DTS supports real-time, two-way data synchronization between two PostgreSQL databases, such as ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL and self-managed PostgreSQL. This feature supports use cases such as active geo-redundancy (cell-based architecture) and geo-disaster recovery. This topic uses two-way synchronization between ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances as an example to walk you through the configuration steps. The configuration process for other data sources is similar.
Prerequisites
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The source and destination ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances must be created. For instructions, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance.
NoteFor the supported versions of the source and destination databases, see synchronization solution overview.
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Set the
wal_levelparameter tologicalfor the source and destination ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances. For instructions, see Set instance parameters.
Limitations
Type | Description |
Source and destination database limits |
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Other limits |
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Special cases |
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Billing
Synchronization type | Pricing |
Schema synchronization and full data synchronization | Free of charge. |
Incremental data synchronization | Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Two-way synchronization topologies
DTS supports two-way data synchronization between only two PostgreSQL databases.
Supported conflict detection
To ensure data consistency, make sure that data records with the same primary key, business primary key, or unique key are updated in only one of the database instances in the two-way synchronization. If data records are updated on both database instances, DTS the system will apply the conflict resolution policy configured in the task.
DTS checks and fixes conflicts to maximize the stability of two-way synchronization tasks. DTS can detect the following types of conflicts:
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Uniqueness conflicts caused by INSERT operations
In two-way synchronization, if records with the same primary key are inserted into both database instances simultaneously (or in close succession), a uniqueness constraint conflict will be triggered. When the INSERT statement is synchronized to the peer instance, it will fail because a record with the same primary key value already exists.
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Mismatched records in UPDATE operations
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If the records to be updated do not exist in the destination instance, DTS converts the UPDATE operation into an INSERT operation. However, uniqueness conflicts may occur.
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The record to be updated by an UPDATE operation causes a primary key or unique key conflict.
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Non-existent records to be deleted
The records to be deleted do not exist in the destination instance. In this case, DTS ignores the DELETE operation regardless of the conflict resolution policy that you specify.
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Due to time differences and latency, DTS cannot guarantee 100% conflict prevention. To ensure consistency, update records with the same primary or unique key on only one database instance at a time.
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DTS provides various conflict resolution strategies for the aforementioned data conflicts, which you can select while configuring two-way data synchronization.
Supported objects
| Object type | Details |
|---|---|
| SCHEMA and TABLE | Includes PRIMARY KEY, UNIQUE KEY, FOREIGN KEY, built-in data types, and DEFAULT CONSTRAINT |
| Other objects | VIEW, PROCEDURE (PostgreSQL V11 or later), FUNCTION, RULE, SEQUENCE, EXTENSION, TRIGGER, AGGREGATE, INDEX, OPERATOR, DOMAIN |
Supported SQL operations
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Operation type |
SQL operations |
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DML |
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DDL |
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Only the forward task (from the source database to the destination database) supports DDL synchronization. The reverse task (from the destination database to the source database) does not support DDL synchronization and automatically filters out DDL operations.
Procedure
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Purchase a two-way data synchronization instance. For more information, see Purchase a data synchronization task.
ImportantOn the purchase page, select PostgreSQL for both the PostgreSQL and PostgreSQL, and select Two-way Synchronization for Two-way Synchronization.
Go to the Data Synchronization page of the new DTS console.
NoteAlternatively, log on to the DMS console. In the top menu bar, choose Data + AI. Then, in the navigation pane on the left, choose .
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In the upper-left corner of the page, select the region where the destination instance is located.
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Find the data synchronization instance that you purchased and click Configure Task for its first synchronization task.
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Configure the source and destination databases.
WarningAfter you select the source and destination instances, review the Limits at the top of the page. Otherwise, the task may fail or data inconsistency may occur.
Category
Parameter
Description
N/A
Task Name
DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name for easy identification. The name does not need to be unique.
Source Database
Database Type
Select PostgreSQL.
Connection Type
Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
The region of the source instance that you selected during purchase. This parameter cannot be changed.
Instance ID
Select the ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance.
Database Name
Enter the name of the database that contains the objects to be synchronized in the source ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance.
Database Account
Enter a high-privilege account for the source ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance. The account must be the owner of the selected database. For more information about how to create an account and grant permissions, see Create an account and Create a database.
Database Password
Enter the password for the specified database account.
Encryption
Select a connection method based on your requirements. In this example, Non-encrypted is selected.
To connect to the database using SSL encryption, select SSL-encrypted. Then, upload the required CA Certificate, Client Certificate, and Private Key of Client Certificate, and enter the Private Key Password of Client Certificate.
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If you select SSL-encrypted for a self-managed PostgreSQL database, you must upload the CA Certificate.
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If you need to use a client certificate, you must upload both the Client Certificate and the Private Key of Client Certificate, and enter the Private Key Password of Client Certificate.
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For information about the SSL encryption feature for ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances, see SSL encryption.
Destination Database
Database Type
Select PostgreSQL.
Connection Type
Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
The region of the destination instance that you selected during purchase. This parameter cannot be changed.
Instance ID
Select the ID of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance.
Database Name
Enter the name of the database that contains the objects to be synchronized in the destination ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance.
Database Account
Enter a high-privilege account for the destination ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance. The account must be the owner of the selected database. For more information about how to create an account and grant permissions, see Create an account and Create a database.
Database Password
Enter the password for the specified database account.
Encryption
Select a connection method based on your requirements. In this example, Non-encrypted is selected.
To connect to the database using SSL encryption, select SSL-encrypted. Then, upload the required CA Certificate, Client Certificate, and Private Key of Client Certificate, and enter the Private Key Password of Client Certificate.
Note-
If you select SSL-encrypted for a self-managed PostgreSQL database, you must upload the CA Certificate.
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If you need to use a client certificate, you must upload both the Client Certificate and the Private Key of Client Certificate, and enter the Private Key Password of Client Certificate.
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For information about the SSL encryption feature for ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances, see SSL encryption.
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After completing the configuration, click Test Connectivity and Proceed at the bottom of the page.
NoteEnsure that you add the CIDR blocks of the DTS servers (either automatically or manually) to the security settings of both the source and destination databases to allow access. For more information, see Add the IP address whitelist of DTS servers.
If the source or destination is a self-managed database (i.e., the Access Method is not Alibaba Cloud Instance), you must also click Test Connectivity in the CIDR Blocks of DTS Servers dialog box.
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Configure the task objects.
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On the Configure Objects page, specify the objects to synchronize.
Parameter
Description
Synchronization Types
DTS always selects Incremental Data Synchronization. By default, you must also select Schema Synchronization and Full Data Synchronization. After the precheck, DTS initializes the destination cluster with the full data of the selected source objects, which serves as the baseline for subsequent incremental synchronization.
NoteIf you select Schema Synchronization, DTS synchronizes the schemas of the tables to be synchronized, including foreign keys, from the source database to the destination database.
Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables
Precheck and Report Errors: Checks for tables with the same names in the destination database. If any tables with the same names are found, an error is reported during the precheck and the data synchronization task does not start. Otherwise, the precheck is successful.
NoteIf you cannot delete or rename the table with the same name in the destination database, you can map it to a different name in the destination. For more information, see Database Table Column Name Mapping.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: Skips the check for tables with the same name in the destination database.
WarningSelecting Ignore Errors and Proceed may cause data inconsistency and put your business at risk. For example:
If the table schemas are consistent and a record in the destination database has the same primary key or unique key value as a record in the source database:
During full data synchronization, DTS retains the destination record and skips the source record.
During incremental synchronization, DTS overwrites the destination record with the source record.
If the table schemas are inconsistent, data initialization may fail. This can result in only partial data synchronization or a complete synchronization failure. Use with caution.
Synchronization Topology
Select Two-way Synchronization.
Exclude DDL Operations
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Yes: DDL operations are not synchronized.
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No: DDL operations are synchronized.
ImportantTo ensure the stability of the two-way synchronization link, you can choose whether to synchronize DDL operations only for the forward synchronization task (from the source database to the destination database). For the reverse synchronization task (from the destination database to the source database), DDL operations are automatically filtered out.
Conflict Resolution Policy
If you encounter the preceding conflict types, select a conflict resolution policy based on your business requirements.
TaskFailed (Fail and report an error upon conflict)
The task will error out and stop if a conflict occurs. The task enters a failed state and requires manual intervention for recovery.
Ignore (Keep the existing record in the destination instance)
The system skips the conflicting statement and continues the synchronization. The existing record in the destination instance is retained.
Overwrite (Overwrite the conflicting record in the destination instance)
If a conflict occurs, the system overwrites the conflicting record in the destination instance with the data from the source.
NoteIf a synchronization task experiences latency after being paused or restarted, these policies do not take effect during the latency period. Data in the destination database is overwritten by default.
Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance
Configure the case-sensitivity policy for database, table, and column names in the destination instance. By default, the DTS default policy is selected. You can also choose to use the default policy of the source or destination database. For more information, see Case policy for destination object names.
Source Objects
In the Source Objects box, click the objects, and then click
to move them to the Selected Objects box.Note-
You can select objects to synchronize at the schema or table level. If you select tables as synchronization objects, other objects such as views, triggers, and stored procedures are not synchronized to the destination database.
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If a table to be synchronized contains a field of the SERIAL type and you select Schema Synchronization for Synchronization Types, we recommend that you also select Sequence or synchronize the entire schema.
Selected Objects
To rename a single object in the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects box. For more information, see Map a single object name.
To rename multiple objects in bulk, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects box. For more information, see Map multiple object names in bulk.
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To select the SQL operations to synchronize for a specific schema or table, right-click the object in the Selected Objects box. In the dialog box that appears, select the desired SQL operations.
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To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click a table in the Selected Objects box. In the dialog box that appears, specify the filter conditions. For more information, see Use SQL conditions to filter data.
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If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that depend on the renamed object may fail to be synchronized.
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Click Next: Advanced Settings.
Parameter
Description
Dedicated Cluster for Task Scheduling
By default, DTS uses a shared cluster for tasks, so you do not need to make a selection. For greater task stability, you can purchase a dedicated cluster to run the DTS synchronization task. For more information, see What is a DTS dedicated cluster?.
Retry Time for Failed Connections
If the connection to the source or destination database fails after the synchronization task starts, DTS reports an error and immediately begins to retry the connection. The default retry duration is 720 minutes. You can customize the retry time to a value from 10 to 1,440 minutes. We recommend a duration of 30 minutes or more. If the connection is restored within this period, the task resumes automatically. Otherwise, the task fails.
NoteIf multiple DTS instances (e.g., Instance A and B) share a source or destination, DTS uses the shortest configured retry duration (e.g., 30 minutes for A, 60 for B, so 30 minutes is used) for all instances.
DTS charges for task runtime during connection retries. Set a custom duration based on your business needs, or release the DTS instance promptly after you release the source/destination instances.
Retry Time for Other Issues
If a non-connection issue (e.g., a DDL or DML execution error) occurs, DTS reports an error and immediately retries the operation. The default retry duration is 10 minutes. You can also customize the retry time to a value from 1 to 1,440 minutes. We recommend a duration of 10 minutes or more. If the related operations succeed within the set retry time, the synchronization task automatically resumes. Otherwise, the task fails.
ImportantThe value of Retry Time for Other Issues must be less than that of Retry Time for Failed Connections.
Enable Throttling for Full Data Synchronization
During full data synchronization, DTS consumes read and write resources from the source and destination databases, which can increase their load. To mitigate pressure on the destination database, you can limit the migration rate by setting Queries per second (QPS) to the source database, RPS of Full Data Migration, and Data migration speed for full migration (MB/s).
NoteThis parameter is available only if Synchronization Types is set to Full Data Synchronization.
You can also adjust the rate of full data synchronization when the synchronization instance is running.
Enable Throttling for Incremental Data Synchronization
You can also limit the incremental synchronization rate to reduce pressure on the destination database by setting RPS of Incremental Data Synchronization and Data synchronization speed for incremental synchronization (MB/s).
Environment Tag
You can select an environment tag to identify the instance based on your business requirements. In this example, you do not need to select a tag.
Configure ETL
Choose whether to enable the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL? Valid values:
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Yes: Enables the ETL feature. Enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task.
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No: Disables the ETL feature.
Monitoring and Alerting
Choose whether to set up alerts. If the synchronization fails or the latency exceeds the specified threshold, DTS sends a notification to the alert contacts.
No: No alerts are configured.
Yes: Configures alerts. You must also set the alert threshold and alert contact. For more information, see Configure monitoring and alerting during task configuration.
Click Data Verification to configure a data verification task.
To use the data verification feature, see Configure data verification.
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Save the task and perform a precheck.
To view the parameters for configuring this instance via an API operation, hover over the Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck button and click Preview OpenAPI parameters in the tooltip.
If you have finished viewing the API parameters, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck at the bottom of the page.
NoteBefore a synchronization task starts, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the task only if the precheck passes.
If the precheck fails, click View Details next to the failed item, fix the issue as prompted, and then rerun the precheck.
If the precheck generates warnings:
For non-ignorable warning, click View Details next to the item, fix the issue as prompted, and run the precheck again.
For ignorable warnings, you can bypass them by clicking Confirm Alert Details, then Ignore, and then OK. Finally, click Precheck Again to skip the warning and run the precheck again. Ignoring precheck warnings may lead to data inconsistencies and other business risks. Proceed with caution.
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When the Success Rate is 100%, click Back.
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Configure the reverse synchronization task.
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Wait until the Status of the forward synchronization task changes to Running.
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Locate the reverse synchronization task and click Configure Task.
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Configure the reverse synchronization task by following Step 5 to Step 9.
Important-
When configuring the reverse synchronization task, ensure the source and destination instances are swapped: the destination of the forward task becomes the source of the reverse task, and vice versa. Also, ensure that all other instance information, such as the database name, account, and password, is correct and consistent.
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The Instance Region for the source and destination databases of the reverse synchronization task cannot be changed. Fewer parameters are required than for the forward synchronization task. Configure the parameters that are displayed in the console.
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The Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables setting for the reverse synchronization task does not check for tables that were synchronized to the destination instance by the forward synchronization task.
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The reverse synchronization task does not support synchronizing the objects specified in the Selected Objects list of the forward synchronization task.
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We recommend that you do not use the object name mapping feature when you configure the reverse synchronization task. Otherwise, data inconsistency may occur.
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After the reverse synchronization task is configured, wait for the Status of both tasks to change to Running. The two-way data synchronization is fully configured.
