如何使用KMS的JavaSDK_密钥管理服务(KMS)-阿里云帮助中心

本文以Java语言为例，为您介绍如何使用KMS Java SDK。

背景信息

您可以访问开源代码仓库，查看更多语言和场景的代码示例。同时也欢迎您提出宝贵意见，或者提供代码示例。
关于KMS API的更多信息，请参见API概览。

准备工作

获取Java SDK的依赖声明，需要获取的版本请参见SDK概览。示例如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
    <artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-core</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
    <artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-kms</artifactId>
    <version>2.15.0</version>
</dependency>

根据您使用的KMS地域，确认正确的KMS服务接入地址。更多信息，请参见调用方式。
说明
- 如果您仅指定地域ID，SDK会默认通过该地域的公网接入。
- 如果需要通过VPC网络接入，您需要手动指定VPC接入地址。

示例1：基于公网或VPC网络访问密钥管理服务

说明

阿里云账号AccessKey拥有所有OpenAPI的访问权限，建议您使用RAM用户进行API访问或日常运维。强烈建议不要把AccessKey ID和AccessKey Secret保存到工程代码里，否则可能导致AccessKey泄露，威胁您账号下所有资源的安全。

本示例以将AccessKey配置在环境变量ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID和ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET的方式来实现身份验证为例。

更多认证信息配置方式，请参见Credentials 设置。
不同操作系统的环境变量配置方法不同，具体操作，请参见在Linux、macOS和Windows系统配置环境变量。

创建一个KmsClient（调用封装类）。

说明

如果加密内容中包含特殊字符<>&，建议您在解密时将代码类型（Format）设置为XML，即定义decReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.XML)，以避免解密时出现特殊字符转义引发报错。

package com.aliyun.kms.samples;

import java.util.*;

import com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient;
import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException;
import com.aliyuncs.http.*;

//Current KMS SDK version:2016-01-20
import com.aliyuncs.kms.model.v20160120.*;
import com.aliyuncs.kms.model.v20160120.ListKeysResponse.Key;
import com.aliyuncs.profile.*;

public class KmsClient
{
    private DefaultAcsClient kmsClient;

    /**
     * 创建KmsClient，只需要指定RegionId，SDK自动配置相应地域的公网Endpoint。
     */
    public static KmsClient getClientForPublicEndpoint(String regionId, String accessKeyId, String accessKeySecret) {
        /**
         * Construct an Aliyun Client:
         * Set RegionId, AccessKeyId and AccessKeySecret
         */
        IClientProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile(regionId, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
        DefaultAcsClient client = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);
        return new KmsClient(client);
    }

    /**
     * 创建KmsClient，使用自定义Endpoint，通常用于访问VPC Endpoint。
     */
    public static KmsClient getClientForVpcEndpoint(String regionId, String accessKeyId, String accessKeySecret, String endpoint) {
        //添加自定义Endpoint
        DefaultProfile.addEndpoint(regionId, "kms", endpoint);

        IClientProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile(regionId, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
        HttpClientConfig clientConfig = HttpClientConfig.getDefault();
        profile.setHttpClientConfig(clientConfig);
        DefaultAcsClient client = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);
        return new KmsClient(client);
    }

    private KmsClient(DefaultAcsClient acsClient) {
        this.kmsClient = acsClient;
    }

    public CreateKeyResponse CreateKey(String keyDesc, String keyUsage) throws ClientException {
        final CreateKeyRequest ckReq = new CreateKeyRequest();

        ckReq.setProtocol(ProtocolType.HTTPS);
        ckReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.JSON);
        ckReq.setMethod(MethodType.POST);
        ckReq.setDescription(keyDesc);
        ckReq.setKeyUsage(keyUsage);

        final CreateKeyResponse response = kmsClient.getAcsResponse(ckReq);
        return response;
    }

    public DescribeKeyResponse DescribeKey(String keyId) throws ClientException {
        final DescribeKeyRequest decKeyReq = new DescribeKeyRequest();

