Manually build a Magento 2 e-commerce website

Step 1: Install PHP dependencies

1. Install the core PHP package and specific extensions.

   1. Install the core PHP package, which contains several extensions.

      sudo apt-get install php8.3-cli php8.3-common php8.3-fpm php8.3-mysql php8.3-zip php8.3-gd php8.3-curl php8.3-intl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-soap php8.3-xml php8.3-bcmath php8.3-sqlite3 php8.3-opcache

   2. Install additional PHP extensions.

      sudo apt-get install php8.3-bcmath php8.3-curl php8.3-gd php8.3-intl php8.3-mbstring php8.3-soap php8.3-xml php8.3-zip php8.3-sqlite3

   3. Restart the web server to apply the changes.

      sudo systemctl restart nginx  

2. Configure the php.ini files.

   1. Open the php.ini files in the Vim editor.

      sudo vim /etc/php/8.3/fpm/php.ini
      sudo vim /etc/php/8.3/cli/php.ini

   2. Modify the following content in the php.ini files. Then, save and close the files.

      memory_limit = 2G
      max_execution_time = 1800
      zlib.output_compression = On

   3. Restart the PHP FastCGI Process Manager (PHP-FPM) service.

      sudo systemctl restart php8.3-fpm

Step 2: Create a Magento2 database

1. Connect to MySQL.

   mysql -u root -p

   When you are prompted to enter a password, enter the password of the MySQL root user.

2. Execute the following MySQL statements in sequence to create and configure a database. In this example, a database named magento is created, and the username used to log on to the database is magento.

   CREATE DATABASE magento;
   CREATE USER 'magento'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'magento';
   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON magento.* TO 'magento'@'localhost';
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
   EXIT;

3. Verify the database.

   mysql -u magento -p

   Note

   If the MySQL monitor is displayed, the database is created. If an error is displayed, execute the preceding MySQL statements again.

Step 3: Download and install OpenSearch

1. Before you use Docker to install OpenSearch, perform the following operations:

   1. Disable memory paging and swapping on the ECS instance to improve performance.

      sudo swapoff -a

   2. Increase the number of memory mappings available for OpenSearch.

      1. Modify the sysctl.conf file.

         sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

      2. Add vm.max_map_count=262144

      3. Check whether the configuration is added.

         sudo sysctl -p
         cat /proc/sys/vm/max_map_count

         

2. Run OpenSearch in a Docker container.

   1. Pull an OpenSearch image.

      sudo docker pull opensearchproject/opensearch:2

   2. Deploy OpenSearch in a container to check whether Docker runs as expected.

      sudo docker run -d \
       -p 9200:9200 \
       -p 9600:9600 \
       -e "discovery.type=single-node" \
       -e "OPENSEARCH_INITIAL_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin" \
       -e "plugins.security.disabled=true" \
       opensearchproject/opensearch:latest

      Note

      This example sets plugins.security.disabled to true to disable SSL for the HTTP and Transport layers for testing.

   3. Send a request to port 9200. The default username and password are admin.

      sudo curl -k http://localhost:9200 -ku admin:admin

      The following command output is returned:

      {
        "name" : "a937e018****",
        "cluster_name" : "docker-cluster",
        "cluster_uuid" : "GLAjAG6bTeWE****_d-CLw",
        "version" : {
          "distribution" : "opensearch",
          "number" : <version>,
          "build_type" : <build-type>,
          "build_hash" : <build-hash>,
          "build_date" : <build-date>,
          "build_snapshot" : false,
          "lucene_version" : <lucene-version>,
          "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "7.10.0",
          "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "7.0.0"
        },
        "tagline" : "The OpenSearch Project: https://opensearch.org/"
      }

1. Display all containers that are running and copy the container ID of the OpenSearch node that you are testing.

   sudo docker container ls

2. Configure NGINX for the search engine.

   1. Ensure that your global /etc/nginx/nginx.conf contains include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; to load the other configuration files in the following sections.

      vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

      

   2. Configure NGINX as a proxy.

      1. Use the Vim editor to create a file that contains the following content.

         sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento_es_auth.conf

         server {
            listen 8080;
            location /_cluster/health {
               proxy_pass http://localhost:9200/_cluster/health;
            }
         }

      2. Restart NGINX.

         sudo service nginx restart

      3. Run the following command to check whether the proxy runs as expected:

         sudo curl -u admin:admin -i http://localhost:8080/_cluster/health?pretty

         The following command output is returned.

