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SSB Benchmark性能测试

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Star Schema Benchmark（以下简称SSB）是一个基于TPC-H的轻量级数据仓库场景下的星型模型测试集。该测试集为比较各类OLAP产品的基本性能指标提供了便利。本文为您介绍云原生数据仓库 AnalyticDB PostgreSQL 版在SSB 100 GB测试集上的性能表现。

前提条件

  • 云原生数据仓库 AnalyticDB PostgreSQL 版实例和ECS实例位于同一VPC，详情请参见创建实例、创建ECS。

  • 云原生数据仓库 AnalyticDB PostgreSQL 版实例和OSS存储空间Bucket位于同一地域，详情请参见创建存储空间。

  • 已将ECS实例的私网IP地址添加到云原生数据仓库 AnalyticDB PostgreSQL 版实例的白名单中，详情请参见设置白名单。

  • 已在ECS上安装psql，如需安装请参见psql。

  • 使用阿里云账号或具备AliyunGPDBFullAccess、AliyunECSFullAccess和AliyunOSSFullAccess权限的RAM用户，并为其创建AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret。详情请参见RAM用户、创建AccessKey。

测试环境

云原生数据仓库 AnalyticDB PostgreSQL 版实例规格

ECS实例规格

  • 实例资源类型：存储弹性模式。

  • 引擎版本：7.0 标准版。

  • 产品类型：标准版。

  • 实例系列：高可用版。

  • master资源：8 CU。

  • 节点规格：2C16G。

  • 节点数量：8 个。

  • 存储磁盘类型：ESSD云盘 PL1。

  • 数据库内核小版本：V7.1.0.0。

  • 实例规格：内存型 r7 / ecs.r7.large (2 vCPU 16 GiB)。

  • 镜像：Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104 LTS 64位（安全加固）。

  • 系统盘：ESSD云盘40GiB PL0（单盘IOPS性能上限1万）。

  • 数据盘：ESSD AutoPL1 2300GiB。

测试数据生成

本次测试使用SSB提供的toolkit生成SSB数据。

  1. 完成工具的编译。

    git clone https://github.com/vadimtk/ssb-dbgen.git
cd ssb-dbgen
make

  2. 生成100 GB测试数据。

    FOR((i=1;i<=16;i++));
DO
./dbgen -s 100 -S $i -C 16 -f -T l &
IF [ $(($i%16)) -eq 0 ]
THEN
        wait
        echo $i
FI
DONE

./dbgen -s 100 -T p
./dbgen -s 100 -T c
./dbgen -s 100 -T s

  3. 使用ossutil将测试数据上传至OSS存储空间。ossutil工具的安装与使用，请参见命令行工具ossutil。

    ./ossutil64 cp -r <测试数据所在的路径> <OSS Bucket路径> --exclude "*.tbl*"

    示例如下。

    ./ossutil64 cp -r /mnt/dbqgen/ oss://testBucketName --exclude "*.tbl*"

  4. 创建数据表。

    -- 创建对应表
CREATE TABLE customer      --客户信息表
(
  C_CUSTKEY       int,
  C_NAME          text,
  C_ADDRESS       text,
  C_CITY          text,
  C_NATION        text,
  C_REGION        text,
  C_PHONE         text,
  C_MKTSEGMENT    text
)
USING beam
WITH(compresstype=auto, compresslevel=1)
DISTRIBUTED BY(C_CUSTKEY)
ORDER BY (C_CUSTKEY);

CREATE TABLE lineorder     --商品订单明细表
(
  LO_ORDERKEY             bigint,
  LO_LINENUMBER           int,
  LO_CUSTKEY              int,
  LO_PARTKEY              int,
  LO_SUPPKEY              int,
  LO_ORDERDATE            Date,
  LO_ORDERPRIORITY        text,
  LO_SHIPPRIORITY         int,
  LO_QUANTITY             int,
  LO_EXTENDEDPRICE        int,
  LO_ORDTOTALPRICE        int,
  LO_DISCOUNT             int,
  LO_REVENUE              int,
  LO_SUPPLYCOST           int,
  LO_TAX                  int,
  LO_COMMITDATE           Date,
  LO_SHIPMODE             text
)
USING beam
WITH(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
DISTRIBUTED BY(LO_ORDERKEY)
ORDER BY (LO_ORDERDATE, LO_ORDERKEY);

CREATE TABLE part         --零件信息表
(
  P_PARTKEY       int,
  P_NAME          text,
  P_MFGR          text,
  P_CATEGORY      text,
  P_BRAND         text,
  P_COLOR         text,
  P_TYPE          text,
  P_SIZE          int,
  P_CONTAINER     text
)
USING beam
WITH(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
DISTRIBUTED BY(P_PARTKEY)
ORDER BY (P_PARTKEY);