        decKeyReq.setProtocol(ProtocolType.HTTPS);
        decKeyReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.JSON);
        decKeyReq.setMethod(MethodType.POST);
        decKeyReq.setKeyId(keyId);

        final DescribeKeyResponse decKeyRes = kmsClient.getAcsResponse(decKeyReq);
        return decKeyRes;
    }

    public ListKeysResponse ListKey(int pageNumber, int pageSize) throws ClientException {
        final ListKeysRequest listKeysReq = new ListKeysRequest();

        listKeysReq.setProtocol(ProtocolType.HTTPS);
        listKeysReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.JSON);
        listKeysReq.setMethod(MethodType.POST);
        listKeysReq.setPageNumber(pageNumber);
        listKeysReq.setPageSize(pageSize);

        final ListKeysResponse listKeysRes = kmsClient.getAcsResponse(listKeysReq);
        return listKeysRes;
    }

    public GenerateDataKeyResponse GenerateDataKey(String keyId, String keyDesc, int numOfBytes) throws ClientException {
        final  GenerateDataKeyRequest genDKReq = new GenerateDataKeyRequest();

        genDKReq.setProtocol(ProtocolType.HTTPS);
        genDKReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.JSON);
        genDKReq.setMethod(MethodType.POST);

        /**
         * Set parameter according to KMS openAPI document:
         * 1.KeyId
         * 2.KeyDescription
         * 3.NumberOfBytes
         */
        genDKReq.setKeySpec(keyDesc);
        genDKReq.setKeyId(keyId);
        genDKReq.setNumberOfBytes(numOfBytes);

        final GenerateDataKeyResponse genDKRes = kmsClient.getAcsResponse(genDKReq);
        return genDKRes;
    }

    public EncryptResponse Encrypt(String keyId, String plainText) throws ClientException {
        final EncryptRequest encReq = new EncryptRequest();

        encReq.setProtocol(ProtocolType.HTTPS);
        encReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.JSON);
        encReq.setMethod(MethodType.POST);
        encReq.setKeyId(keyId);
        encReq.setPlaintext(plainText);
        final EncryptResponse encResponse = kmsClient.getAcsResponse(encReq);
        return encResponse;
    }


    public DecryptResponse Decrypt(String cipherBlob) throws ClientException {
        final DecryptRequest decReq = new DecryptRequest();

        decReq.setProtocol(ProtocolType.HTTPS);
        decReq.setAcceptFormat(FormatType.JSON);
        decReq.setMethod(MethodType.POST);
        decReq.setCiphertextBlob(cipherBlob);
        final DecryptResponse decResponse = kmsClient.getAcsResponse(decReq);
        return decResponse;
    }
}

通过KmsClient调用KMS的接口，实现对密钥的枚举、加解密等操作。

说明

假定您在杭州地域至少有一个KMS主密钥。
KmsClient.getClientForPublicEndpoint方法用于初始化KmsClient访问KMS公网接入地址。
KmsClient.getClientForVpcEndpoint方法用于初始化KmsClient访问KMS的VPC接入地址。

package com.aliyun.kms.samples;

import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException;
import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ServerException;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import java.util.*;
import com.aliyuncs.kms.model.v20160120.*;
import com.aliyuncs.kms.model.v20160120.ListKeysResponse.Key;

public class KmsSample {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        String accessKeyId = System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID");
        String accessKeySecret = System.getenv("ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET");

        KmsClient kmsClient = KmsClient.getClientForPublicEndpoint("cn-hangzhou", accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
        //KmsClient kmsClient = KmsClient.getClientForVpcEndpoint("cn-hangzhou-vpc", accessKeyId, accessKeySecret, "kms-vpc.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com");
        String keyId = null;
        String plainText = "hello world";
        String cipherBlob = null;

    /*List all MasterKeys in your account*/
        try {
            final ListKeysResponse listKeysRes = kmsClient.ListKey(1, 100);

            /**
             * Parse response and do more further
             */
            System.out.println("TotalCount: " + listKeysRes.getTotalCount());
            System.out.println("PageNumber: " + listKeysRes.getPageNumber());
            System.out.println("PageSize: " + listKeysRes.getPageSize());

            List<Key> keys = listKeysRes.getKeys();
            Iterator<Key> iterator = keys.iterator();

            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                keyId = iterator.next().getKeyId();
                System.out.println("KeyId: " + keyId);
            }

            System.out.println("List All MasterKeys success!\n");
        } catch (ClientException eResponse) {
            System.out.println("Failed.");
            System.out.println("Error code: " + eResponse.getErrCode());
            System.out.println("Error message: " + eResponse.getErrMsg());
        }


        /*Describe the Key */
        try {
            final DescribeKeyResponse decKeyRes = kmsClient.DescribeKey(keyId);

            /**
             * Parse response and do more further
             */
            System.out.println("DescribeKey Response: ");
            DescribeKeyResponse.KeyMetadata meta = decKeyRes.getKeyMetadata();

            System.out.println("KeyId: " + meta.getKeyId());
            System.out.println("Description: " + meta.getDescription());
            System.out.println("KeyState: " + meta.getKeyState());
            System.out.println("KeyUsage: " + meta.getKeyUsage());

            System.out.println("===========================================");
            System.out.println("Describe the MasterKey success!");
            System.out.println("===========================================\n");
        } catch (ClientException eResponse) {
            System.out.println("Failed.");
            System.out.println("Error code: " + eResponse.getErrCode());
            System.out.println("Error message: " + eResponse.getErrMsg());
        }

        /*Generate DataKey*/
        /**
         * Request and got response
         */
        try {
            final GenerateDataKeyResponse genDKResponse = kmsClient.GenerateDataKey(keyId, "AES_256", 64);

            /**
             * Parse response and do more further
             */
            System.out.println("CiphertextBlob: " + genDKResponse.getCiphertextBlob());
            System.out.println("KeyId: " + genDKResponse.getKeyId());
            System.out.println("Plaintext: " + genDKResponse.getPlaintext());

            System.out.println("===========================================");
            System.out.println("Generate DataKey success!");
            System.out.println("===========================================\n");
        } catch (ClientException eResponse) {
            System.out.println("Failed.");
            System.out.println("Error code: " + eResponse.getErrCode());
            System.out.println("Error message: " + eResponse.getErrMsg());
        }

        /**
         * Encrypt the plain text and got a cipher one
         */
        try {
            EncryptResponse encResponse = kmsClient.Encrypt(keyId, plainText);

            cipherBlob = encResponse.getCiphertextBlob();
            System.out.println("CiphertextBlob: " + cipherBlob);
            System.out.println("KeyId: " + encResponse.getKeyId());

            System.out.println("===========================================");
            System.out.println("Encrypt the plain text success!");
            System.out.println("===========================================\n");
        } catch (ClientException eResponse) {
            System.out.println("Failed.");
            System.out.println("Error code: " + eResponse.getErrCode());
            System.out.println("Error message: " + eResponse.getErrMsg());
        }

        /**
         * Decrypt the cipher text and verify result with original plain text.
         */
        try {
            DecryptResponse decResponse = kmsClient.Decrypt(cipherBlob);

            System.out.println("Plaintext: " + decResponse.getPlaintext());
            String verifyPlainText = decResponse.getPlaintext();
            int isMatch = verifyPlainText.compareTo(plainText);
            System.out.println("KeyId: " + decResponse.getKeyId());
            System.out.println("===========================================");
            System.out.printf("Decrypt the cipher text success, result " + (isMatch == 0 ? "match" : "mismatch" + "\n"));
            System.out.println("===========================================\n");
        } catch (ClientException eResponse) {
            System.out.println("Failed.");
            System.out.println("Error code: " + eResponse.getErrCode());
            System.out.println("Error message: " + eResponse.getErrMsg());
        }
    }

