ALB Ingress服务高级用法

ACK Serverless集群中,ALB Ingress对集群服务(Service)中外部可访问的API对象进行管理,提供七层负载均衡能力。本文介绍如何使用ALB Ingress将来自不同域名或URL路径的请求转发给不同的后端服务器组、将HTTP访问重定向至HTTPS及实现灰度发布等功能。

索引

前提条件

基于域名转发请求

通过创建一个简单的Ingress,根据指定的正常域名或空域名转发请求,示例如下。

基于正常域名转发请求

  1. 部署以下模板,分别创建Service、Deployment和Ingress,将访问请求通过Ingress的域名转发至Service。

    1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: demo-service
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ports:
        - name: port1
          port: 80
          protocol: TCP
          targetPort: 8080
      selector:
        app: demo
      sessionAffinity: None
      type: NodePort
    ---
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: demo
      namespace: default
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: demo
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: demo
        spec:
          containers:
            - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alb-sample/cafe:v1
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              name: demo
              ports:
                - containerPort: 8080
                  protocol: TCP
    ---
    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - host: demo.domain.ingress.top
          http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  service:
                    name: demo-service
                    port: 
                      number: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: demo-service
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ports:
        - name: port1
          port: 80
          protocol: TCP
          targetPort: 8080
      selector:
        app: demo
      sessionAffinity: None
      type: NodePort
    ---
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: demo
      namespace: default
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: demo
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: demo
        spec:
          containers:
            - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alb-sample/cafe:v1
              imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
              name: demo
              ports:
                - containerPort: 8080
                  protocol: TCP
    ---
    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - host: demo.domain.ingress.top
          http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  serviceName: demo-service
                  servicePort: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  2. 执行以下命令,通过指定的正常域名访问服务。

    替换ADDRESS为ALB实例对应的域名地址,可通过kubectl get ing获取。

    curl -H "host: demo.domain.ingress.top" <ADDRESS>/hello

    预期输出:

    {"hello":"coffee"}

基于空域名转发请求

  1. 部署以下模板,创建Ingress。

    1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - host: ""
          http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  service:
                    name: demo-service
                    port: 
                      number: 80
                path: /hello

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - host: ""
          http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  serviceName: demo-service
                  servicePort: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  2. 执行以下命令,通过空域名访问服务。

    替换ADDRESS为ALB实例对应的域名地址,可通过kubectl get ing获取。

    curl <ADDRESS>/hello

    预期输出:

    {"hello":"coffee"}

基于URL路径转发请求

ALB Ingress支持按照URL转发请求,可以通过pathType字段设置不同的URL匹配策略。pathType支持Exact、ImplementationSpecific和Prefix三种匹配方式。

说明

URL匹配策略可能存在冲突的情况,此时将会按照转发规则优先级进行排序,然后再转发请求,详情请参见配置转发规则优先级

匹配方式

规则路径

请求路径

路径和请求路径是否匹配

Prefix

/

(所有路径)

Prefix

/foo

  • /foo

  • /foo/

Prefix

/foo/

  • /foo

  • /foo/

Prefix

/aaa/bb

/aaa/bbb

Prefix

/aaa/bbb

/aaa/bbb

Prefix

/aaa/bbb/

/aaa/bbb

是,请求路径忽略规则路径的尾部斜线

Prefix

/aaa/bbb

/aaa/bbb/

是,规则路径匹配请求路径的尾部斜线

Prefix

/aaa/bbb

/aaa/bbb/ccc

是,规则路径匹配请求路径的子路径

Prefix

同时设置两个规则路径:

  • /

  • /aaa

/aaa/ccc

是,请求路径匹配规则路径的/前缀

Prefix

同时设置两个规则路径:

  • /aaa

  • /

/aaa/ccc

是,请求路径匹配规则路径的/aaa前缀

Prefix

同时设置两个规则路径:

  • /aaa

  • /

/ccc

是,请求路径匹配规则路径的/前缀

Prefix

/aaa

/ccc

否,未匹配前缀

Exact或ImplementationSpecific

/foo

/foo

Exact或ImplementationSpecific

/foo

/bar

Exact或ImplementationSpecific

/foo

/foo/

Exact或ImplementationSpecific

/foo/

/foo

三种匹配方式的示例如下:

Exact

  1. 部署以下模板,创建Ingress。

    1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo-path
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
            - path: /hello
              backend:
                service:
                  name: demo-service
                  port: 
                    number: 80
              pathType: Exact

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo-path
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
            - path: /hello
              backend:
                serviceName: demo-service
                servicePort: 80
              pathType: Exact
  2. 执行以下命令,访问服务。

    替换ADDRESS为ALB实例对应的域名地址,可通过kubectl get ing获取。

    curl <ADDRESS>/hello

    预期输出:

    {"hello":"coffee"}

(默认)ImplementationSpecific

在ALB Ingress中与Exact做相同处理。

  1. 部署以下模板,创建Ingress。

  2. 1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo-path
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
            - path: /hello
              backend:
                service:
                  name: demo-service
                  port:
                    number: 80
              pathType: ImplementationSpecific

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo-path
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
            - path: /hello
              backend:
                serviceName: demo-service
                servicePort: 80
              pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  3. 执行以下命令,访问服务。

  4. 替换ADDRESS为ALB实例对应的域名地址,可通过kubectl get ing获取。

  5. curl <ADDRESS>/hello

    预期输出:

    {"hello":"coffee"}

Prefix

/分隔的URL路径进行前缀匹配。匹配区分大小写,并且对路径中的元素逐个完成匹配。

  1. 部署以下模板,创建Ingress。

  2. 1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo-path-prefix
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
            - path: /
              backend:
                service:
                  name: demo-service
                  port:
                    number: 80
              pathType: Prefix

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: demo-path-prefix
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
            - path: /
              backend:
                serviceName: demo-service
                servicePort: 80
              pathType: Prefix
  3. 执行以下命令,访问服务。

  4. 替换ADDRESS为ALB实例对应的域名地址,可通过kubectl get ing获取。

  5. curl <ADDRESS>/hello

    预期输出:

    {"hello":"coffee"}

配置健康检查

ALB Ingress支持配置健康检查,可以通过设置以下注解来实现。

配置健康检查的YAML示例如下所示:

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-enabled: "true"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-path: "/"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-protocol: "HTTP"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-httpversion: "HTTP1.1"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-method: "HEAD"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-code: "http_2xx"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-timeout-seconds: "5"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-interval-seconds: "2"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthy-threshold-count: "3"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/unhealthy-threshold-count: "3"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      # 配置Context Path
      - path: /tea
        backend:
          service:
            name: tea-svc
            port:
              number: 80
      # 配置Context Path
      - path: /coffee
        backend:
          service:
            name: coffee-svc
            port:
              number: 80

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-enabled: "true"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-path: "/"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-protocol: "HTTP"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-method: "HEAD"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-httpcode: "http_2xx"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-timeout-seconds: "5"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-interval-seconds: "2"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthy-threshold-count: "3"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/unhealthy-threshold-count: "3"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      # 配置Context Path。
      - path: /tea
        backend:
          serviceName: tea-svc
          servicePort: 80
      # 配置Context Path。
      - path: /coffee
        backend:
          serviceName: coffee-svc
          servicePort: 80

参数

说明

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-enabled

是否开启后端服务器组的健康检查。

  • true:开启健康检查。

  • false:不开启健康检查。

默认值:false

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-path

健康检查路径。

默认值:/

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-protocol

健康检查使用的协议。

  • HTTP:使用HTTP协议,通过发送HEAD或GET请求模拟浏览器的访问行为检查服务器应用是否健康。

  • HTTPS:使用HTTPS协议,通过发送HEAD或GET请求模拟浏览器的访问行为检查服务器应用是否健康。

  • TCP:使用TCP协议,通过发送SYN握手报文检测服务器端口是否存活。

  • GRPC:使用gRPC协议,通过发送POST或GET请求检查服务器应用是否健康。

默认值:HTTP

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-httpversion

HTTP协议版本,healthcheck-protocolHTTPHTTPS时生效。

  • HTTP1.0

  • HTTP1.1

默认值:HTTP1.1

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-method

健康检查的方法。

  • HEAD

  • POST

  • GET

默认值:HEAD

重要

healthcheck-protocolGRPC时,需要选择POSTGET

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-httpcode

健康检查状态码。仅当探测请求成功且返回指定状态码时,才认为该后端服务器状态正常。

可以填入以下选项中的任意一个或多个组合,多个状态码用英文半角逗号(,)分隔:

  • http_2xx

  • http_3xx

  • http_4xx

  • http_5xx

默认值:http_2xx

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-code

健康检查状态码,仅当探测请求成功且返回指定状态码时,才认为该后端服务器状态正常。

healthcheck-httpcode同时使用时,以此字段为准。

可选参数依赖于healthcheck-protocol中填入的值:

  • HTTP或HTTPS

    可以填入以下选项中的任意一个或多个组合,多个状态码用英文半角逗号(,)分隔:

    • http_2xx

    • http_3xx

    • http_4xx

    • http_5xx

    默认值:http_2xx

  • GRPC

    取值范围:[0, 99]。

    默认值:0

    支持范围输入,最多填入20个范围值,多个范围值使用半角逗号(,)分隔。

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-timeout-seconds

健康检查超时时间,单位秒(s)。

取值范围:[1, 300]。

默认值:5

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-interval-seconds

健康检查间隔周期,单位秒(s)。

取值范围:[1, 50]。

默认值:2

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthy-threshold-count

健康检查成功多少次判定为成功。

取值范围:[2, 10]。

默认值:3

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/unhealthy-threshold-count

健康检查失败多少次判定为失败。

取值范围:[2, 10]。

默认值:3

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/healthcheck-connect-port

健康检查使用的端口。

默认值:0

说明

0表示使用后端服务器的端口进行健康检查。

配置HTTP重定向至HTTPS

ALB Ingress通过设置注解alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true",可以将HTTP请求重定向到HTTPS 443端口。

重要

ALB不支持直接在Ingress中创建新的监听。为确保Ingress能够正常工作,您需要先在AlbConfig中创建所需的监听端口和协议,然后在Ingress中将这些监听与服务关联起来。关于如何创建ALB监听,请参见通过AlbConfig配置ALB监听

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: demo-service-ssl
  namespace: default
spec:
  ports:
    - name: port1
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app: demo-ssl
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: demo-ssl
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: demo-ssl
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: demo-ssl
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alb-sample/cafe:v1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: demo-ssl
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
              protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
  name: demo-ssl
  namespace: default
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - ssl.alb.ingress.top
  rules:
    - host: ssl.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: demo-service-ssl
              servicePort: 80
            path: /
            pathType: Prefix

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: demo-service-ssl
  namespace: default
spec:
  ports:
    - name: port1
      port: 80
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 8080
  selector:
    app: demo-ssl
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: demo-ssl
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: demo-ssl
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: demo-ssl
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/alb-sample/cafe:v1
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
          name: demo-ssl
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
              protocol: TCP
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
  name: demo-ssl
  namespace: default
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - ssl.alb.ingress.top
  rules:
    - host: ssl.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              service:
                name: demo-service-ssl
                port: 
                  number: 80
            path: /
            pathType: Prefix

支持后端HTTPS和gRPC协议

当前ALB后端协议支持HTTPS和gRPC协议,通过ALB Ingress只需要在注解中配置alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "grpc"alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "https"即可。使用Ingress转发gRPC服务需要对应域名拥有SSL证书,使用TLS协议进行通信。配置gRPC协议的示例如下:

说明

后端协议不支持修改,如果您需要变更协议,请删除重建Ingress。

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "grpc"
  name: lxd-grpc-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - demo.alb.ingress.top
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:  
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: grpc-demo-svc
            port:
              number: 9080

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "grpc"
  name: lxd-grpc-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - demo.alb.ingress.top
  rules:
    - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: grpc-demo-svc
              servicePort: 9080
            path: /
            pathType: Prefix

配置正则表达

自定义转发条件中配置,需要用户自己在path路径上编写正则表达式。配置示例如下:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
   alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" # 允许path字段使用正则表达式。
   alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/conditions.service-a: | # 该注解中的服务为集群中已存在的服务,且服务名称必须和rule字段backend下的服务名称保持一致。
     [{
       "type": "Path",
       "pathConfig": {
           "values": [
              "~*^/pathvalue1", # 正则表达式前需要添加~*作为正则标志,~*后的内容为实际生效的正则表达式。
              "/pathvalue2" # 精确匹配前无需添加~*。
           ]
       }
      }]
  name: ingress-example
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
   - http:
      paths:
      - path: /test
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: service-a
            port:
              number: 88

