Image editing - Wan2.5 to 2.7

Python

Request example

import os
import base64
import mimetypes
import requests
import dashscope
from dashscope.aigc.image_generation import ImageGeneration, Message

# The following is the configuration for the China (Beijing) region. Replace {WorkspaceId} with your Bailian workspace ID when calling. The region value varies by region.
# If no environment variable is configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: api_key="sk-xxx"
# The API key is region-specific. To obtain an API key: https://help.aliyun.com/en/model-studio/get-api-key
client = dashscope.Client(
    api_key=os.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"),
    workspace="{WorkspaceId}",
    region="cn-beijing",
)

# --- Base64 encoding function ---
# The Base64 encoding format is data:{MIME_type};base64,{base64_data}
def encode_file(file_path):
    mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
    if not mime_type or not mime_type.startswith("image/"):
        raise ValueError("Unsupported or unrecognized image format")
    with open(file_path, "rb") as image_file:
        encoded_string = base64.b64encode(image_file.read()).decode("utf-8")
    return f"data:{mime_type};base64,{encoded_string}"

"""
Image input methods:
The following are three image input methods. Choose one.
1. Use a public URL - Suitable for publicly accessible images.
2. Use a local file - Suitable for local development and testing.
3. Use Base64 encoding - Suitable for private images or scenarios that require encrypted transmission.
"""
# [Method 1] Use a public image URL
image_1 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/pjeqdf/car.webp"
image_2 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/xsunlm/paint.webp"

# [Method 2] Use a local file (supports absolute and relative paths)
# image_1 = "file:///path/to/your/car.png"
# image_2 = "file:///path/to/your/paint.png"

# [Method 3] Use a Base64-encoded image
# image_1 = encode_file("/path/to/your/car.png")
# image_2 = encode_file("/path/to/your/paint.png")

print("----sync call, please wait a moment----")
# generate is a one-step call (submits the task and waits for completion) that returns the completed Job.
# The wan2.7-image series is not yet supported in SDK 2.0 (routing gap); keep the 1.x ImageGeneration call
message = Message(
    role="user",
    content=[
        {"text": "Spray-paint the graffiti from image 2 onto the car in image 1"},
        {"image": image_1},
        {"image": image_2},
    ],
)
print("----sync call, please wait a moment----")
rsp = ImageGeneration.call(
    model="wan2.7-image-pro",
    api_key=api_key,
    messages=[message],
    watermark=False,
    n=1,
    size="2K",  # wan2.7-image-pro supports 4K resolution only for text-to-image generation. Image editing and composite image generation support a maximum resolution of 2K.
)

# Fetch the URL of the generated image and save the image to a local file.
for i, image_url in enumerate(job.image_urls):
    file_name = f"output_{i}.png"
    # The URL of the generated image is valid for 24 hours. Download the image promptly.
    with open(file_name, "wb") as f:
        f.write(requests.get(image_url).content)
    print(f"Image saved to {file_name}")

Response example

The URL is valid for 24 hours. Download the image promptly.

{
    "request_id": "81d868c6-6ce1-92d8-a90d-d2ee71xxxxxx",
    "task_id": "127ec645-118f-4884-955d-0eba8dxxxxxx",
    "status": "SUCCEEDED",
    "results": [
        {
            "url": "https://dashscope-result-bj.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxx.png?Expires=xxxxxx"
        }
    ],
    "task_metrics": {
        "TOTAL": 1,
        "SUCCEEDED": 1,
        "FAILED": 0
    },
    "usage": {
        "image_count": 1,
        "size": "2985*1405"
    }
}

Java

Request example

import com.alibaba.dashscope.aigc.imagegeneration.*;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.exception.ApiException;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.exception.NoApiKeyException;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.exception.UploadFileException;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.utils.Constants;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.utils.JsonUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * wan2.7-image-pro Image Editing - Synchronous Call Example
 */
public class Main {

    static {
        // The following URL is for the China (Beijing) region. Replace {WorkspaceId} with your Bailian workspace ID. The base_url varies by region.
        Constants.baseHttpApiUrl = "https://{WorkspaceId}.cn-beijing.maas.aliyuncs.com/api/v1";
    }

    // If you have not configured the environment variable, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: apiKey="sk-xxx"
    // The API key varies by region. To obtain an API key, visit: https://help.aliyun.com/en/model-studio/get-api-key
    static String apiKey = System.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY");

