本文中含有需要您注意的重要提示信息,忽略该信息可能对您的业务造成影响,请务必仔细阅读。
默认情况下,OSS Bucket中的文件是私有的,仅文件拥有者可访问。本文介绍如何使用OSS PHP SDK生成带有过期时间的GET方法预签名URL,以允许他人临时下载文件。在有效期内可多次访问,超期后需重新生成。
注意事项
本文示例代码以华东1(杭州)的地域ID
cn-hangzhou
为例,默认使用外网Endpoint,如果您希望通过与OSS同地域的其他阿里云产品访问OSS,请使用内网Endpoint。关于OSS支持的Region与Endpoint的对应关系,请参见OSS地域和访问域名。预签名URL无需权限即可生成,但仅当您拥有
oss:GetObject
权限时,第三方才能通过该预签名URL成功下载文件。具体授权操作,请参见为RAM用户授权自定义的权限策略。本文示例代码使用V4预签名URL,有效期最大为7天。更多信息,请参见签名版本4(推荐)。
使用过程
使用预签名URL下载文件的过程如下:
示例代码
文件拥有者生成GET方法的预签名URL。
<?php // 引入自动加载文件,确保依赖库能够正确加载 require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php'; use AlibabaCloud\Oss\V2 as Oss; // 定义命令行参数的描述信息 $optsdesc = [ "region" => ['help' => 'The region in which the bucket is located.', 'required' => True], // Bucket所在的地域(必填) "endpoint" => ['help' => 'The domain names that other services can use to access OSS.', 'required' => False], // 访问域名(可选) "bucket" => ['help' => 'The name of the bucket', 'required' => True], // Bucket名称(必填) "key" => ['help' => 'The name of the object', 'required' => True], // 对象名称(必填) ]; // 将参数描述转换为getopt所需的长选项格式 // 每个参数后面加上":"表示该参数需要值 $longopts = \array_map(function ($key) { return "$key:"; }, array_keys($optsdesc)); // 解析命令行参数 $options = getopt("", $longopts); // 验证必填参数是否存在 foreach ($optsdesc as $key => $value) { if ($value['required'] === True && empty($options[$key])) { $help = $value['help']; // 获取参数的帮助信息 echo "Error: the following arguments are required: --$key, $help" . PHP_EOL; exit(1); // 如果必填参数缺失,则退出程序 } } // 从解析的参数中提取值 $region = $options["region"]; // Bucket所在的地域 $bucket = $options["bucket"]; // Bucket名称 $key = $options["key"]; // 对象名称 // 加载环境变量中的凭证信息 // 使用EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider从环境变量中读取Access Key ID和Access Key Secret $credentialsProvider = new Oss\Credentials\EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider(); // 使用SDK的默认配置 $cfg = Oss\Config::loadDefault(); $cfg->setCredentialsProvider($credentialsProvider); // 设置凭证提供者 $cfg->setRegion($region); // 设置Bucket所在的地域 if (isset($options["endpoint"])) { $cfg->setEndpoint($options["endpoint"]); // 如果提供了访问域名,则设置endpoint } // 创建OSS客户端实例 $client = new Oss\Client($cfg); // 创建GetObjectRequest对象,用于下载对象 $request = new Oss\Models\GetObjectRequest(bucket:$bucket, key:$key); // 调用presign方法生成预签名URL $result = $client->presign($request); // 打印预签名结果 // 输出预签名URL,用户可以直接使用该URL进行下载操作 print( 'get object presign result:' . var_export($result, true) . PHP_EOL . // 预签名结果的详细信息 'get object url:' . $result->url . PHP_EOL // 预签名URL,用于直接下载对象 );
其他人使用GET方法的预签名URL下载文件。
curl
curl -SO "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"
Java
import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { // 替换为生成的GET方法的预签名URL。 String fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"; // 填写文件保存的目标路径,包括文件名和扩展名。 String savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"; try { downloadFile(fileURL, savePath); System.out.println("Download completed!"); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println("Error during download: " + e.getMessage()); } } private static void downloadFile(String fileURL, String savePath) throws IOException { URL url = new URL(fileURL); HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 检查响应代码 int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { // 输入流 InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(httpConn.getInputStream()); // 输出流 FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath); byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; // 缓冲区 int bytesRead; while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); } outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); } else { System.out.println("No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: " + responseCode); } httpConn.disconnect(); } }
Node.js
const https = require('https'); const fs = require('fs'); const fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"; const savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"; https.get(fileURL, (response) => { if (response.statusCode === 200) { const fileStream = fs.createWriteStream(savePath); response.pipe(fileStream); fileStream.on('finish', () => { fileStream.close(); console.log("Download completed!"); }); } else { console.error(`Download failed. Server responded with code: ${response.statusCode}`); } }).on('error', (err) => { console.error("Error during download:", err.message); });
