创建ECS实例

本文的完整代码如下所示，您可以自行根据实际情况修改和设置参数取值。

#  coding=utf-8
# if the python sdk is not install using 'sudo pip install aliyun-python-sdk-ecs'
# if the python sdk is install using 'sudo pip install --upgrade aliyun-python-sdk-ecs'
# make sure the sdk version is 4.4.3, you can use command 'pip show aliyun-python-sdk-ecs' to check
import json
import logging
import time
import os
from aliyunsdkcore import client
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.CreateInstanceRequest import CreateInstanceRequest
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.DescribeInstancesRequest import DescribeInstancesRequest
from aliyunsdkecs.request.v20140526.StartInstanceRequest import StartInstanceRequest
# configuration the log output formatter, if you want to save the output to file,
# append ",filename='ecs_invoke.log'" after datefmt.

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S')

# 请确保代码运行环境设置了环境变量 ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID 和 ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
# 工程代码泄露可能会导致 AccessKey 泄露，并威胁账号下所有资源的安全性。以下代码示例使用环境变量获取 AccessKey 的方式进行调用，仅供参考，建议使用更安全的 STS 方式
clt = client.AcsClient(os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID'], os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET'], '<region-Id>')
IMAGE_ID = 'ubuntu_18_04_64_20G_alibase_20190624.vhd'
INSTANCE_TYPE = 'ecs.g6.large'
SECURITY_GROUP_ID = 'sg-bp1i4c0xgqxadew2****'
INSTANCE_RUNNING = 'Running'
VSWITCH_ID = 'vsw-bp1ddbrxdlrcbim46****'

def create_instance_action():
    instance_id = create_after_pay_instance(IMAGE_ID, INSTANCE_TYPE, SECURITY_GROUP_ID, VSWITCH_ID)
    check_instance_running(instance_id)

# def create_prepay_instance_action():
#     instance_id = create_prepay_instance(IMAGE_ID, INSTANCE_TYPE, SECURITY_GROUP_ID, VSWITCH_ID)
#     check_instance_running(instance_id=instance_id)

# create one after pay ecs instance.
def create_after_pay_instance(image_id, instance_type, security_group_id, vsw_vswitch_id):
    request = CreateInstanceRequest()
    request.set_ImageId(image_id)
    request.set_SecurityGroupId(security_group_id)
    request.set_InstanceType(instance_type)
    request.set_IoOptimized('optimized')
    request.set_VSwitchId(vsw_vswitch_id)
    request.set_SystemDiskCategory('cloud_ssd')
    response = _send_request(request)
    instance_id = response.get('InstanceId')
    logging.info("instance %s created task submit successfully.", instance_id)
    return instance_id

# create one prepay ecs instance.
def create_prepay_instance(image_id, instance_type, security_group_id, vsw_vswitch_id):
    request = CreateInstanceRequest()
    request.set_ImageId(image_id)
    request.set_SecurityGroupId(security_group_id)
    request.set_InstanceType(instance_type)
    request.set_IoOptimized('optimized')
    request.set_VSwitchId(vsw_vswitch_id)
    request.set_SystemDiskCategory('cloud_ssd')
    request.set_Period(1)
    request.set_InstanceChargeType('PrePaid')
    response = _send_request(request)
    instance_id = response.get('InstanceId')
    logging.info("instance %s created task submit successfully.", instance_id)
    return instance_id

def check_instance_running(instance_id):
    detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, INSTANCE_RUNNING)
    index = 0
    while detail is None and index < 60:
        detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id)
        time.sleep(10)
    if detail and detail.get('Status') == 'Stopped':
        logging.info("instance %s is stopped now.")
        start_instance(instance_id)
        logging.info("start instance %s job submit.")
    detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, INSTANCE_RUNNING)
    while detail is None and index < 60:
        detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, INSTANCE_RUNNING)
        time.sleep(10)
    logging.info("instance %s is running now.", instance_id)
    return instance_id

def start_instance(instance_id):
    request = StartInstanceRequest()
    request.set_InstanceId(instance_id)
    _send_request(request)

# output the instance owned in current region.
def get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, status='Stopped'):
    logging.info("Check instance %s status is %s", instance_id, status)
    request = DescribeInstancesRequest()
    request.set_InstanceIds(json.dumps([instance_id]))
    response = _send_request(request)
    instance_detail = None
    if response is not None:
        instance_list = response.get('Instances').get('Instance')
        for item in instance_list:
            if item.get('Status') == status:
                instance_detail = item
                break
        return instance_detail

# send open api request
def _send_request(request):
    request.set_accept_format('json')
    try:
        response_str = clt.do_action(request)
        logging.info(response_str)
        response_detail = json.loads(response_str)
        return response_detail
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    logging.info("Create ECS by OpenApi!")
    create_instance_action()
    # create_prepay_instance_action()

必选属性：

• SecurityGroupId：安全组ID。安全组相当于虚拟防火墙，通过安全组规则控制和保护实例的网络出入请求。建议按需开放和设置安全组出入规则时，不要默认开放所有的出入规则。更多详情，请参见CreateSecurityGroup。

• InstanceType：实例规格。例如，选择2核8GiB g6.large则入参为ecs.g6.large。更多详情，请参见DescribeInstanceTypes。

• ImageId：镜像ID。您可以使用公共镜像或者自定义镜像。更多详情，请参见DescribeImages。

• VSwitchId：交换机ID。创建一台VPC类型的ECS实例需要指定交换机ID。更多详情，请参见DescribeVSwitches。

ECS实例的启动和停止都是异步操作，您可以在脚本创建并同时检测ECS实例符合状态时执行相应操作。以下示例代码的逻辑是：

1. 得到实例ID后，自动检测实例是否处于Stopped的状态。

2. 如果是Stopped，发起StartInstance指令。

3. 等待ECS实例进入Running状态。

def check_instance_running(instance_id):
    detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, INSTANCE_RUNNING)
    index = 0
    while detail is None and index < 60:
        detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id)
        time.sleep(10)
    if detail and detail.get('Status') == 'Stopped':
        logging.info("instance %s is stopped now.")
        start_instance(instance_id)
        logging.info("start instance %s job submit.")
    detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, INSTANCE_RUNNING)
    while detail is None and index < 60:
        detail = get_instance_detail_by_id(instance_id, INSTANCE_RUNNING)
        time.sleep(10)
    logging.info("instance %s is running now.", instance_id)
    return instance_id

与创建按量付费ECS实例相比，您需要指定计费方式和计费时长。以下示例的时长为一个月。

request.set_Period(1)
request.set_InstanceChargeType(‘PrePaid’)

创建包年包月实例的示例代码如下：

# create one prepay ecs instance.
def create_prepay_instance(image_id, instance_type, security_group_id, vsw_vswitch_id):
    request = CreateInstanceRequest()
    request.set_ImageId(image_id)
    request.set_SecurityGroupId(security_group_id)
    request.set_InstanceType(instance_type)
    request.set_IoOptimized('optimized')
    request.set_VSwitchId(vsw_vswitch_id)
    request.set_SystemDiskCategory('cloud_ssd')
    request.set_Period(1)
    request.set_InstanceChargeType('PrePaid')
    response = _send_request(request)
    instance_id = response.get('InstanceId')
    logging.info("instance %s created task submit successfully.", instance_id)
    return instance_id