    // --- Base64 Encoding Function ---
    // The Base64 encoding format is data:{MIME_type};base64,{base64_data}
    public static String encodeFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
        byte[] fileContent = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(filePath));
        String base64String = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(fileContent);
        String mimeType = Files.probeContentType(Paths.get(filePath));
        return "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + base64String;
    }

    public static void basicCall() throws ApiException, NoApiKeyException, UploadFileException, IOException {
        /*
         * Description of image input methods:
         * The following are three image input methods. You can choose one of them.
         * 1. Use a public URL - Suitable for images that are already publicly accessible.
         * 2. Use a local file - Suitable for local development and testing.
         * 3. Use Base64 encoding - Suitable for private images or scenarios that require encrypted transmission.
         */
        // [Method 1] Use a public image URL
        String image1 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/pjeqdf/car.webp";
        String image2 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/xsunlm/paint.webp";

        // [Method 2] Use a local file (supports absolute and relative paths)
        // Required format: file:// + file path
        // String image1 = "file:///path/to/your/car.png";
        // String image2 = "file:///path/to/your/paint.png";

        // [Method 3] Use a Base64-encoded image
        // String image1 = encodeFile("/path/to/your/car.png");
        // String image2 = encodeFile("/path/to/your/paint.png");

        // Build a multi-image input message
        ImageGenerationMessage message = ImageGenerationMessage.builder()
                .role("user")
                .content(Arrays.asList(
                        // Multi-image input is supported. You can provide multiple reference images.
                        Collections.singletonMap("text", "Spray-paint the graffiti from image 2 onto the car in image 1."),
                        Collections.singletonMap("image", image1),
                        Collections.singletonMap("image", image2)
                )).build();

        ImageGenerationParam param = ImageGenerationParam.builder()
                .apiKey(apiKey)
                .model("wan2.7-image-pro")
                .messages(Collections.singletonList(message))
                .n(1)
                .size("2K") // For wan2.7-image-pro, only text-to-image generation scenarios support 4K resolution. Image editing and composite image generation support a maximum resolution of 2K.
                .build();

        ImageGeneration imageGeneration = new ImageGeneration();
        ImageGenerationResult result = null;
        try {
            System.out.println("---sync call for image editing, please wait a moment----");
            result = imageGeneration.call(param);
        } catch (ApiException | NoApiKeyException | UploadFileException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
        }
        // Extract the result image URL and save it to a local file.
        for (int i = 0; i < result.getOutput().getChoices().size(); i++) {
            List<Map<String, Object>> contents = result.getOutput().getChoices().get(i)
                    .getMessage().getContent();
            for (int j = 0; j < contents.size(); j++) {
                if ("image".equals(contents.get(j).get("type"))) {
                    String imageUrl = (String) contents.get(j).get("image");
                    String fileName = "output_" + i + "_" + j + ".png";
                    // The result URL is valid for 24 hours. Please download the image promptly.
                    try (InputStream in = new URL(imageUrl).openStream()) {
                        Files.copy(in, Paths.get(fileName), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
                    }
                    System.out.println("Image saved to " + fileName);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ApiException, NoApiKeyException, UploadFileException, IOException {
        basicCall();
    }
}

Response example

The URL is valid for 24 hours. Save it promptly.

{
    "requestId": "1bf6173a-e8de-9f75-94d3-5e618f875xxx",
    "usage": {
        "input_tokens": 18790,
        "output_tokens": 2,
        "total_tokens": 18792,
        "image_count": 1,
        "size": "2985*1405"
    },
    "output": {
        "choices": [
            {
                "finish_reason": "stop",
                "message": {
                    "role": "assistant",
                    "content": [
                        {
                            "image": "https://dashscope-result-bj.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxx.png?Expires=xxxxxx",
                            "type": "image"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        ],
        "finished": true
    },
    "status_code": 200,
    "code": "",
    "message": ""
}

curl

Request example

curl --location 'https://{WorkspaceId}.cn-beijing.maas.aliyuncs.com/api/v1/services/aigc/multimodal-generation/generation' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--header "Authorization: Bearer $DASHSCOPE_API_KEY" \
--data '{
    "model": "wan2.7-image-pro",
    "input": {
        "messages": [
            {
                "role": "user",
                "content": [
                    {"image": "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/pjeqdf/car.webp"},
                    {"image": "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/xsunlm/paint.webp"},
                    {"text": "Spray-paint the graffiti from image 2 onto the car in image 1."}
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    "parameters": {
        "size": "2K",
        "n": 1,
        "watermark": false
    }
}'

