使用Ansible在阿里云上创建一台ECS实例

教程概览

本教程将创建和配置ECS实例的配置拆分成不同的Ansible playbooks，方便您了解如何通过YAML格式声明配置。您可以参考提供的完整示例，运行Playbook创建一台ECS实例。更多信息，请参见ECS示例。

前提条件

确保您已经安装并配置了阿里云Ansible模块。详情信息，请参见安装和配置Ansible。

创建专有网络

在创建ECS实例时，您首先需要创建一个专有网络（VPC）。

以下Ansible playbook展示了如何创建一个VPC。

---
- name: Create a new VPC
  hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  tasks:
  - name: Create a new alicloud VPC resource
    ali_vpc:
      alicloud_region: 'cn-qingdao'
      cidr_block: '192.168.0.0/16'
      vpc_name: 'vpc_test'
    register: vpc

创建交换机

在创建ECS实例时，您必须要指定ECS实例所属的交换机。

以下Ansible playbook展示了如何在VPC中创建一个交换机。

---
- name: Create a new Alibaba Cloud VSwitch resource
  hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  tasks:
  - name: Create a new Alibaba Cloud VSwitch resource
    ali_vswitch:
      alicloud_region: 'cn-qingdao'
      alicloud_zone: 'cn-qingdao-b'
      state: 'present'
      cidr_block: '192.168.0.0/24'
      vswitch_name: 'vswitch_test'
      description: '测试ansible创建交换机'
      vpc_id: 'vpc-m5e08bfrh8288********'
    register: vswitch
~                    

创建安全组

以下Ansible playbook展示了如何创建一个安全组并将安全组和VPC关联。

---
- name: Create a security group
  hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  tasks:
  - name: Create a security group
    ali_security_group:
      alicloud_region: 'cn-qingdao'
      state: 'present'
      name: 'group_test'
      description: '测试ansible创建安全组'
      vpc_id: 'vpc-m5e08bfrh8288********'
    register: group

创建ECS实例

以下Ansible playbook展示了如何创建一台ECS实例。

---
- name: Create a new VPC
  hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  tasks:
  - name: Create an ECS instance
    ali_instance:
      alicloud_region: 'cn-qingdao'
      alicloud_zone: 'cn-qingdao-b'
      image_id: 'aliyun_3_x64_20G_alibase_20240528.vhd'
      instance_type: 'ecs.g6.large'
      internet_charge_type: 'PayByTraffic'
      instance_name: 'ecs_ansible_test'
      description: '测试ansible创建ECS'
      system_disk_category: 'cloud_efficiency'
      system_disk_size: '40'
      password: 'ansible@1234'
      vswitch_id: 'vsw-m5ey1ybjn0yh0********'
      security_groups: ['sg-m5e2fjcye6yb********']
      host_name: 'myhost'
      count: 1
      instance_charge_type: 'PostPaid'
    register: ecs

运行Playbook创建一台ECS实例

完成以下操作，通过Playbook创建一台ECS实例：

1. 创建一个名称为alicloud_create_ecs.yml的文件，然后通过VI 编辑器打开。

   vi alicloud_create_ecs.yml

2. 在编辑模式下，将以下完整的Playbook示例粘贴到alicloud_create_ecs.yml文件中。

   说明

   请您根据实际需要，参考以下示例更改ECS的配置信息。

   ---
   - name: Create a new VPC 
     hosts: localhost
     connection: local
     vars: 
       vpc_cidr: "172.16.0.0/12"
       vpc_name: "VPC_From_Ansible"
       vpc_description: "Create a new VPC resource via Ansible example alicloud-ecs-vpc."
       alicloud_region: cn-qingdao
       alicloud_zone: cn-qingdao-b
       vswitch_cidr: "172.16.1.0/24"
       vswitch_name: "VSwitch_From_Ansible"
       vswitch_description: "Create a new VSwitch resource via Ansible example alicloud-ecs-vpc."
       group_name: "Security_Group_From_Ansible"
       group_description: "Create a new security group resource via Ansible example alicloud-ecs-vpc."
       group_inboundRules:
         - ip_protocol: tcp
           port_range: 22/22
           source_cidr_ip: 0.0.0.0/0
           dest_cidr_ip: 47.89.23.33/32
           priority: 2
       image: centos_6_8_64_40G_base_20170222.vhd
       type: ecs.n4.small
       instance_name: newtests2
       description: travis-ansible-instance2
       host_name: myhost
       count: 1
       allocate_public_ip: True
       internet_charge_type: PayByBandwidth
       max_bandwidth_in: 200
       max_bandwidth_out: 10
       key_name: ECS_KEY
       tags:
         role: frontend
     tasks: 
     - name: Create a new alicloud VPC resource
       ali_vpc:
         alicloud_region: '{{ alicloud_region }}'
         cidr_block: '{{ vpc_cidr }}'
         vpc_name: '{{ vpc_name }}'
       register: vpc
     - name: Create a new alicloud VSwitch resource
       ali_vswitch:
         alicloud_region: '{{ alicloud_region }}'
         alicloud_zone: '{{ alicloud_zone }}'
         state: 'present'
         cidr_block: '{{ vswitch_cidr }}'
         vswitch_name: '{{ vswitch_name }}'
         description: '{{ vswitch_description }}'
         vpc_id: '{{vpc.vpc.id}}'
       register: vswitch
     # - name: output information of the vpc
     #   debug:
     #     msg: "The created vpc is {{ vpc }}."
     # - name: output information of the vSwitch
     #   debug:
     #     msg: "The created vpc is {{ vswitch }}."
     # - name: Get the existing vpc
     #   ali_vpc_facts:
     #     region: '{{alicloud_region}}'
     #     vpc_name: '{{vpc_name}}'
     #   register: vpcs
   
     - name: Creating security group
       ali_security_group:
         alicloud_region: '{{ alicloud_region }}'
         state: 'present'
         name: '{{ group_name }}'
         description: '{{ group_description }}'
         vpc_id: '{{vpc.vpc.id}}'
         rules: '{{ group_inboundRules }}'
       register: group
   
     - name: Creating an ECS instance
       ali_instance:
         alicloud_region: '{{ alicloud_region }}'
         alicloud_zone: '{{ alicloud_zone }}'
         image_id: '{{ image }}'
         instance_type: '{{ type }}'
         instance_name: '{{ instance_name }}'
         description: '{{ description }}'
         host_name: '{{ host_name }}'
         vswitch_id: '{{vswitch.vswitch.id}}'
         security_groups: '{{group.group.id}}'
         count: '{{count}}'
         allocate_public_ip: '{{ allocate_public_ip }}'
         internet_charge_type: '{{ internet_charge_type }}'
         max_bandwidth_in: '{{ max_bandwidth_in }}'
         max_bandwidth_out: '{{ max_bandwidth_out }}'
         tags: '{{tags}}'
       register: ecs
     - name: output information of the vm
       debug:
         msg: "The created vm is {{ ecs }}."
   

3. 保存后，退出编辑模式。

4. 运行Ansible playbook创建ECS实例。

   ansible-playbook alicloud_create_ecs.yml