 }

示例2：基于Client Key的应用接入点访问凭据管家

如果您通过基于Client Key的应用接入点使用阿里云KMS Java SDK访问凭据管家，可以按照如下的示例代码：

关于如何创建Client Key，请参见为AAP绑定Client Key。

package com.aliyuncs.kms.sample;

import com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient;
import com.aliyuncs.IAcsClient;
import com.aliyuncs.auth.AlibabaCloudCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyuncs.profile.DefaultProfile;
import com.aliyuncs.profile.IClientProfile;
import com.aliyuncs.kms.clientkey.utils.ClientKeyUtils;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ClientKeySample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String clientKeyPath = "<client-key-file-path>";
        String password = System.getenv("<client-key-password-env-name>");
        AlibabaCloudCredentialsProvider provider = ClientKeyUtils.getCredentialsProvider(clientKeyPath, password);
        IClientProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile("cn-hangzhou");
        IAcsClient kmsClient = new DefaultAcsClient(profile, provider);
        // invoke kmsClient
    }
}

以上代码中需要引用的ClientKeyUtils和ClientKeyCredentialsProvider代码如下：

ClientKeyUtils

package com.aliyuncs.kms.clientkey.utils;

import com.aliyuncs.auth.AlibabaCloudCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyuncs.kms.auth.ClientKeyCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyuncs.auth.KeyPairCredentials;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;

import java.io.*;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class ClientKeyUtils {

    private final static String PKCS12 = "PKCS12";

    private final static Gson gson = new Gson();

    private ClientKeyUtils() {
        // do nothing
    }

    public static AlibabaCloudCredentialsProvider getCredentialsProvider(String clientKeyFileName, String password) throws IOException {

        try (Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(clientKeyFileName), "utf-8")) {
            ClientKeyInfo clientKeyInfo = gson.fromJson(reader, ClientKeyInfo.class);
            if (clientKeyInfo != null) {
                byte[] pk12 = Base64.getDecoder().decode(clientKeyInfo.getPrivateKeyData());
                try {
                    String privateKey = getPrivateKeyPemFromPk12(pk12, password);
                    return new ClientKeyCredentialsProvider(new KeyPairCredentials(clientKeyInfo.getKeyId(), privateKey));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new IOException(e);
                }
            } else {
                throw new IOException("ClientKey is invalid");
            }
        }
    }

    private static String getPrivateKeyPemFromPk12(byte[] pk12, String password) throws KeyStoreException, CertificateException, IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableKeyException {
        KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(PKCS12);
        keyStore.load(new ByteArrayInputStream(pk12), password.toCharArray());
        Enumeration<String> e = keyStore.aliases();
        String alias = e.nextElement();
        PrivateKey privateKey = (PrivateKey) keyStore.getKey(alias, password.toCharArray());
        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(privateKey.getEncoded());
    }
}

class ClientKeyInfo {
    @SerializedName("KeyId")
    private String keyId;
    @SerializedName("PrivateKeyData")
    private String privateKeyData;

    public String getKeyId() {
        return this.keyId;
    }

    public void setKeyId(String keyId) {
        this.keyId = keyId;
    }

    public String getPrivateKeyData() {
        return this.privateKeyData;
    }

    public void setPrivateKeyData(String privateKeyData) {
        this.privateKeyData = privateKeyData;
    }
}

ClientKeyCredentialsProvider

package com.aliyuncs.kms.auth;

import com.aliyuncs.auth.AlibabaCloudCredentials;
import com.aliyuncs.auth.AlibabaCloudCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyuncs.auth.KeyPairCredentials;
import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ClientException;
import com.aliyuncs.exceptions.ServerException;

public class ClientKeyCredentialsProvider implements AlibabaCloudCredentialsProvider {

    private KeyPairCredentials keyPairCredentials;

    public ClientKeyCredentialsProvider() {
    }

    public ClientKeyCredentialsProvider(KeyPairCredentials keyPairCredentials) {
        this.keyPairCredentials = keyPairCredentials;
    }

    @Override
    public AlibabaCloudCredentials getCredentials() throws ClientException, ServerException {
        return this.keyPairCredentials;
    }
}