Response example

{
    "output": {
        "choices": [
            {
                "finish_reason": "stop",
                "message": {
                    "content": [
                        {
                            "image": "https://dashscope-xxx.oss-xxx.aliyuncs.com/xxx.png?Expires=xxx",
                            "type": "image"
                        }
                    ],
                    "role": "assistant"
                }
            }
        ],
        "finished": true
    },
    "usage": {
        "image_count": 1,
        "input_tokens": 10867,
        "output_tokens": 2,
        "size": "1488*704",
        "total_tokens": 10869
    },
    "request_id": "71dfc3c6-f796-9972-97e4-bc4efc4faxxx"
}

Python

Request example

import os
import base64
import mimetypes
import requests
import dashscope

# The following is the configuration for the China (Beijing) region. Replace {WorkspaceId} with your Bailian workspace ID when calling. The region value varies by region.
# If no environment variable is configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: api_key="sk-xxx"
# The API key is region-specific. To obtain an API key: https://help.aliyun.com/en/model-studio/get-api-key
client = dashscope.Client(
    api_key=os.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"),
    workspace="{WorkspaceId}",
    region="cn-beijing",
)

# --- Base64 encoding function ---
# The Base64 encoding format is data:{MIME_type};base64,{base64_data}
def encode_file(file_path):
    mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type(file_path)
    if not mime_type or not mime_type.startswith("image/"):
        raise ValueError("Unsupported or unrecognized image format")
    with open(file_path, "rb") as image_file:
        encoded_string = base64.b64encode(image_file.read()).decode("utf-8")
    return f"data:{mime_type};base64,{encoded_string}"

"""
Image input methods:
The following are three image input methods. Choose one.
1. Use a public URL - Suitable for publicly accessible images.
2. Use a local file - Suitable for local development and testing.
3. Use Base64 encoding - Suitable for private images or scenarios that require encrypted transmission.
"""
# [Method 1] Use a public image URL
image_1 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/pjeqdf/car.webp"
image_2 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/xsunlm/paint.webp"

# [Method 2] Use a local file (supports absolute and relative paths)
# image_1 = "file:///path/to/your/car.png"
# image_2 = "file:///path/to/your/paint.png"

# [Method 3] Use a Base64-encoded image
# image_1 = encode_file("/path/to/your/car.png")
# image_2 = encode_file("/path/to/your/paint.png")

# Create an asynchronous task
def create_async_task():
    print("Creating async task...")
    job = client.images.jobs.create(
        model="wan2.7-image-pro",
        prompt="Spray the graffiti from image 2 onto the car in image 1",
        extra_input={'images': [image_1, image_2]},
        watermark=False,
        n=1,
        size="2K",  # wan2.7-image-pro supports 4K resolution only for text-to-image generation. Image editing and composite image generation support a maximum resolution of 2K.
    )

    print("Task created successfully:", job.task_id, job.status)
    return job

# Wait for the task to complete (exponential backoff polling, default total budget of 24 hours; a FAILED task raises DashScopeError)
def wait_for_completion(job):
    print("Waiting for task completion...")
    done = client.images.jobs.wait(job)

    print("Task succeeded!")
    # Fetch the URL of the generated image and save the image to a local file.
    for i, image_url in enumerate(done.image_urls):
        file_name = f"output_{i}.png"
        # The URL of the generated image is valid for 24 hours. Download the image promptly.
        with open(file_name, "wb") as f:
            f.write(requests.get(image_url).content)
        print(f"Image saved to {file_name}")

# Fetch asynchronous task information
def fetch_task_status(task_id):
    print("Fetching task status...")
    snapshot = client.images.jobs.fetch(task_id)

    print("Task status:", snapshot.status)

# Cancel the asynchronous task. Only tasks in the PENDING state can be canceled.
def cancel_task(task_id):
    print("Canceling task...")
    client.images.jobs.cancel(task_id)

# Main execution flow
if __name__ == "__main__":
    job = create_async_task()
    wait_for_completion(job)

Response example

1. Response example for creating a task

{
    "request_id": "4fb3050f-de57-4a24-84ff-e37ee5xxxxxx",
    "task_id": "127ec645-118f-4884-955d-0eba8dxxxxxx",
    "status": "PENDING"
}

2. Response example for querying a task result

   The URL is valid for 24 hours. Download the image promptly.