支持Rewrite重写

当前ALB支持Rewrite重写,通过ALB Ingress只需要在注解中配置alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /path/${2} 即可。规则如下:

  • rewrite-target注解中,${number}类型的变量需要在路径为Prefix类型的path上配置。

  • path默认无法配置正则符号,例如*?等,您需要通过配置rewrite-target注解使用正则符号。

  • path必须以 / 开头。

说明

ALB的Rewrite重写支持正则表达式替换,规则如下:

  • 您可以在Ingress的path中写入一个或多个正则表达式,支持写入多个(),但是rewrite-target注解中重写路径最多可以配置${1}${2}${3}变量中的一个或多个,最多可获取三个变量。

  • Rewrite重写支持正则表达式匹配的结果作为参数自由组合,自由拼接出您想要的重写规则。

  • Rewrite重写通过正则表达式替换的逻辑是:客户端的请求匹配到正则表达式,正则表达式中有多个(),且rewrite-target注解含有${1}${2}${3}变量中的一个或多个。

例如Ingress的path配置为/sys/(.*)/(.*)/aaarewrite-target注解配置为/${1}/${2}。当客户端发送请求的路径为/sys/ccc/bbb/aaa时,path会匹配到/sys/(.*)/(.*)/aaarewrite-target注解生效会把${1}替换为ccc${2}替换为bbb,最终后端服务器接收到的请求路径为/ccc/bbb

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" # 允许path字段使用正则表达式。
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /path/${2} # 该注解支持正则表达式替换。
  name: rewrite-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /something(/|$)(.*)
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: rewrite-svc
            port:
              number: 9080

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true" # 允许path字段使用正则表达式。
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /path/${2} # 该注解支持正则表达式替换。
  name: rewrite-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
    - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: rewrite-svc
              servicePort: 9080
            path: /something(/|$)(.*)
            pathType: Prefix

配置自定义监听端口

当前支持Ingress配置自定义监听端口。通过该方式,可以将服务同时暴露80端口和443端口,配置示例如下:

重要

ALB不支持直接在Ingress中创建新的监听。为确保Ingress能够正常工作,您需要先在AlbConfig中创建所需的监听端口和协议,然后在Ingress中将这些监听与服务关联起来。关于如何创建ALB监听,请参见通过AlbConfig配置ALB监听

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress
  annotations:
   alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/listen-ports: '[{"HTTP": 80},{"HTTPS": 443}]'
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - demo.alb.ingress.top
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /tea
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
        backend:
          service:
            name: tea-svc
            port:
              number: 80

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/listen-ports: '[{"HTTP": 80},{"HTTPS": 443}]'
  name: cafe-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  tls:
  - hosts:
    - demo.alb.ingress.top
  rules:
    - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: tea-svc
              servicePort: 80
            path: /tea-svc
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific

配置转发规则优先级

默认情况下,Ingress按照以下规则进行ALB转发规则优先级排序:

  • 不同Ingress按照namespace/name的字典顺序优先级进行排列,字典顺序小的优先级高。

  • 同一个Ingress按照rule字段先后顺序进行排序,配置在上面的优先级高。

如果您不想修改Ingress的namespace/name字段,可以配置以下Ingress注解定义ALB转发规则优先级:

说明

同一个监听内规则优先级必须唯一。您可以使用alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order标识Ingress之间的优先级顺序,取值范围为1~1000,值越小表示优先级越高。Ingress默认标识为数字10。

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress
  annotations:
   alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "2"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /tea
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
        backend:
          service:
            name: tea-svc
            port:
              number: 80

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "2" 
  name: cafe-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
    - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: tea-svc
              servicePort: 80
            path: /tea-svc
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific

通过注解实现灰度发布

ALB提供复杂路由处理能力,支持基于Header、Cookie以及权重的灰度发布功能。灰度发布功能可以通过设置注解来实现,为了启用灰度发布功能,需要设置注解alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true",通过不同注解可以实现不同的灰度发布功能:

说明
  • 灰度优先级顺序:基于Header>基于Cookie>基于权重(从高到低)。

  • 灰度过程中不能删除原有的规则,否则会导致服务异常。待灰度验证无误后,将原有Ingress中的后端服务Service更新为新的Service,最后将灰度的Ingress删除。

  • alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-headeralb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value:匹配的Request Header的值,该规则允许您自定义Request Header的值,但必须与alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header一起使用。

    • 当请求中的headerheader-value与设置的值匹配时,请求流量会被分配到灰度服务入口。

    • 对于其他header值,将会忽略header,并通过灰度优先级将请求流量分配到其他规则设置的灰度服务。

    当请求Header为location: hz时将访问灰度服务;其他Header将根据灰度权重将流量分配给灰度服务。配置示例如下:

    1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "1"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header: "location"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value: "hz"
      name: demo-canary
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  service:
                    name: demo-service-hello
                    port: 
                      number: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "1"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header: "location"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-header-value: "hz"
      name: demo-canary
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  serviceName:demo-service-hello
                  servicePort: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  • alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie:基于Cookie的流量切分。

    • 当配置的cookie值为always时,请求流量将被分配到灰度服务入口。

    • 当配置的cookie值为never时,请求流量将不会分配到灰度服务入口。

    说明

    基于Cookie的灰度不支持设置自定义,只有alwaysnever

    请求的Cookie为demo=always时将访问灰度服务。配置示例如下:

    1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "2"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie: "demo"
      name: demo-canary-cookie
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  service:
                    name: demo-service-hello
                    port: 
                      number: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "2"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-by-cookie: "demo"
      name: demo-canary-cookie
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  serviceName:demo-service-hello
                  servicePort: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific
  • alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight:设置请求到指定服务的百分比(值为0~100的整数)。

    配置灰度服务的权重为50%,示例如下:

    1.19及之后版本集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "3"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: "50"
      name: demo-canary-weight
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  service:
                    name: demo-service-hello
                    port: 
                      number: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific

    1.19版本之前集群

    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/order: "3"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary: "true"
        alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/canary-weight: "50"
      name: demo-canary-weight
      namespace: default
    spec:
      ingressClassName: alb
      rules:
        - http:
            paths:
              - backend:
                  serviceName: demo-service-hello
                  servicePort: 80
                path: /hello
                pathType: ImplementationSpecific

通过注解实现会话保持

ALB Ingress支持通过注解实现会话保持:

  • alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/sticky-session:是否启用会话保持。取值:truefalse;默认值:false

  • alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/sticky-session-type:Cookie的处理方式。取值:InsertServer;默认值:Insert

    • Insert:植入Cookie。客户端第一次访问时,负载均衡会在返回请求中植入Cookie(即在HTTP或HTTPS响应报文中插入SERVERID),下次客户端携带此Cookie访问时,负载均衡服务会将请求定向转发给之前记录到的后端服务器。

    • Server:重写Cookie。负载均衡发现用户自定义了Cookie,将会对原来的Cookie进行重写,下次客户端携带新的Cookie访问时,负载均衡服务会将请求定向转发给之前记录到的后端服务器。

    说明

    当前服务器组StickySessionEnabledtrue时,该参数生效。

  • alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cookie-timeout:Cookie超时时间。单位:秒;取值:1~86400;默认值:1000

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress-v3
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/sticky-session: "true"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/sticky-session-type: "Insert"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cookie-timeout: "1800"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      #配置Context Path。
      - path: /tea2
        backend:
          service:
            name: tea-svc
            port: 
             number: 80
      # 配置Context Path。
       - path: /coffee2
         backend:
           service:
              name: coffee-svc
              port: 
               number: 80

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress-v3
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/sticky-session: "true"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/sticky-session-type: "Insert"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cookie-timeout: "1800"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      #配置Context Path。
      - path: /tea2
        backend:
          serviceName: tea-svc
          servicePort: 80
      #配置Context Path。
      - path: /coffee2
        backend:
          serviceName: coffee-svc
          servicePort: 80

指定服务器组负载均衡算法

ALB Ingress支持通过设置Ingress注解alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler指定服务器组负载均衡算法。配置示例如下:

1.19及之后版本集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler: "uch" # 此处的uch可按需配置为wrr、sch和wlc。
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler-uch-value: "test" # 仅负载均衡算法为uch时,需要配置此参数。当调度算法为wrr、sch或wlc均无需配置此参数。
  name: cafe-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /tea
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
        backend:
          service:
            name: tea-svc
            port:
              number: 80

1.19版本之前集群

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler: "uch" # 此处的uch也可按需配置为wrr、sch和wlc。
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler-uch-value: "test" # 仅负载均衡算法为uch时,需要配置此参数。当调度算法为wrr、sch或wlc均无需配置此参数。
  name: cafe-ingress
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
    - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
      http:
        paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: tea-svc
              servicePort: 80
            path: /tea-svc
            pathType: ImplementationSpecific

调度算法alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler取值说明:

  • wrr:默认值,权重值越高的后端服务器,被轮询到的概率也越高。

  • wlc:根据每台后端服务器设定的权重值和后端服务器的实际负载(即连接数)进行轮询。当权重值相同时,当前连接数越小的后端服务器被轮询到的概率越高。

  • sch:源IP一致性Hash。

  • uch:URL参数一致性Hash。ALB Ingress支持服务器组负载均衡算法为uch时,通过注解alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-scheduler-uch-value指定URL参数进行一致性Hash。

跨域配置

当前ALB Ingress支持跨域配置示例如下:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: alb-ingress
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/enable-cors: "true"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-expose-headers: ""
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-methods: "GET,POST"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentials: "true"
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-max-age: "600"

spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: cloud-nodeport
            port:
              number: 80

参数

说明

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-origin

允许通过浏览器访问服务器资源的站点。站点之间使用半角逗号(,)分割。 单个value值必须以http://或者https://开头后跟一个正确域名,或者一级的泛域名。

默认值:*,示例:alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-origin: "https://example.com:4443, http://aliyundoc.com, https://example.org:1199"

alb.ingress.kunbernetes.io/cors-allow

允许跨域方法,不区分大小写。跨域方法之间使用半角逗号(,)分割。

默认值:GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, PATCH, OPTIONS,示例:alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-methods: "PUT, GET, POST, OPTIONS"

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-headers

允许跨域传播的请求头,只能输入字母、数字、下划线(_)和短划线(-)。请求头之间使用半角逗号(,)分割。

默认值:DNT,X-CustomHeader,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type,Authorization,示例:alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-headers: "X-Forwarded-For, X-app123-XPTO"

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-expose-headers

允许暴露的Header列表,允许输入字母、数字、下划线(_)、短划线(-)和星号(*)。Header之间使用半角逗号(,)分割。

默认值:empty,示例:alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-expose-headers: "*, X-CustomResponseHeader"

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentials

设置跨域访问时是否允许携带凭证信息。

默认值:true,示例:alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-allow-credentials: "false"

alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/cors-max-age

对于非简单请求,设置OPTIONS预检请求在浏览器的最大缓存时间(秒),取值范围[-1,172800]。

默认值:172800

后端长链接

传统的负载均衡会采用短链接的方式访问后端服务器组,每一条请求都需要经历TCP层面的建立连接和断开连接,使网络连接成为这类高性能系统的瓶颈,通过负载均衡的后端长链接支持,极大的减少了处理连接层面的资源消耗,以此大幅度提高处理性能。当前在ALB Ingress中可以通过注解alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-keepalive开启后端长链接。参考示例如下:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: alb-ingress
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-keepalive: "true"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
  - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: cloud-nodeport
            port:
              number: 80

支持QPS限速

ALB本身支持转发规则的QPS限速功能,限速值要求在1~100000之间。当前在ALB Ingress只需要设置alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/traffic-limit-qps注解即可。参考示例如下:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: cafe-ingress
  annotations:
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/traffic-limit-qps: "50"
spec:
  ingressClassName: alb
  rules:
   - host: demo.alb.ingress.top
     http:
      paths:
      - path: /tea
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
        backend:
          service:
            name: tea-svc
            port:
              number: 80
      - path: /coffee
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific
        backend:
          service:
            name: coffee-svc
            port:
              number: 80