CREATE TABLE supplier      --供应商信息表
(
  S_SUPPKEY       int,
  S_NAME          text,
  S_ADDRESS       text,
  S_CITY          text,
  S_NATION        text,
  S_REGION        text,
  S_PHONE         text
)
USING beam
WITH(compresstype=auto,compresslevel=1)
DISTRIBUTED BY(S_SUPPKEY)
ORDER BY (S_SUPPKEY);

  5. 创建OSS Foreign Table。利用OSS Foreign Table将OSS上的测试数据导入步骤4创建的表。

    • Endpoint和Bucket需指定为测试数据所在的OSS Bucket名称和Endpoint。获取Endpoint和Bucket请参见获取OSS Bucket信息。

    • ID和Key即为阿里云账号或RAM用户的AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret。获取AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret请参见创建AccessKey。

    CREATE SERVER oss_serv
    FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER oss_fdw
    OPTIONS (
        endpoint 'oss-cn-hang****.aliyuncs.com', 
        bucket 'testBucketName'
  );
CREATE USER MAPPING FOR PUBLIC SERVER oss_serv OPTIONS ( id 'STS.****************', key 'yourAccessKeySecret' );

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_customer
(
  C_CUSTKEY       int,
  C_NAME          text,
  C_ADDRESS       text,
  C_CITY          text,
  C_NATION        text,
  C_REGION        text,
  C_PHONE         text,
  C_MKTSEGMENT    text
)
server oss_serv
    options (
        filepath 'ssb100g/customer.tbl',
        format 'csv',
        DELIMITER '|'
    );

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_lineorder
(
  LO_ORDERKEY             bigint,
  LO_LINENUMBER           int,
  LO_CUSTKEY              int,
  LO_PARTKEY              int,
  LO_SUPPKEY              int,
  LO_ORDERDATE            Date,
  LO_ORDERPRIORITY        text,
  LO_SHIPPRIORITY         int,
  LO_QUANTITY             int,
  LO_EXTENDEDPRICE        int,
  LO_ORDTOTALPRICE        int,
  LO_DISCOUNT             int,
  LO_REVENUE              int,
  LO_SUPPLYCOST           int,
  LO_TAX                  int,
  LO_COMMITDATE           Date,
  LO_SHIPMODE             text
)
server oss_serv
    options (
        prefix 'ssb100g/lineorder_',
        format 'csv',
        DELIMITER '|'
    );

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_part
(
  P_PARTKEY       int,
  P_NAME          text,
  P_MFGR          text,
  P_CATEGORY      text,
  P_BRAND         text,
  P_COLOR         text,
  P_TYPE          text,
  P_SIZE          int,
  P_CONTAINER     text
)
server oss_serv
    options (
        filepath 'ssb100g/part.tbl',
        format 'csv',
        DELIMITER '|'
    );

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE ext_supplier
(
  S_SUPPKEY       int,
  S_NAME          text,
  S_ADDRESS       text,
  S_CITY          text,
  S_NATION        text,
  S_REGION        text,
  S_PHONE         text
)
server oss_serv
    options (
        filepath 'ssb100g/supplier.tbl',
        format 'csv',
        DELIMITER '|'
    );

--导入数据
INSERT INTO part SELECT * FROM ext_part;
INSERT INTO supplier SELECT * FROM ext_supplier;
INSERT INTO customer SELECT * FROM ext_customer;
INSERT INTO lineorder SELECT * FROM ext_lineorder;

--删除外表
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE ext_part;
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE ext_supplier;
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE ext_customer;
DROP EXTERNAL TABLE ext_lineorder;