{
    "request_id": "3b99aae5-d26f-9059-8dd0-ee9ca4804xxx",
    "task_id": "127ec645-118f-4884-955d-0eba8dxxxxxx",
    "status": "SUCCEEDED",
    "results": [
        {
            "url": "https://dashscope-result-bj.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxx.png?Expires=xxxxxx"
        }
    ],
    "task_metrics": {
        "TOTAL": 1,
        "SUCCEEDED": 1,
        "FAILED": 0
    },
    "usage": {
        "image_count": 1,
        "size": "2985*1405"
    }
}

Java

Request example

import com.alibaba.dashscope.aigc.imagegeneration.*;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.exception.ApiException;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.exception.NoApiKeyException;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.exception.UploadFileException;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.utils.Constants;
import com.alibaba.dashscope.utils.JsonUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * wan2.7-image-pro image editing - Asynchronous invocation example
 */
public class Main {

    static {
        // The following URL is for the China (Beijing) region. Replace {WorkspaceId} with your Bailian workspace ID. The base_url varies by region.
        Constants.baseHttpApiUrl = "https://{WorkspaceId}.cn-beijing.maas.aliyuncs.com/api/v1";
    }

    // If you have not configured environment variables, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: apiKey="sk-xxx"
    // API keys are region-specific. To obtain an API key, visit: https://help.aliyun.com/en/model-studio/get-api-key
    static String apiKey = System.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY");

    // --- Base64 encoding function ---
    // The Base64 encoding format is data:{MIME_type};base64,{base64_data}
    public static String encodeFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
        byte[] fileContent = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(filePath));
        String base64String = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(fileContent);
        String mimeType = Files.probeContentType(Paths.get(filePath));
        return "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + base64String;
    }

    public static void asyncCall() throws ApiException, NoApiKeyException, UploadFileException, IOException {
        /*
         * Description of image input methods:
         * Three image input methods are provided below. Choose one.
         * 1. Use a public URL - Suitable for publicly accessible images.
         * 2. Use a local file - Suitable for local development and testing.
         * 3. Use Base64 encoding - Suitable for private images or scenarios that require encrypted transmission.
         */
        // [Method 1] Use a public image URL
        String image1 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/pjeqdf/car.webp";
        String image2 = "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/xsunlm/paint.webp";

        // [Method 2] Use a local file (supports absolute and relative paths)
        // Required format: file:// + file path
        // String image1 = "file:///path/to/your/car.png";
        // String image2 = "file:///path/to/your/paint.png";

        // [Method 3] Use a Base64-encoded image
        // String image1 = encodeFile("/path/to/your/car.png");
        // String image2 = encodeFile("/path/to/your/paint.png");

        // Build a multi-image input message
        ImageGenerationMessage message = ImageGenerationMessage.builder()
                .role("user")
                .content(Arrays.asList(
                        // Multi-image input is supported. You can provide multiple reference images.
                        Collections.singletonMap("text", "Spray the graffiti from image 2 onto the car in image 1"),
                        Collections.singletonMap("image", image1),
                        Collections.singletonMap("image", image2)
                )).build();

        ImageGenerationParam param = ImageGenerationParam.builder()
                .apiKey(apiKey)
                .model("wan2.7-image-pro")
                .n(1)
                .size("2K") // The wan2.7-image-pro model supports 4K resolution only for text-to-image generation. For image editing and composition, the maximum supported resolution is 2K.
                .messages(Arrays.asList(message))
                .build();

        ImageGeneration imageGeneration = new ImageGeneration();
        ImageGenerationResult result = null;
        try {
            System.out.println("---async call for image editing, creating task----");
            result = imageGeneration.asyncCall(param);
        } catch (ApiException | NoApiKeyException | UploadFileException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
        }
        System.out.println("Task creation result:");
        System.out.println(JsonUtils.toJson(result));

        String taskId = result.getOutput().getTaskId();
        // Wait for the task to complete.
        waitTask(taskId);
    }

    public static void waitTask(String taskId) throws ApiException, NoApiKeyException, IOException {
        ImageGeneration imageGeneration = new ImageGeneration();
        System.out.println("\n---waiting for task completion----");
        ImageGenerationResult result = imageGeneration.wait(taskId, apiKey);
        // Extract the URL of the result image and save it locally.
        for (int i = 0; i < result.getOutput().getChoices().size(); i++) {
            List<Map<String, Object>> contents = result.getOutput().getChoices().get(i)
                    .getMessage().getContent();
            for (int j = 0; j < contents.size(); j++) {
                if ("image".equals(contents.get(j).get("type"))) {
                    String imageUrl = (String) contents.get(j).get("image");
                    String fileName = "output_" + i + "_" + j + ".png";
                    // The result URL is valid for 24 hours. Download the image in a timely manner.
                    try (InputStream in = new URL(imageUrl).openStream()) {
                        Files.copy(in, Paths.get(fileName), StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
                    }
                    System.out.println("Image saved to " + fileName);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ApiException, NoApiKeyException, UploadFileException, IOException {
        asyncCall();
    }
}

