Go使用预签名URL下载

默认情况下,OSS Bucket中的文件是私有的,仅文件拥有者可访问。本文介绍如何使用OSS Go SDK生成带有过期时间的GET方法签名URL,以允许他人临时下载文件。在有效期内可多次访问,超期后需重新生成。

注意事项

  • 本文示例代码以华东1(杭州)的地域IDcn-hangzhou为例,默认使用外网Endpoint,如果您希望通过与OSS同地域的其他阿里云产品访问OSS,请使用内网Endpoint。关于OSS支持的Region与Endpoint的对应关系,请参见OSS地域和访问域名

  • 本文以从环境变量读取访问凭证为例。如何配置访问凭证,请参见配置访问凭证

  • 生成GET方法的签名URL时,您必须具有oss:GetObject权限。具体操作,请参见为RAM用户授权自定义的权限策略

    说明

    在生成签名 URL 的过程中,SDK 利用本地存储的密钥信息,根据特定算法计算出签名(signature),然后将其附加到 URL 上,以确保 URL 的有效性和安全性。这一系列计算和构造 URL 的操作都是在客户端完成的,不涉及网络请求到服务端。因此,生成签名 URL 时不需要授予调用者特定权限。然而,为避免第三方用户无法对签名URL授权的资源执行相关操作,需要确保调用生成签名 URL 接口的身份主体已被授予相应的权限。

  • 本文示例代码使用V4签名URL,有效期最大为7天。更多信息,请参见签名版本4(推荐)

使用过程

使用签名URL下载文件的过程如下:

image

方法定义

您可以使用预签名接口生成预签名URL,授予对存储空间中对象的限时访问权限。在过期时间之前,您可以多次使用预签名URL。

预签名接口定义如下:

func (c *Client) Presign(ctx context.Context, request any, optFns ...func(*PresignOptions)) (result *PresignResult, err error)

请求参数列表

参数名

类型

说明

ctx

context.Context

请求的上下文

request

*GetObjectRequest

设置需要生成签名URL的接口名

optFns

...func(*PresignOptions)

(可选)设置过期时间,如果不指定,默认有效期为15分钟

其中,PresignOptions选项列举如下:

选项值

类型

说明

Expires

time.Duration

从当前时间开始,多长时间过期。例如设置一个有效期为30分钟,30 * time.Minute

Expiration

time.Time

绝对过期时间

重要

在签名版本V4下,有效期最长为7天。同时设置Expiration和Expires时,优先取Expiration。

返回值列表

返回值名

类型

说明

result

*PresignResult

返回结果,包含预签名URL,HTTP方法,过期时间和参与签名的请求头

err

error

请求的状态,当请求失败时,err不为nil

其中,PresignResult返回值列举如下:

参数名

类型

说明

Method

string

HTTP方法,和接口对应,例如GetObject接口,返回GET

URL

string

预签名URL

Expiration

time.Time

签名URL的过期时间

SignedHeaders

map[string]string

被签名的请求头,例如PutObject接口,设置了Content-Type时,会返回 Content-Type的信息

示例代码

  1. 文件拥有者生成GET方法的签名URL。

    package main
    
    import (
    	"context"
    	"flag"
    	"log"
    	"time"
    
    	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss"
    	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss/credentials"
    )
    
    // 定义全局变量
    var (
    	region     string // 存储区域
    	bucketName string // 存储空间名称
    	objectName string // 对象名称
    )
    
    // init函数用于初始化命令行参数
    func init() {
    	flag.StringVar(&region, "region", "", "The region in which the bucket is located.")
    	flag.StringVar(&bucketName, "bucket", "", "The name of the bucket.")
    	flag.StringVar(&objectName, "object", "", "The name of the object.")
    }
    
    func main() {
    	// 解析命令行参数
    	flag.Parse()
    
    	// 检查bucket名称是否为空
    	if len(bucketName) == 0 {
    		flag.PrintDefaults()
    		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, bucket name required")
    	}
    
    	// 检查region是否为空
    	if len(region) == 0 {
    		flag.PrintDefaults()
    		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, region required")
    	}
    
    	// 检查object名称是否为空
    	if len(objectName) == 0 {
    		flag.PrintDefaults()
    		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, object name required")
    	}
    
    	// 加载默认配置并设置凭证提供者和区域
    	cfg := oss.LoadDefaultConfig().
    		WithCredentialsProvider(credentials.NewEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()).
    		WithRegion(region)
    
    	// 创建OSS客户端
    	client := oss.NewClient(cfg)
    
    	// 生成GetObject的预签名URL
    	result, err := client.Presign(context.TODO(), &oss.GetObjectRequest{
    		Bucket: oss.Ptr(bucketName),
    		Key:    oss.Ptr(objectName),
    		//RequestPayer: oss.Ptr("requester"), // 指定请求者身份
    	},
    		oss.PresignExpires(10*time.Minute),
    	)
    	if err != nil {
    		log.Fatalf("failed to get object presign %v", err)
    	}
    
    	log.Printf("request method:%v\n", result.Method)
    	log.Printf("request expiration:%v\n", result.Expiration)
    	log.Printf("request url:%v\n", result.URL)
    	if len(result.SignedHeaders) > 0 {
    		//当返回结果包含签名头时,使用签名URL发送GET请求时也包含相应的请求头,以免出现不一致,导致请求失败和签名错误
    		log.Printf("signed headers:\n")
    		for k, v := range result.SignedHeaders {
    			log.Printf("%v: %v\n", k, v)
    		}
    	}
    }
    
  2. 其他人使用GET方法的签名URL下载文件。

    curl

    curl -SO "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********"

    Java

    import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    public class Demo {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            // 替换为生成的GET方法的签名URL。
            String fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********";
            // 填写文件保存的目标路径,包括文件名和扩展名。
            String savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt";
    
            try {
                downloadFile(fileURL, savePath);
                System.out.println("Download completed!");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.err.println("Error during download: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    
        private static void downloadFile(String fileURL, String savePath) throws IOException {
            URL url = new URL(fileURL);
            HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET");
    
            // 检查响应代码
            int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                // 输入流
                InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(httpConn.getInputStream());
                // 输出流
                FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath);
    
                byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; // 缓冲区
                int bytesRead;
                while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                }
    
                outputStream.close();
                inputStream.close();
            } else {
                System.out.println("No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: " + responseCode);
            }
            httpConn.disconnect();
        }
    }

    Node.js

    const https = require('https');
    const fs = require('fs');
    
    const fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********";
    const savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt";
    
    https.get(fileURL, (response) => {
        if (response.statusCode === 200) {
            const fileStream = fs.createWriteStream(savePath);
            response.pipe(fileStream);
            
            fileStream.on('finish', () => {
                fileStream.close();
                console.log("Download completed!");
            });
        } else {
            console.error(`Download failed. Server responded with code: ${response.statusCode}`);
        }
    }).on('error', (err) => {
        console.error("Error during download:", err.message);
    });

    Python

    import requests
    
    file_url = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********"
    save_path = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"
    
    try:
        response = requests.get(file_url, stream=True)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            with open(save_path, 'wb') as f:
                for chunk in response.iter_content(4096):
                    f.write(chunk)
            print("Download completed!")
        else:
            print(f"No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: {response.status_code}")
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error during download:", e)

    Go

    package main
    
    import (
        "io"
        "net/http"
        "os"
    )
    
    func main() {
        fileURL := "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********"
        savePath := "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"
    
        response, err := http.Get(fileURL)
        if err != nil {
            panic(err)
        }
        defer response.Body.Close()
    
        if response.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
            outFile, err := os.Create(savePath)
            if err != nil {
                panic(err)
            }
            defer outFile.Close()
    
            _, err = io.Copy(outFile, response.Body)
            if err != nil {
                panic(err)
            }
            println("Download completed!")
        } else {
            println("No file to download. Server replied HTTP code:", response.StatusCode)
        }
    }

    JavaScript

    const fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********";
    const savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"; // 文件将在下载时使用的文件名
    
    fetch(fileURL)
        .then(response => {
            if (!response.ok) {
                throw new Error(`Server replied HTTP code: ${response.status}`);
            }
            return response.blob(); // 将响应转换为 blob
        })
        .then(blob => {
            const link = document.createElement('a');
            link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
            link.download = savePath; // 设置下载文件的名字
            document.body.appendChild(link); // 此步骤确保链接存在于文档中
            link.click(); // 模拟点击下载链接
            link.remove(); // 完成后移除链接
            console.log("Download completed!");
        })
        .catch(error => {
            console.error("Error during download:", error);
        });

    Android-Java

    import android.os.AsyncTask;
    import android.os.Environment;
    import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {
        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            String fileURL = params[0];
            String savePath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) + "/myfile.txt"; // 修改后的保存路径
            try {
                URL url = new URL(fileURL);
                HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET");
                int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
                if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                    InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(httpConn.getInputStream());
                    FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath);
                    byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
                    int bytesRead;
                    while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                        outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                    }
                    outputStream.close();
                    inputStream.close();
                    return "Download completed!";
                } else {
                    return "No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: " + responseCode;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return "Error during download: " + e.getMessage();
            }
        }
    }

    Objective-C

    #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
    
    int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
        @autoreleasepool {
            // 定义文件 URL 和保存路径(修改为有效的路径)
            NSString *fileURL = @"https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI5************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a939feb8d79a389572719f7e2939939936d0**********";
            NSString *savePath = @"/Users/your_username/Desktop/myfile.txt"; // 请替换为您的用户名
            
            // 创建 URL 对象
            NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:fileURL];
            
            // 创建下载任务
            NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [[NSURLSession sharedSession] dataTaskWithURL:url completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
                // 错误处理
                if (error) {
                    NSLog(@"Error during download: %@", error.localizedDescription);
                    return;
                }
                
                // 检查数据
                if (!data) {
                    NSLog(@"No data received.");
                    return;
                }
                
                // 保存文件
                NSError *writeError = nil;
                BOOL success = [data writeToURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:savePath] options:NSDataWritingAtomic error:&writeError];
                if (success) {
                    NSLog(@"Download completed!");
                } else {
                    NSLog(@"Error saving file: %@", writeError.localizedDescription);
                }
            }];
            
            // 启动任务
            [task resume];
            
            // 让主线程继续运行以便异步请求能够完成
            [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
        }
        return 0;
    }

常见使用场景

生成指定版本的文件的GET方法的签名URL

以下代码示例在生成GET方法的签名URL时,指定了文件的版本,以允许他人下载指定版本的文件。

package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss"
	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss/credentials"
)

// 定义全局变量
var (
	region     string // 存储区域
	bucketName string // 存储空间名称
	objectName string // 对象名称
)

// init函数用于初始化命令行参数
func init() {
	flag.StringVar(&region, "region", "", "The region in which the bucket is located.")
	flag.StringVar(&bucketName, "bucket", "", "The name of the bucket.")
	flag.StringVar(&objectName, "object", "", "The name of the object.")
}

func main() {
	// 解析命令行参数
	flag.Parse()

	// 检查bucket名称是否为空
	if len(bucketName) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, bucket name required")
	}

	// 检查region是否为空
	if len(region) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, region required")
	}

	// 检查object名称是否为空
	if len(objectName) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, object name required")
	}

	// 加载默认配置并设置凭证提供者和区域
	cfg := oss.LoadDefaultConfig().
		WithCredentialsProvider(credentials.NewEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()).
		WithRegion(region)

	// 创建OSS客户端
	client := oss.NewClient(cfg)

	// 生成GetObject的预签名URL
	result, err := client.Presign(context.TODO(), &oss.GetObjectRequest{
		Bucket:    oss.Ptr(bucketName),
		Key:       oss.Ptr(objectName),
		VersionId: oss.Ptr("yourVersionId"), // 指定版本ID
	},
		oss.PresignExpires(10*time.Minute),
	)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("failed to get object presign %v", err)
	}
	log.Printf("get object presign result: %#v\n", result)
	log.Printf("get object url: %#v\n", result.URL)
}

相关文档

  • 关于预签名URL的完整示例代码,请参见GitHub示例

  • 关于预签名URL的API接口,请参见Presign