  6. 关联以上四张基础表生成flat表的数据。

    CREATE TABLE lineorder_flat
(
  LO_ORDERKEY             bigint NOT NULL,
  LO_LINENUMBER           int NOT NULL,
  LO_CUSTKEY              int NOT NULL,
  LO_PARTKEY              int NOT NULL,
  LO_SUPPKEY              int NOT NULL,
  LO_ORDERDATE            Date NOT NULL,
  LO_ORDERPRIORITY        text NOT NULL,
  LO_SHIPPRIORITY         int NOT NULL,
  LO_QUANTITY             int NOT NULL,
  LO_EXTENDEDPRICE        int NOT NULL,
  LO_ORDTOTALPRICE        int NOT NULL,
  LO_DISCOUNT             int NOT NULL,
  LO_REVENUE              int NOT NULL,
  LO_SUPPLYCOST           int NOT NULL,
  LO_TAX                  int NOT NULL,
  LO_COMMITDATE           Date NOT NULL,
  LO_SHIPMODE             text NOT NULL,
  C_NAME                  text NOT NULL,
  C_ADDRESS               text NOT NULL,
  C_CITY                  text NOT NULL,
  C_NATION                text NOT NULL,
  C_REGION                text NOT NULL,
  C_PHONE                 text NOT NULL,
  C_MKTSEGMENT            text NOT NULL,
  S_NAME                  text NOT NULL,
  S_ADDRESS               text NOT NULL,
  S_CITY                  text NOT NULL,
  S_NATION                text NOT NULL,
  S_REGION                text NOT NULL,
  S_PHONE                 text NOT NULL,
  P_NAME                  text NOT NULL,
  P_MFGR                  text NOT NULL,
  P_CATEGORY              text NOT NULL,
  P_BRAND                 text NOT NULL,
  P_COLOR                 text NOT NULL,
  P_TYPE                  text NOT NULL,
  P_SIZE                  int NOT NULL,
  P_CONTAINER             text NOT NULL
)
USING beam
WITH(compresstype=auto, compresslevel=1)
DISTRIBUTED BY(LO_ORDERKEY)
ORDER BY(LO_ORDERDATE, LO_ORDERKEY);

INSERT INTO lineorder_flat
SELECT
    l.LO_ORDERKEY AS LO_ORDERKEY,
    l.LO_LINENUMBER AS LO_LINENUMBER,
    l.LO_CUSTKEY AS LO_CUSTKEY,
    l.LO_PARTKEY AS LO_PARTKEY,
    l.LO_SUPPKEY AS LO_SUPPKEY,
    l.LO_ORDERDATE AS LO_ORDERDATE,
    l.LO_ORDERPRIORITY AS LO_ORDERPRIORITY,
    l.LO_SHIPPRIORITY AS LO_SHIPPRIORITY,
    l.LO_QUANTITY AS LO_QUANTITY,
    l.LO_EXTENDEDPRICE AS LO_EXTENDEDPRICE,
    l.LO_ORDTOTALPRICE AS LO_ORDTOTALPRICE,
    l.LO_DISCOUNT AS LO_DISCOUNT,
    l.LO_REVENUE AS LO_REVENUE,
    l.LO_SUPPLYCOST AS LO_SUPPLYCOST,
    l.LO_TAX AS LO_TAX,
    l.LO_COMMITDATE AS LO_COMMITDATE,
    l.LO_SHIPMODE AS LO_SHIPMODE,
    c.C_NAME AS C_NAME,
    c.C_ADDRESS AS C_ADDRESS,
    c.C_CITY AS C_CITY,
    c.C_NATION AS C_NATION,
    c.C_REGION AS C_REGION,
    c.C_PHONE AS C_PHONE,
    c.C_MKTSEGMENT AS C_MKTSEGMENT,
    s.S_NAME AS S_NAME,
    s.S_ADDRESS AS S_ADDRESS,
    s.S_CITY AS S_CITY,
    s.S_NATION AS S_NATION,
    s.S_REGION AS S_REGION,
    s.S_PHONE AS S_PHONE,
    p.P_NAME AS P_NAME,
    p.P_MFGR AS P_MFGR,
    p.P_CATEGORY AS P_CATEGORY,
    p.P_BRAND AS P_BRAND,
    p.P_COLOR AS P_COLOR,
    p.P_TYPE AS P_TYPE,
    p.P_SIZE AS P_SIZE,
    p.P_CONTAINER AS P_CONTAINER
FROM lineorder AS l
INNER JOIN customer AS c ON c.C_CUSTKEY = l.LO_CUSTKEY
INNER JOIN supplier AS s ON s.S_SUPPKEY = l.LO_SUPPKEY
INNER JOIN part AS p ON p.P_PARTKEY = l.LO_PARTKEY;

    在执行SQL后，后台会对该表采集统计信息。统计信息采集完成后，可开始测试查询。如果以下查询不返回结果，说明统计信息已采集完成。

    SELECT datname, query, state FROM pg_stat_activity 
WHERE state <> 'idle' AND backend_type LIKE '%autovacuum%';

测试查询

\timing
--Q1.1
SELECT SUM(lo_extendedprice * lo_discount) AS revenue
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE lo_orderdate >= '1993-01-01' AND lo_orderdate <= '1993-12-31' 
AND lo_discount BETWEEN 1 AND 3 AND lo_quantity < 25;
 
--Q1.2
SELECT SUM(lo_extendedprice * lo_discount) AS revenue 
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE lo_orderdate >= '1994-01-01' AND lo_orderdate <= '1994-01-31' 
AND lo_discount BETWEEN 4 AND 6 AND lo_quantity BETWEEN 26 AND 35;
 
