在Linux实例中安装MySQL数据库

远程连接ECS实例。具体操作，请参见使用Workbench登录Linux实例。

安装MySQL数据库。

#需要安装compat-openssl10与旧版本OpenSSL库兼容。
sudo yum install -y compat-openssl10
#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
#安装MySQL服务
sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
#启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

查看root用户默认初始密码。

echo $(PASSWORD=$(sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log); PASSWORD=${PASSWORD##* }; echo $PASSWORD)

运行命令，启动MySQL安全安装向导。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 输入root用户初始密码。

   说明

   输入密码时界面不会显示密码的输入过程，请您确保输入的密码正确。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Enter password for user root:

2. 提示root密码已过期，您需要设置新的root用户密码，需要输入两次新密码。

   重要

   密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

   The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
   New password:
   Re-enter new password:

3. 修改root密码后，输入n，拒绝再次修改密码。

   Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

4. 输入y，移除匿名用户。

   说明

   移除匿名用户可以防止未经授权的用户在没有提供有效凭证的情况下访问您的 MySQL 服务器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 输入y，禁止MySQL的root用户从远程登录。

   说明

   如果有特定需求允许root用户远程访问，可以按Y以外任意键以允许远程 root 登录。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 输入y，移除MySQL自带的test数据库。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 输入y，重新加载权限表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

远程连接ECS实例。具体操作，请参见使用Workbench登录Linux实例。

安装MySQL数据库。

#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
#安装MySQL服务
sudo yum install -y mysql-server
#启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

查看root用户默认初始密码。

echo $(PASSWORD=$(sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log); PASSWORD=${PASSWORD##* }; echo $PASSWORD)

运行命令，启动MySQL安全安装向导。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 输入root用户初始密码。

   说明

   输入密码时界面不会显示密码的输入过程，请您确保输入的密码正确。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Enter password for user root:

2. 提示root密码已过期，您需要设置新的root用户密码，需要输入两次新密码。

   重要

   密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

   The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
   New password:
   Re-enter new password:

3. 修改root密码后，输入n，拒绝再次修改密码。

   Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

4. 输入y，移除匿名用户。

   说明

   移除匿名用户可以防止未经授权的用户在没有提供有效凭证的情况下访问您的 MySQL 服务器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 输入y，禁止MySQL的root用户从远程登录。

   说明

   如果有特定需求允许root用户远程访问，可以按Y以外任意键以允许远程 root 登录。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 输入y，移除MySQL自带的test数据库。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 输入y，重新加载权限表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

远程连接ECS实例。具体操作，请参见使用Workbench登录Linux实例。

安装MySQL数据库。

#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
#安装MySQL服务
sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
#启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

运行命令，启动MySQL安全安装向导。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 输入y，启用VALIDATE PASSWORD组件。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
   VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
   and improve security. It checks the strength of password
   and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
   secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
   Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No:

2. 输入2，设置密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

   There are three levels of password validation policy:
   LOW    Length >= 8
   MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
   STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file
   Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG:

3. 您需要设置新的root用户密码，需要输入两次新密码。

   New password:
   
   Re-enter new password:
   
   Estimated strength of the password: 100

   重要

   密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

4. 输入y，继续使用提供的密码。

   Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 输入y，移除匿名用户。

   说明

   移除匿名用户可以防止未经授权的用户在没有提供有效凭证的情况下访问您的 MySQL 服务器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 输入y，禁止MySQL的root用户从远程登录。

   说明

   如果有特定需求允许root用户远程访问，可以按Y以外任意键以允许远程 root 登录。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 输入y，移除MySQL自带的test数据库。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

8. 输入y，重新加载权限表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

远程连接ECS实例。具体操作，请参见使用Workbench登录Linux实例。

安装MySQL数据库。

#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
#安装MySQL服务
sudo yum install -y mysql-server
#启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

查看root用户默认初始密码。

echo $(PASSWORD=$(sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log); PASSWORD=${PASSWORD##* }; echo $PASSWORD)

