AUTO模式中通过CREATEINDEX创建索引_云原生数据库 PolarDB(PolarDB)-阿里云帮助中心

PolarDB-X支持创建局部索引和全局二级索引 (Global Secondary Index，GSI) ，同时支持删除这两种索引。本语法仅适用于AUTO模式数据库。

局部索引

关于局部索引，详情请参见CREATE INDEX Statement。

注意事项

若全局索引要使用二级分区的相关功能，实例版本必须为5.4.17-16952556及以上。

全局二级索引

关于全局二级索引基本原理，请参见全局二级索引。

语法

CREATE [UNIQUE]
    GLOBAL INDEX index_name [index_type]    
    ON tbl_name (index_sharding_col_name,...)    
    global_secondary_index_option 
    [index_option] 
    [algorithm_option | lock_option] ...    
# 全局二级索引特有语法，具体说明请参见CREATE TABLE文档  
global_secondary_index_option:   
    [COVERING (col_name,...)]
    [partition_options]
    [VISIBLE|INVISIBLE]

# 分区定义
partition_options:
	partition_columns_definition
	[subpartition_columns_definition]
	[subpartition_specs_definition]/*用于定义模板化二级分区*/ 
  partition_specs_definition 

# 一级分区的分区列定义
partition_columns_definition:
		PARTITION BY
          HASH({column_name | partition_func(column_name)}) partitions_count
        | KEY(column_list) partitions_count
        | RANGE({column_name | partition_func(column_name)}) 
        | RANGE COLUMNS(column_list)
        | LIST({column_name | partition_func(column_name)}) 
        | LIST COLUMNS(column_list)

# 二级分区的分区列定义
subpartition_columns_definition:
		SUBPARTITION BY
          HASH({column_name | partition_func(column_name)}) subpartitions_count
        | KEY(column_list) subpartitions_count
        | RANGE({column_name | partition_func(column_name)}) 
        | RANGE COLUMNS(column_list)
        | LIST({column_name | partition_func(column_name)})
        | LIST COLUMNS(column_list)

partitions_count:
   PARTITIONS partition_count

subpartitions_count:
   SUBPARTITIONS partition_count

# 分区函数定义
partition_func：
    YEAR
  | TO_DAYS
  | TO_MONTHS
  | TO_WEEKS
  | TO_SECOND
  | UNIX_TIMESTAMP
  | MONTH
  | DAYOFWEEK
  | DAYOFMONTH
  | DAYOFYEAR
  | SUBSTR
  | SUBSTRING


# 一级分区的三种分区类型定义
partition_specs_definition:
	hash_partition_list
  | range_partition_list
  | list_partition_list

# 二级分区的三种分区类型定义
subpartition_specs_definition:
	hash_subpartition_list
  | range_subpartition_list
  | list_subpartition_list

# 一级分区的Hash/Key分区定义
hash_partition_list:
	  /*hash允许不指定各个具体分区定义*/
	| ( hash_partition [, hash_partition, ...] )

hash_partition:
    PARTITION partition_name [partition_spec_options] /*适用于纯一级分区或使用模板化子分区*/
  | PARTITION partition_name subpartitions_count [subpartition_specs_definition] /*适用于定义一级分区下的非模板化子分区*/

# 二级级分区的Hash/Key分区定义
hash_subpartition_list:
  | empty
  | ( hash_subpartition [, hash_subpartition, ...] )

hash_subpartition:
	SUBPARTITION subpartition_name [partition_spec_options]

# 一级分区的Range/Range Columns分区定义
range_partition_list:
    ( range_partition [, range_partition, ... ] )

range_partition:
    	PARTITION partition_name VALUES LESS THAN (range_bound_value) [partition_spec_options] /*适用于纯一级分区或使用模板化子分区*/
    |	PARTITION partition_name VALUES LESS THAN (range_bound_value) [[subpartitions_count] [subpartition_specs_definition]] /*适用于定义一级分区下的非模板化子分区*/
   
# 二级分区的Range/Range Columns分区定义
range_subpartition_list:
	( range_subpartition [, range_subpartition, ... ] )

range_subpartition:
    SUBPARTITION subpartition_name VALUES LESS THAN (range_bound_value) [partition_spec_options]
  
range_bound_value:
	  maxvalue /*适用于定义range的maxvalue分区*/
	| expr /*适用于使用单个分区列时range边界值*/
	| value_list /*适用于使用多个分区列时range边界值*/

# 一级分区的List/List Columns分区定义
list_partition_list:
    (list_partition [, list_partition ...])

list_partition:
    	PARTITION partition_name VALUES IN (list_bound_value) [partition_spec_options] /*适用于纯一级分区或使用模板化子分区*/
    |	PARTITION partition_name VALUES IN (list_bound_value) [[subpartitions_count] [subpartition_specs_definition]] /*适用于定义一级分区下的非模板化子分区*/