--Q1.3
SELECT SUM(lo_extendedprice * lo_discount) AS revenue
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE extract(week FROM lo_orderdate) = 6 AND lo_orderdate >= '1994-01-01' 
AND lo_orderdate <= '1994-12-31' AND lo_discount BETWEEN 5 AND 7 
AND lo_quantity BETWEEN 26 AND 35;
 
--Q2.1
SELECT SUM(lo_revenue), extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, p_brand 
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE p_category = 'MFGR#12' AND s_region = 'AMERICA'
GROUP BY YEAR, p_brand
ORDER BY YEAR, p_brand
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q2.2
SELECT SUM(lo_revenue), extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, p_brand 
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE p_brand >= 'MFGR#2221' AND p_brand <= 'MFGR#2228' AND s_region = 'ASIA'
GROUP BY YEAR, p_brand
ORDER BY YEAR, p_brand
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q2.3
SELECT SUM(lo_revenue), extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, p_brand 
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE p_brand = 'MFGR#2239' AND s_region = 'EUROPE'
GROUP BY YEAR, p_brand
ORDER BY YEAR, p_brand
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q3.1 
SELECT c_nation, s_nation, extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, 
SUM(lo_revenue) AS revenue 
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE c_region = 'ASIA' AND s_region = 'ASIA' AND lo_orderdate >= '1992-01-01' 
AND lo_orderdate <= '1997-12-31'
GROUP BY c_nation, s_nation, YEAR
ORDER BY YEAR ASC, revenue DESC
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q3.2 
SELECT c_city, s_city, extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR,
 SUM(lo_revenue) AS revenue
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE c_nation = 'UNITED STATES' AND s_nation = 'UNITED STATES' 
AND lo_orderdate >= '1992-01-01' AND lo_orderdate <= '1997-12-31'
GROUP BY c_city, s_city, YEAR
ORDER BY YEAR ASC, revenue DESC
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q3.3
SELECT c_city, s_city, extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, 
SUM(lo_revenue) AS revenue
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE c_city IN ( 'UNITED KI1' ,'UNITED KI5') 
AND s_city IN ( 'UNITED KI1' ,'UNITED KI5') 
AND lo_orderdate >= '1992-01-01' AND lo_orderdate <= '1997-12-31'
GROUP BY c_city, s_city, YEAR
ORDER BY YEAR ASC, revenue DESC
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q3.4
SELECT c_city, s_city, extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, 
SUM(lo_revenue) AS revenue
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE c_city IN ('UNITED KI1', 'UNITED KI5') 
AND s_city IN ( 'UNITED KI1', 'UNITED KI5') 
AND lo_orderdate >= '1997-12-01' AND lo_orderdate <= '1997-12-31'
GROUP BY c_city, s_city, YEAR
ORDER BY YEAR ASC, revenue DESC
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q4.1
SELECT EXTRACT(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, c_nation, 
SUM(lo_revenue - lo_supplycost) AS profit
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE c_region = 'AMERICA' AND s_region = 'AMERICA' 
AND p_mfgr IN ('MFGR#1', 'MFGR#2')
GROUP BY YEAR, c_nation
ORDER BY YEAR ASC,c_nation ASC LIMIT 100;
 
--Q4.2
SELECT extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, s_nation, p_category, 
SUM(lo_revenue - lo_supplycost) AS profit
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE c_region = 'AMERICA' AND s_region = 'AMERICA' 
AND lo_orderdate >= '1997-01-01' AND lo_orderdate <= '1998-12-31' 
AND p_mfgr IN ( 'MFGR#1' , 'MFGR#2')
GROUP BY YEAR, s_nation, p_category
ORDER BY YEAR ASC, s_nation ASC, p_category ASC
LIMIT 100;
 
--Q4.3
SELECT extract(YEAR FROM lo_orderdate) AS YEAR, s_city, p_brand, 
SUM(lo_revenue - lo_supplycost) AS profit
FROM lineorder_flat
WHERE s_nation = 'UNITED STATES' AND lo_orderdate >= '1997-01-01' 
AND lo_orderdate <= '1998-12-31' AND p_category = 'MFGR#14'
GROUP BY YEAR, s_city, p_brand
ORDER BY YEAR ASC, s_city ASC, p_brand ASC
LIMIT 100;

测试结果

测试查询所需时间如下。

Query

Time(ms)

SUM

6755.965

Q1.1

198.882

Q1.2

131.133

Q1.3

166.825

Q2.1

716.363

Q2.2

690.485

Q2.3

413.219

Q3.1

1119.772

Q3.2

772.267

Q3.3

441.492

Q3.4

43.653

Q4.1

1315.484

Q4.2

491.881

Q4.3

254.509

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