运行命令，启动MySQL安全安装向导。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 输入root用户初始密码。

   说明

   输入密码时界面不会显示密码的输入过程，请您确保输入的密码正确。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Enter password for user root:

2. 提示root密码已过期，您需要设置新的root用户密码，需要输入两次新密码。

   重要

   密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

   The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
   New password:
   Re-enter new password:

3. 修改root密码后，输入n，拒绝再次修改密码。

   Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

4. 输入y，移除匿名用户。

   说明

   移除匿名用户可以防止未经授权的用户在没有提供有效凭证的情况下访问您的 MySQL 服务器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 输入y，禁止MySQL的root用户从远程登录。

   说明

   如果有特定需求允许root用户远程访问，可以按Y以外任意键以允许远程 root 登录。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 输入y，移除MySQL自带的test数据库。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 输入y，重新加载权限表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

远程连接ECS实例。具体操作，请参见使用Workbench登录Linux实例。

运行以下命令，更新系统apt仓库，确保您的系统包列表为最新。

sudo apt-get update

安装MySQL APT存储库。

#下载APT配置包
sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb
#使用 dpkg 命令安装下载的 MySQL APT 配置包
sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb

1. （可选）若mysql-apt-config脚本检测到您的操作系统版本不是其正式支持的版本，它将显示一个界面，让您选择最接近您系统版本的支持选项以继续安装。

   说明

   获取系统别名请参见部署MySQL常见问题。

   Configuring mysql-apt-config
   The detected system (ubuntu bionic) is not supported by MySQL. If you believe the platform is compatible with one of the supported systems, one of the corresponding repositories may be selected.
   Add repository to unsupported system?
                               ubuntu lunar
                               ubuntu focal
                               ubuntu jammy
                               ubuntu noble
                               ubuntu oracular
                               debian bookworm
                               abort
                                  <Ok>

2. 配置页面会列出待安装的全部组件，其中包括MySQL Server 、Client、Tool等一系列组件，确认版本及待安装组件无误，按方向键切换到OK并回车。

   Configuring mysql-apt-config
   The MySQL APT Repository features MySQL Server along with a variety of components. You may select the desired products to install and update from the official MySQL Repository, and also select the associated version series.
   Select "Ok" to save the configuration, and then execute "apt update" to load the selected package list. This configuration can be updated later, depending on your needs.
   Which MySQL product do you wish to configure?
       MySQL Server & Cluster (Currently selected: mysql-8.4-lts)
       MySQL Connectors (Currently selected: Enabled)
       Ok
                                 <Ok>

安装MySQL服务器。

#更新包列表
sudo apt update
#安装 MySQL 服务器
sudo apt install -y mysql-server
#启动 MySQL 服务
sudo systemctl start mysql
#检查启动状态
sudo systemctl status mysql
#在系统启动时自动启动。
sudo systemctl enable mysql

运行命令，启动MySQL安全安装向导。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 输入root用户密码。

2. 输入y，启用VALIDATE PASSWORD组件。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
   VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
   and improve security. It checks the strength of password
   and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
   secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
   Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No:

3. 输入2，设置密码策略要求密码至少包含一个大写字母、一个小写字母、一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且密码总长度至少为8个字符。

   There are three levels of password validation policy:
   LOW    Length >= 8
   MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
   STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file
   Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG:

4. 输入n，拒绝修改root用户密码。

   说明

   如果您需要更改root用户密码，可以输入y以进行修改。

5. 输入y，移除匿名用户。

   说明

   移除匿名用户可以防止未经授权的用户在没有提供有效凭证的情况下访问您的 MySQL 服务器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 输入y，禁止MySQL的root用户从远程登录。

   说明

   如果有特定需求允许root用户远程访问，可以按Y以外任意键以允许远程 root 登录。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 输入y，移除MySQL自带的test数据库。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

8. 输入y，重新加载权限表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :