本文介绍使用 Javamail 通过 SMTP 协议发信。
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
<version>1.6.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
<artifactId>gson</artifactId>
<version>2.8.6</version>
</dependency>
示例代码:
package org.example;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.*;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
//import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.UUID;
//import java.util.HashMap;
//import java.util.Base64;
//import java.net.URL;
//import java.net.URLEncoder;
//import javax.activation.DataHandler;
//import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
//import javax.activation.URLDataSource;
//import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
public class SampleMail {
// 配置常量
private static final String SMTP_HOST = "smtpdm.aliyun.com";
private static final int SMTP_PORT = 80;
private static final String USER_NAME = "发信地址";
private static final String PASSWORD = "xxxxxxx";
protected static String genMessageID(String mailFrom) {
// 生成Message-ID:
if (!mailFrom.contains("@")) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid email format: " + mailFrom);
}
String domain = mailFrom.split("@")[1];
UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID();
return "<" + uuid.toString() + "@" + domain + ">";
}
private static void setRecipients(MimeMessage message, Message.RecipientType type, String[] recipients)
throws MessagingException {
// 设置收件人地址
if (recipients == null || recipients.length == 0) {
return; // 空列表不设置
}
InternetAddress[] addresses = new InternetAddress[recipients.length];
for (int h = 0; h < recipients.length; h++) {
addresses[h] = new InternetAddress(recipients[h]);
}
message.setRecipients(type, addresses);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws MessagingException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
// 配置发送邮件的环境属性
final Properties props = new Properties();
// 表示SMTP发送邮件,需要进行身份验证
props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
props.put("mail.smtp.host", SMTP_HOST);
//设置端口:
props.put("mail.smtp.port", SMTP_PORT);//或"25", 如果使用ssl,则去掉使用80或25端口的配置,进行如下配置:
//加密方式:
//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory");
//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");//禁止回退非加密
//props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465");
//props.put("mail.smtp.port", "465");
props.put("mail.smtp.from", USER_NAME); //mailfrom 参数
props.put("mail.user", USER_NAME);// 发件人的账号(在控制台创建的发信地址)
props.put("mail.password", PASSWORD);// 发信地址的smtp密码(在控制台选择发信地址进行设置)
//props.put("mail.smtp.connectiontimeout", 1000);
System.setProperty("mail.mime.splitlongparameters", "false");//用于解决附件名过长导致的显示异常
//props.setProperty("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true"); //请配合465端口使用
// 构建授权信息,用于进行SMTP进行身份验证
Authenticator authenticator = new Authenticator() {
@Override
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication(USER_NAME, PASSWORD);
}
};
//使用环境属性和授权信息,创建邮件会话
Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props, authenticator);
String messageIDValue = genMessageID(USER_NAME);
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(mailSession) {
@Override
protected void updateMessageID() throws MessagingException {
setHeader("Message-ID", messageIDValue);
}
};
try {
// 设置发件人邮件地址和名称。填写控制台配置的发信地址。和上面的mail.user保持一致。名称用户可以自定义填写。
InternetAddress from = new InternetAddress(USER_NAME, "发件人昵称");//from 参数,可实现代发,注意:代发容易被收信方拒信或进入垃圾箱。
message.setFrom(from);
setRecipients(message, Message.RecipientType.TO, new String[]{"收信地址1", "收信地址2"});
setRecipients(message, Message.RecipientType.CC, new String[]{"收信地址3", "收信地址4"});
setRecipients(message, Message.RecipientType.BCC, new String[]{"收信地址5", "收信地址6"});
InternetAddress replyToAddress = new InternetAddress("回信地址");
message.setReplyTo(new Address[]{replyToAddress});//可选。设置回信地址
message.setSentDate(new Date());
message.setSubject("测试主题");
// message.setContent("测试txt内容1", "text/text;charset=UTF-8");//纯文本内容,若使用MimeBodyPart这里会被覆盖
// 或
// message.setContent("测试<br> html内容2", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");//HTML内容,若使用MimeBodyPart这里会被覆盖
// //若需要开启邮件跟踪服务,请使用以下代码设置跟踪链接头。前置条件和约束见文档"如何开启数据跟踪功能?"
// String tagName = "tagname4";
// HashMap<String, String> trace = new HashMap<>();
// //这里为字符串"1"
// trace.put("OpenTrace", "1"); //打开邮件跟踪
// trace.put("LinkTrace", "1"); //点击邮件里的URL跟踪
// trace.put("TagName", tagName); //控制台创建的标签tagname
// String jsonTrace = new GsonBuilder().setPrettyPrinting().create().toJson(trace);
// //System.out.println(jsonTrace);
// String base64Trace = new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(jsonTrace.getBytes()));
// //设置跟踪链接头
// message.addHeader("X-AliDM-Trace", base64Trace);
//邮件eml原文中的示例值:X-AliDM-Trace: eyJUYWdOYW1lIjoiVGVzdCIsIk9wZW5UcmFjZSI6IjEiLCJMaW5rVHJhY2UiOiIxIn0=
//发送附件和内容:
// 创建多重消息
Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart();
// // 创建一个BodyPart用于纯文本内容
// BodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// textPart.setText("测试txt内容3");
// multipart.addBodyPart(textPart);
// 创建一个BodyPart用于HTML内容
BodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart();
htmlPart.setContent("测试<br> html内容4", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");//设置邮件的内容,会覆盖前面的message.setContent
multipart.addBodyPart(htmlPart);
// //附件部分
// //发送附件,总的邮件大小不超过15M,创建消息部分。
// // 发送本地附件
// String[] fileList = {"C:\\Users\\Downloads\\test1.txt", "C:\\Users\\Downloads\\test2.txt"};
// for (String filePath : fileList) {
// MimeBodyPart mimeBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
//
// FileDataSource fileDataSource = new FileDataSource(filePath);
// mimeBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fileDataSource));
// //处理附件名称中文(附带文件路径)乱码问题
// mimeBodyPart.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeWord(fileDataSource.getName()));
// mimeBodyPart.addHeader("Content-Transfer-Encoding", "base64");
// multipart.addBodyPart(mimeBodyPart);
// }
// // 发送URL附件
// String[] fileListUrl = {"https://example.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxxxxxxx1.png", "https://example.oss-cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxxxxxxx2.png"};
// for (String fileUrl : fileListUrl) {
// String encodedUrl = URLEncoder.encode(fileUrl, "UTF-8").replace("%3A", ":").replace("%2F", "/");
// MimeBodyPart mimeBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart();
// mimeBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(new URLDataSource(new URL(encodedUrl))));
// // 提取文件名
// String fileName = new URL(fileUrl).getPath();
// fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
// mimeBodyPart.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(fileName));
// multipart.addBodyPart(mimeBodyPart);
// }
// 添加完整消息
message.setContent(multipart);
// 发送附件代码,结束
//mailSession.setDebug(true);//开启debug模式
Transport.send(message);
System.out.println("发送完成!");
} catch (MessagingException | UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
System.err.println("邮件发送失败: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
// } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
// throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
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