables for API authentication.
// Create a client instance.
config := &openapi.Config{
// Required. Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID environment variable is set.
AccessKeyId: tea.String(os.Getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID")),
// Required. Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variable is set.
AccessKeySecret: tea.String(os.Getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET")),
}
config.Endpoint = tea.String("dybaseapi.aliyuncs.com")
client, _err := dybaseapiClient.NewClient(config)
if _err != nil {
panic(_err)
}
cstLoc, _ := time.LoadLocation("Asia/Shanghai")
var token *dybaseapiClient.QueryTokenForMnsQueueResponseBodyMessageTokenDTO
var expireTime time.Time
// Loop to read messages.
for {
// If the token expires, retrieve it again.
if token == nil || expireTime.Unix()-time.Now().Unix() < 2*60 {
request := &dybaseapiClient.QueryTokenForMnsQueueRequest{}
request.MessageType = tea.String(messageType)
request.QueueName = tea.String(queueName)
response, err := client.QueryTokenForMnsQueue(request)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
token = response.Body.MessageTokenDTO
expireTime, err = time.ParseInLocation("2006-01-02 15:04:05", *token.ExpireTime, cstLoc)
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
clientConfig := mns.AliMNSClientConfig{
EndPoint: mnsDomain,
AccessKeyId: *token.AccessKeyId,
AccessKeySecret: *token.AccessKeySecret,
Token: *token.SecurityToken,
}
mnsClient := mns.NewAliMNSClientWithConfig(clientConfig)
queue := mns.NewMNSQueue(queueName, mnsClient)
endChan := make(chan int)
respChan := make(chan mns.BatchMessageReceiveResponse)
errChan := make(chan error)
// Message processing coroutine.
go func() {
select {
case resp := <-respChan:
{
// Message response processing. When a message is received through respChan:
// fmt.Printf("response: %+v\n", resp)
// Process each message.
for _, msg := range resp.Messages {
// Parse the message.
messageBody, decodeErr := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(msg.MessageBody)
if decodeErr != nil {
panic(decodeErr)
}
fmt.Println("message body: ", string(messageBody))
// todo: Business logic processing.
if ret, e := queue.ChangeMessageVisibility(msg.ReceiptHandle, 5); e != nil {
fmt.Printf("ChangeMessageVisibility: %+v\n", e)
} else {
fmt.Printf("visibility changed: %+v\n", ret)
fmt.Println("delete it now: ", ret.ReceiptHandle)
// After the visibility is changed, use queue.DeleteMessage to delete the message.
if e := queue.DeleteMessage(ret.ReceiptHandle); e != nil {
fmt.Println(e)
}
}
}
endChan <- 1
}
case <-errChan:
{
// todo: Error handling. When an error is received through errChan:
// fmt.Println(err)
endChan <- 1
}
}
}()
// Receive messages.
queue.BatchReceiveMessage(respChan, errChan, 10, 5)
<-endChan
}
}
FAQ
SSL certificate verification failed ("SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED") when integrating the Python SDK on macOS
What causes the "SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED" exception when I integrate the Python SDK in a macOS environment? (WebSocket closed due to [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to retrieve local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1000)).
When you connect to a WebSocket, OpenSSL may fail to verify the certificate and report that the certificate cannot be found. This issue is usually caused by incorrect certificate configurations in the Python environment. You can follow these steps to manually locate and fix the certificate issue:
Export system certificates and set environment variables: Run the following commands to export all certificates from the macOS system to a file. Then, set this file as the default certificate path for Python and related libraries.
security find-certificate -a -p > ~/all_mac_certs.pem export SSL_CERT_FILE=~/all_mac_certs.pem export REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=~/all_mac_certs.pemCreate a symbolic link to fix the Python OpenSSL configuration: If the Python OpenSSL configuration is missing a certificate, you can run the following command to manually create a symbolic link. Make sure to replace the path in the command with the actual installation directory of your local Python version.
# 3.9 is an example version number. Adjust the path based on the Python version installed on your local machine. ln -s /etc/ssl/* /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/etc/opensslRestart the terminal and clear the cache: After you complete the preceding operations, close and reopen the terminal to make sure that the environment variables take effect. Clear any possible cache and try to connect to the WebSocket again.
These steps can resolve connection issues caused by incorrect certificate configurations. If the issue persists, check whether the certificate configuration of the destination server is correct.
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