通过多种方式安装和配置Terraform，包括手动安装、包管理器及云环境集成，为基础设施即代码的实现提供基础支持。-Terraform(Terraform)-阿里云帮助中心

用10分钟时间完成Terraform的安装和配置，为通过Terraform生产基础设施做好准备。

在了解阿里云Terraform的介绍中提到，Terraform是以二进制包的形式分发。所以您可以使用常见的包管理器安装Terraform。

安装Terraform

手动安装

使用预编译包

登录Terraform官网，找到对应操作系统的zip包，并下载。

在下载完成后，请将程序包解压到/usr/local/bin。其余文件在复制完成后均可删除，这并不会影响Terraform正常运行。

最后，请确保Terraform目录在PATH变量中已正确配置，不同操作系统会有所不同。

Mac或Linux

打印您的PATH配置

echo $PATH

将Terraform二进制文件移动到列出的位置之一。此命令假定二进制文件当前位于您的Downloads文件夹中并且您的PATH包含/usr/local/bin，但如果您的位置不同，您可以自定义命令中的目录。

mv ~/Downloads/terraform /usr/local/bin/

Windows

进入控制面板 -> 系统 -> 系统设置 -> 环境变量。
在系统变量中向下滚动，直到找到 PATH。
单击编辑并进行相应更改。
请务必在前一个末尾添加分号，因为这是分隔符，即 c:\path;c:\path2
启动新控制台以使设置生效。

使用源

如果您期望从源代码编译二进制文件，可以克隆HashiCorp Terraform代码库

git clone https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform.git

您将会看到如下进度提示信息，并等待其执行完成。

tiankai@U-QDY6MW2N-0211 0203-Quickstart % git clone https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform.git
Cloning into 'terraform'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 298204, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (3099/3099), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1576/1576), done.
remote: Total 298204 (delta 1962), reused 2369 (delta 1459), pack-reused 295105
Receiving objects: 100% (298204/298204), 302.63 MiB | 3.62 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (187677/187677), done.
Updating files: 100% (4517/4517), done.

执行完成后，您执行命令的目录下会新增一个terraform名称的目录。通过cd指令进入该目录。

cd terraform

然后，执行install 指令，这将会编译目录并将编译后的包移动到$GOPATH/bin/terraform目录中

go install

当您看到如下提示信息，则说明正在编译中。等待完成后即可进行下一步操作。

tiankai@U-ODY6MW2N-0211 terraform % go install
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/go-checkpoint v0.5.0
go: downloading github.com/apparentlymart/go-shquot v0.0.1
go: downloading github.com/apparentlymart/go-userdirs v0.0.0-20200915174352-b0c018a67c13
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/cli v1.1.6
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/go-plugin v1.6.0
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/terraform-svchost v0.1.1
go: downloading github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12
go: downloading github.com/mitchellh/colorstring v0.0.0-20190213212951-d06e56a500db
go: downloading go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.45.0
go: downloading go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.24.0
go: downloading go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.24.0
go: downloading go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.24.0
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3
go: downloading github.com/zclconf/go-cty v1.14.4
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/hcl/v2 v2.20.0
go: downloading github.com/hashicorp/terraform-registry-address v0.2.3
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.14.0

注意：如果提示zsh: command not found: go，则您需要先安装go的环境。

最终，确保terraform目录在PATH中定义并可用。 PATH定义取决于您所使用的操作系统。

Mac或Linux

打印您的PATH配置

echo $PATH

将 Terraform 二进制文件移动到列出的位置之一。此命令假定二进制文件当前位于您的Downloads文件夹中并且您的PATH包含/usr/local/bin，但如果您的位置不同，您可以自定义命令中的目录。

mv ~/Downloads/terraform /usr/local/bin/

Windows

进入控制面板 -> 系统 -> 系统设置 -> 环境变量。
在系统变量中向下滚动，直到找到 PATH。
单击编辑并进行相应更改。
请务必在前一个末尾添加分号，如：c:\path;c:\path2
启动新控制台以使设置生效。