# 二级分区的List/List Columns分区定义
list_subpartition_list:
	(list_subpartition [, list_subpartition ...])

list_subpartition:
	SUBPARTITION subpartition_name VALUES IN (list_bound_value) [partition_spec_options]

list_bound_value:
		default  /*适用于定义list的default分区*/
	|	value_set

value_set:
	  value_list  /*适用于使用单个分区列时values集合*/
	| (value_list) [, (value_list), ...] /*适用于使用多个分区列时的values集合*/

value_list:
	value [, value, ...]

partition_spec_options:
	    [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine_name]
        [COMMENT [=] 'string']
        [LOCALITY [=] locality_option]

table_option：
 	    [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine_name]
        [COMMENT [=] 'string']
        [{CHARSET | CHARACTER SET} [=] charset]
        [COLLATE [=] collation]
        [TABLEGROUP [=] table_group_id]
        [LOCALITY [=] locality_option]  

locality_option:
    'dn=storage_inst_id_list'
    
storage_inst_id_list:
    storage_inst_id[,storage_inst_id_list]

local_partition_definition:
		LOCAL PARTITION BY RANGE (column_name)
    [STARTWITH 'yyyy-MM-dd']
    INTERVAL interval_count [YEAR|MONTH|DAY]
    [EXPIRE AFTER expire_after_count]
    [PRE ALLOCATE pre_allocate_count]
    [PIVOTDATE pivotdate_func]
    [DISABLE SCHEDULE]
    
pivotdate_func:
		NOW()
  |	DATE_ADD(...)
  | DATE_SUB(...)

CREATE GLOBAL INDEX系列语法用于在建表后添加GSI，该系列语法在MySQL语法上新引入了GLOBAL关键字，用于指定添加的索引类型为GSI。目前建表后创建GSI存在一定限制，关于GSI的限制与约定，详情请参见如何使用全局二级索引。

关于全局二级索引定义子句的详细说明，请参见CREATE TABLE（DRDS模式）。

示例

下面以建立普通全局二级索引为例，介绍如何在建表后创建GSI。

# 先创建表
CREATE TABLE t_order (
  `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `buyer_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `seller_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `order_snapshot` longtext DEFAULT NULL,
  `order_detail` longtext DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `l_i_order` (`order_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 partition by hash(`order_id`) partitions 16;
# 再创建全局二级索引
CREATE GLOBAL INDEX `g_i_seller` ON t_order (`seller_id`) partition by hash(`seller_id`) partitions 16;

主表：”t_order“是分区表，分区的拆分方式为按照”order_id“列进行哈希。
索引表：”g_i_seller“按照”seller_id“列进行哈希，指定覆盖列为”order_snapshot“。
索引定义子句：GLOBAL INDEX `g_i_seller` ON t_order (`seller_id`) partition by hash(`seller_id`) partitions 16。

通过SHOW INDEX查看索引信息，包含拆分键order_id上的局部索引，seller_id、id和order_id上的GSI，其中seller_id为索引表的拆分键，id和order_id为默认的覆盖列（主键和主表的拆分键）。

说明

关于GSI的限制与约定，详情请参见如何使用全局二级索引，SHOW INDEX详细说明，请参见SHOW INDEX。

show index from t_order;

返回信息如下：

+--------------------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| Table              | Non_unique | Key_name  | Seq_in_index | Column_name | Collation | Cardinality | Sub_part | Packed | Null | Index_type | Comment | Index_comment |
+--------------------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
| t_order_****_00000 |          0 | PRIMARY   |            1 | id          | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   |      | BTREE      |         |               |
| t_order_****_00000 |          1 | l_i_order |            1 | order_id    | A         |           0 |     NULL | NULL   | YES  | BTREE      |         |               |
+--------------------+------------+-----------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.02 sec)

通过SHOW GLOBAL INDEX可以单独查看GSI信息，详情请参见SHOW GLOBAL INDEX。

show global index from t_order;
+---------------------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------+
| SCHEMA              | TABLE   | NON_UNIQUE | KEY_NAME   | INDEX_NAMES | COVERING_NAMES | INDEX_TYPE | DB_PARTITION_KEY | DB_PARTITION_POLICY | DB_PARTITION_COUNT | TB_PARTITION_KEY | TB_PARTITION_POLICY | TB_PARTITION_COUNT | STATUS |
+---------------------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------+
| ZZY3_DRDS_LOCAL_APP | t_order | 1          | g_i_seller | seller_id   | id, order_id   | NULL       | seller_id        | HASH                | 4                  |                  | NULL                | NULL               | PUBLIC |
+---------------------+---------+------------+------------+-------------+----------------+------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+------------------+---------------------+--------------------+--------+

查看索引表的结构，索引表包含主表的主键、分库分表键、默认的覆盖列和自定义覆盖列，主键列去除了AUTO_INCREMENT属性，并且去除了主表中的局部索引。

show create table g_i_seller;
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table      | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| g_i_seller | CREATE TABLE `g_i_seller` (
  `id` bigint(11) NOT NULL,
  `order_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `seller_id` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `auto_shard_key_seller_id` (`seller_id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 partition by hash(`seller_id`) partitions 16 |
+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+