         

Step 4: Download and install Composer

1. Install a decompression tool.

   Composer depends on the unzip or p7zip command-line tools to decompress files. Run the following command to install them.

   sudo apt-get install unzip
   sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

2. Run the following commands to install Composer:

   php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
   php -r "if (hash_file('sha384', 'composer-setup.php') === 'dac665fdc30fdd8ec78b38b9800061b4150413ff2e3b6f88543c636f7cd84f6db9189d43a81e5503cda447da73c7e5b6') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;"
   php composer-setup.php
   php -r "unlink('composer-setup.php');"

3. By placing composer.phar in a directory that is in your PATH, you can call composer from any directory.

   sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

4. View the version of Composer.

   composer --version

Step 5: Download and install Magento2

1. Create an editor project by using the access key pair that you obtained for Magento2 from the Adobe Commerce website. Set the project name to magento.

   cd /var/www/html/
   sudo composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition magento

2. When you are prompted to enter a password, enter your identity authentication key.

   Note

   • The identity authentication key is the private key of the access key pair that you obtained in the Prerequisites section.

   • Downloading the Magento2 software package requires 5 minutes to 10 minutes to complete.

   

3. Configure the read and write permissions.

   cd /var/www/html/magento
   find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type f -exec chmod g+w {} +
   find var generated vendor pub/static pub/media app/etc -type d -exec chmod g+ws {} +
   chown -R :www-data .
   chmod u+x bin/magento

4. Install Magento2.

   You must use the command line to install Adobe Commerce. In this example, db-host is on the same computer (localhost), and db-name, db-user, and db-password are all magento.

   sudo bin/magento setup:install \
     --base-url=http://196.****.*.1/ \ # Public IP address of the ECS instance
     --db-host=localhost \ # Database host
     --db-name=magento \  # Database name
     --db-user=magento \ # Database username
     --db-password=magento \ # Database password
     --admin-firstname=admin \ # First name of the backend administrator
     --admin-lastname=admin \ 
     --admin-email=cy****sper@email.com \ # Administrator's email address
     --admin-user=admin \ # Backend login username
     --admin-password=admin*** \ # Backend login password
     --language=en_US \ # Website language
     --currency=USD \
     --timezone=America/Chicago \
     --use-rewrites=1 \
     --search-engine=opensearch \ 
     --opensearch-host=localhost \
     --opensearch-port=9200 \
     --opensearch-enable-auth=1 \
     --opensearch-username=admin \
     --opensearch-password=admin \
     --opensearch-index-prefix=magento2

5. After the installation is complete, the content shown in the following figure is displayed.

   

   The Magento Admin URI is the URL for the administrator backend. This URL will be accessible after you configure Nginx. Example: http://47.****.**.72/admin_46i****.

6. Configure NGINX for forwarding.

   1. Create a file named magento.conf that is dedicated to Magento2.

      sudo vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/magento.conf

   2. Copy and paste the following code to the file, save the file, and then exit the Vim editor.

      upstream fastcgi_backend {
        server  unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
      }
      server {
        listen 80;
        server_name ip;
        set $MAGE_ROOT /var/www/html/magento;
        include /var/www/html/magento/nginx.conf.sample;
      }
      

   3. Check whether the syntax is correct.

      nginx -t

   4. Restart NGINX.

      sudo systemctl restart nginx

Visit the Magento2 website

1. In a browser, navigate to http://<Public IP address of your ECS instance> to view the default home page, as shown in the following figure.

   

2. Access http://<Public IP address of the ECS instance>/admin_46i****, and enter the backend logon account admin and login password admin*** to log in.