Response example

1. Response example for creating a task

{
    "requestId": "ccf4b2f4-bf30-9e13-9461-3a28c6a7bxxx",
    "output": {
        "task_id": "8811b4a4-00ac-4aa2-a2fd-017d3b90cxxx",
        "task_status": "PENDING"
    },
    "status_code": 200,
    "code": "",
    "message": ""
}

2. Response example for querying a task result

   The URL is valid for 24 hours. Save it promptly.

{
    "requestId": "60a08540-f1c1-9e76-8cd3-d5949db8cxxx",
    "usage": {
        "input_tokens": 18711,
        "output_tokens": 2,
        "total_tokens": 18713,
        "image_count": 1,
        "size": "2985*1405"
    },
    "output": {
        "choices": [
            {
                "finish_reason": "stop",
                "message": {
                    "role": "assistant",
                    "content": [
                        {
                            "image": "https://dashscope-result-bj.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/xxxxxx.png?Expires=xxxxxx",
                            "type": "image"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        ],
        "task_id": "8811b4a4-00ac-4aa2-a2fd-017d3b90cxxx",
        "task_status": "SUCCEEDED",
        "finished": true,
        "submit_time": "2026-03-31 19:57:58.840",
        "scheduled_time": "2026-03-31 19:57:58.877",
        "end_time": "2026-03-31 19:58:11.563"
    },
    "status_code": 200,
    "code": "",
    "message": ""
}

curl

Step 1: Create a task to get the task ID

curl --location 'https://{WorkspaceId}.cn-beijing.maas.aliyuncs.com/api/v1/services/aigc/image-generation/generation' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--header "Authorization: Bearer $DASHSCOPE_API_KEY" \
--header "X-DashScope-Async: enable" \
--data '{
    "model": "wan2.7-image-pro",
    "input": {
        "messages": [
            {
                "role": "user",
                "content": [
                    {"image": "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/pjeqdf/car.webp"},
                    {"image": "https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20251229/xsunlm/paint.webp"},
                    {"text": "Spray-paint the graffiti from image 2 onto the car in image 1"}
                ]
            }
        ]
    },
    "parameters": {
        "size": "2K",
        "n": 1,
        "watermark": false
    }
}'

{
    "output": {
        "task_status": "PENDING",
        "task_id": "0385dc79-5ff8-4d82-bcb6-xxxxxx"
    },
    "request_id": "4909100c-7b5a-9f92-bfe5-xxxxxx"
}

Step2: Query the result by task ID

Use the task_id obtained in the previous step to poll the task status through the API until the task_status becomes SUCCEEDED or FAILED.

Replace {task_id} with the task_id value returned by the previous API call. The task_id is valid for queries for 24 hours, Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID.

curl -X GET https://{WorkspaceId}.cn-beijing.maas.aliyuncs.com/api/v1/tasks/{task_id} \
--header "Authorization: Bearer $DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"

The image URL is valid for 24 hours. Download the image promptly.

{
    "request_id": "810fa5f5-334c-91f3-aaa4-ed89cf0caxxx",
    "output": {
        "task_id": "a81ee7cb-014c-473d-b842-76e98311cxxx",
        "task_status": "SUCCEEDED",
        "submit_time": "2026-03-26 17:16:01.663",
        "scheduled_time": "2026-03-26 17:16:01.716",
        "end_time": "2026-03-26 17:16:22.961",
        "finished": true,
        "choices": [
            {
                "finish_reason": "stop",
                "message": {
                    "role": "assistant",
                    "content": [
                        {
                            "image": "https://dashscope-xxx.oss-xxx.aliyuncs.com/xxx.png?Expires=xxx",
                            "type": "image"
                        }
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "usage": {
        "size": "2976*1408",
        "total_tokens": 11017,
        "image_count": 1,
        "output_tokens": 2,
        "input_tokens": 11015
    }
}