macOS Homebrew

Homebrew 是一款在Mac系统上经常使用的包安装工具。借助Homebrew可以通过简单的指令安装Terraform。

第一步，安装HashiCorp的tap，用来定义包在homebrew的位置。

brew tap hashicorp/tap

第二步，执行安装指令，安装Terraform

brew install hashicorp/tap/terraform

重要

安装指令将索引最新的版本并进行安装，如果在安装一段时间后希望更新到最新版本。可以通过重新执行upgrade指令进行。

更新最新版本的Terraform，首先需要更新Homebrew。

brew update

然后，运行upgrade指令更新到最新版本。

brew upgrade hashicorp/tap/terraform

Windows Chocolatey

Chocolatey是一款在Windows系统上经常使用的包安装工具。借助Chocolatey可以通过简单的指令安装Terraform。

choco install terraform

CloudShell

阿里云Cloud Shell是一款帮助您运维的免费产品，预装了Terraform的组件，您可直接在Cloud Shell中运行Terraform的命令。

首先，确保您有一个合法的、有相关权限的阿里云账号。

其次，打开浏览器，访问Cloud Shell的地址https://shell.aliyun.com。

登录成功后，执行如下指令

terraform

您将看到，Terraform组件已经内置在CloudShell中，并且可以直接使用。

shell@Alicloud:~$ terraform
Usage: terraform [-version] [-help] <command> [args]
The available commands for execution are listed below.
The most common, useful commands are shown first, followed by
less common or more advanced commands. If you're just getting
started with Terraform, stick with the common commands. For the
other commands, please read the help and docs before usage.
Common commands:
    apply              Builds or changes infrastructure
    console            Interactive console for Terraform interpolations
    destroy            Destroy Terraform-managed infrastructure
    env                Workspace management
    fmt                Rewrites config files to canonical format
    get                Download and install modules for the configuration
    graph              Create a visual graph of Terraform resources
    import             Import existing infrastructure into Terraform
    init               Initialize a Terraform working directory
    login              Obtain and save credentials for a remote host
    logout             Remove locally-stored credentials for a remote host
    output             Read an output from a state file
    plan               Generate and show an execution plan
    providers          Prints a tree of the providers used in the configuration
    refresh            Update local state file against real resources
    show               Inspect Terraform state or plan
    taint              Manually mark a resource for recreation
    untaint            Remove the 'tainted' state from a resource instance
    validate           Validates the Terraform files
    version            Prints the Terraform version
    workspace          Workspace management

All other commands:
    debug              Debug output management (experimental)
    force-unlock       Manually unlock the terraform state
    push               Obsolete command for Terraform Enterprise legacy (v1)
    state              Advanced state management
    taint              Manually mark a resource for recreation
    untaint            Manually unmark a resource as tainted
    validate           Validates the Terraform files
    version            Prints the Terraform version
    workspace          Workspace management
All other commands:
    0.12upgrade        Rewrites pre-0.12 module source code for v0.12
    debug              Debug output management (experimental)
    force-unlock       Manually unlock the terraform state
    push               Obsolete command for Terraform Enterprise legacy (v1)
    state              Advanced state management
shell@Alicloud:~$

更多Cloud Shell使用方式，请参见使用云命令行。

Linux

Alibaba Cloud Linux

yum install -y dnf-plugin-releasever-adapter
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo
yum install terraform

[root@iZbp17mtyk1tw8mmto999uZ ~]# yum install -y dnf-plugin-releasever-adapter
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:07 ago on Tue 16 Jul 2024 02:45:35 PM CST.
Package dnf-plugin-releasever-adapter-1.0-3.al8.noarch is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

[root@iZbp17mtyk1tw8mmto999uZ ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo
Adding repo from: https://rpm.releases.hashicorp.com/RHEL/hashicorp.repo
[root@iZbp17mtyk1tw8mmto999uZ ~]# yum install terraform
Hashicorp Stable - x86_64                                                                527 kB/s | 1.4 MB     00:02
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Tue 16 Jul 2024 02:45:35 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package                Architecture        Version                Repository              Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 terraform              x86_64              1.9.2-1                hashicorp               27 M
Installing dependencies:
 git                    x86_64              2.43.5-1.0.1.al8       alinux3-updates          92 K
 git-core               x86_64              2.43.5-1.0.1.al8       alinux3-updates          11 M
 git-core-doc           noarch              2.43.5-1.0.1.al8       alinux3-updates         3.1 M
 perl-Error             noarch              1:0.17025-2.1.al8      alinux3-os               46 K

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 41 M
Installed size: 120 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
...
Complete!
 perl-Git               noarch              2.43.5-1.0.1.al8       alinux3-updates          79 K
 perl-TermReadKey       x86_64              2.37-7.2.al8           alinux3-os               41 K
Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  7 Packages
Total download size: 41 M
Installed size: 131 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:

验证安装

运行terraform验证路径配置。

terraform

命令运行后会显示可用的Terraform选项的列表，表示安装完成。

➜  ~ terraform
Usage: terraform [global options] <subcommand> [args]
The available commands for execution are listed below.
The primary workflow commands are given first, followed by
less common or more advanced commands.
Main commands:
  init          Prepare your working directory for other commands
  validate      Check whether the configuration is valid
  plan          Show changes required by the current configuration
  apply         Create or update infrastructure
  destroy       Destroy previously-created infrastructure
All other commands:
  console       Try Terraform expressions at an interactive command prompt
  fmt           Reformat your configuration in the standard style
  force-unlock  Release a stuck lock on the current workspace
  get           Install or upgrade remote Terraform modules
  graph         Generate a Graphviz graph of the steps in an operation
  import        Associate existing infrastructure with a Terraform resource
  login         Obtain and save credentials for a remote host
  logout        Remove locally-stored credentials for a remote host
  metadata      Metadata related commands
  output        Show output values from your root module
  providers     Show the providers required for this configuration
  refresh       Update the state to match remote systems
  show          Inspect Terraform state or plan
  state         Advanced state management
  taint         Mark a resource instance as not fully functional
  test          Experimental support for module integration testing
  untaint       Remove the 'tainted' state from a resource instance
  version       Show the current Terraform version
  workspace     Manage workspaces

Global options (use these before the subcommand, if any):
  -chdir=DIR    Switch to a different working directory before executing the
                given subcommand.
  -help         Show this message.
  -version      An alias for the "version" subcommand.
  show          Show the current state or a saved plan
  state         Advanced state management
  taint         Mark a resource instance as not fully functional
  test          Experimental support for module integration testing
  untaint       Remove the 'tainted' state from a resource instance
  version       Show the current Terraform version
  workspace     Workspace management
Global options (use these before the subcommand, if any):
  -chdir=DIR    Switch to a different working directory before executing the
                given subcommand.
  -help         Show this help output, or the help for a specified subcommand.
  -version      An alias for the "version" subcommand.

常见问题

由于网络延迟等原因造成的 terraform init 超时，导致无法正常下载terraform。可参见Terraform Init 加速方案配置