Python
import requests file_url = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************" save_path = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt" try: response = requests.get(file_url, stream=True) if response.status_code == 200: with open(save_path, 'wb') as f: for chunk in response.iter_content(4096): f.write(chunk) print("Download completed!") else: print(f"No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: {response.status_code}") except Exception as e: print("Error during download:", e)
Go
package main import ( "io" "net/http" "os" ) func main() { fileURL := "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************" savePath := "C:/downloads/myfile.txt" response, err := http.Get(fileURL) if err != nil { panic(err) } defer response.Body.Close() if response.StatusCode == http.StatusOK { outFile, err := os.Create(savePath) if err != nil { panic(err) } defer outFile.Close() _, err = io.Copy(outFile, response.Body) if err != nil { panic(err) } println("Download completed!") } else { println("No file to download. Server replied HTTP code:", response.StatusCode) } }
JavaScript
const fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"; const savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"; // 文件将在下载时使用的文件名 fetch(fileURL) .then(response => { if (!response.ok) { throw new Error(`Server replied HTTP code: ${response.status}`); } return response.blob(); // 将响应转换为 blob }) .then(blob => { const link = document.createElement('a'); link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); link.download = savePath; // 设置下载文件的名字 document.body.appendChild(link); // 此步骤确保链接存在于文档中 link.click(); // 模拟点击下载链接 link.remove(); // 完成后移除链接 console.log("Download completed!"); }) .catch(error => { console.error("Error during download:", error); });
Android-Java
import android.os.AsyncTask; import android.os.Environment; import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.URL; public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> { @Override protected String doInBackground(String... params) { String fileURL = params[0]; String savePath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) + "/myfile.txt"; // 修改后的保存路径 try { URL url = new URL(fileURL); HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET"); int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode(); if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) { InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(httpConn.getInputStream()); FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath); byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; int bytesRead; while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); } outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); return "Download completed!"; } else { return "No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: " + responseCode; } } catch (Exception e) { return "Error during download: " + e.getMessage(); } } }
Objective-C
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h> int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool { // 定义文件 URL 和保存路径(修改为有效的路径) NSString *fileURL = @"https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"; NSString *savePath = @"/Users/your_username/Desktop/myfile.txt"; // 请替换为您的用户名 // 创建 URL 对象 NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:fileURL]; // 创建下载任务 NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [[NSURLSession sharedSession] dataTaskWithURL:url completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) { // 错误处理 if (error) { NSLog(@"Error during download: %@", error.localizedDescription); return; } // 检查数据 if (!data) { NSLog(@"No data received."); return; } // 保存文件 NSError *writeError = nil; BOOL success = [data writeToURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:savePath] options:NSDataWritingAtomic error:&writeError]; if (success) { NSLog(@"Download completed!"); } else { NSLog(@"Error saving file: %@", writeError.localizedDescription); } }]; // 启动任务 [task resume]; // 让主线程继续运行以便异步请求能够完成 [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run]; } return 0; }
常见使用场景
生成指定版本的文件的GET方法的预签名URL
使用预签名URL下载指定请求头的文件
使用自定义域名生成用于下载的预签名URL
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