PolarDB PostgreSQL版支持分区连接(Partition-Wise Join)功能,可以减少分区之间的无效连接,提升连接查询的性能。
概述
分区连接用于两个分区表之间Join优化。当分区表之间使用分区键进行Join时,可以通过分区连接减少分区之间无效的连接,提升连接查询的性能。
使用说明
可通过如下语句开启分区连接功能:
set enable_partitionwise_join to on;
示例
下文通过两个简单易理解的示例来详细介绍分区连接。
示例中包含两个表measurement
和sales
,具体如下:
CREATE TABLE measurement(
city_id int not null,
logdate date not null,
peaktemp int,
unitsales int
) PARTITION BY RANGE (logdate);
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2023q1 PARTITION OF measurement
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-01-01') TO ('2023-04-01');
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2023q2 PARTITION OF measurement
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-04-01') TO ('2023-07-01');
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2023q3 PARTITION OF measurement
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-07-01') TO ('2023-10-01');
CREATE TABLE measurement_y2023q4 PARTITION OF measurement
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-10-01') TO ('2024-04-01');
CREATE TABLE sales (
dept_no number,
part_no varchar2,
country varchar2(20),
date date,
amount number
) PARTITION BY RANGE (date);
CREATE TABLE sales_y2023q1 PARTITION OF sales
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-01-01') TO ('2023-04-01');
CREATE TABLE sales_y2023q2 PARTITION OF sales
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-04-01') TO ('2023-07-01');
CREATE TABLE sales_y2023q3 PARTITION OF sales
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-07-01') TO ('2023-10-01');
CREATE TABLE sales_y2023q4 PARTITION OF sales
FOR VALUES FROM ('2023-10-01') TO ('2024-04-01');
从以上建表语句可以看到:
表
measurement
有四个分区,即measurement_y2023q1
,measurement_y2023q2
,measurement_y2023q3
,measurement_y2023q4
,分别对应了2023年的四个季度。表
sales
也有四个分区,即sales_y2023q1
,sales_y2023q2
,sales_y2023q3
,sales_y2023q4
,分别对应了2023年的四个季度。
此时,执行表measurement
和表sales
的连接查询SQL语句,并查看其查询计划:
explain select a.* from sales a join measurement b on a.date = b.logdate where b.unitsales > 10;
当未开启分区连接功能时,表measurement
和表sales
全连接,查询计划如下:
QUERY PLAN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aggregate (cost=871.75..871.76 rows=1 width=8)
-> Merge Join (cost=448.58..812.79 rows=23587 width=32)
Merge Cond: (a.date = b.logdate)
-> Sort (cost=185.83..191.03 rows=2080 width=40)
Sort Key: a.date
-> Append (cost=0.00..71.20 rows=2080 width=40)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q1 a (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=40)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q2 a_1 (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=40)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q3 a_2 (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=40)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q4 a_3 (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=40)
-> Sort (cost=262.75..268.42 rows=2268 width=8)
Sort Key: b.logdate
-> Append (cost=0.00..136.34 rows=2268 width=8)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q1 b (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q2 b_1 (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q3 b_2 (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q4 b_3 (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
(21 rows)
可以看到,该查询计划是使用表measurement
的所有数据和表sales
的所有数据进行全连接。但此时是存在无效连接的,比如sales_y2023q1
和measurement_y2023q3
他们之间的Join一定是空的,因为连接条件是分区键相等,而sales_y2023q1
和measurement_y2023q3
的分区键是不相等的。只有比如当sales_y2023q1
和measurement_y2023q1
连接后分区键相等才会有结果。
此时如果开启分区连接功能:
set enable_partitionwise_join to on;
然后再执行同样的表measurement
和表sales
的连接查询SQL语句,其查询计划如下:
explain select a.* from sales a join measurement b on a.date = b.logdate where b.unitsales > 10;
QUERY PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Append (cost=21.70..453.33 rows=5896 width=128)
-> Hash Join (cost=21.70..105.96 rows=1474 width=128)
Hash Cond: (b.logdate = a.date)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q1 b (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Hash (cost=15.20..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q1 a (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Hash Join (cost=21.70..105.96 rows=1474 width=128)
Hash Cond: (b_1.logdate = a_1.date)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q2 b_1 (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Hash (cost=15.20..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q2 a_1 (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Hash Join (cost=21.70..105.96 rows=1474 width=128)
Hash Cond: (b_2.logdate = a_2.date)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q3 b_2 (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Hash (cost=15.20..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q3 a_2 (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Hash Join (cost=21.70..105.96 rows=1474 width=128)
Hash Cond: (b_3.logdate = a_3.date)
-> Seq Scan on measurement_y2023q4 b_3 (cost=0.00..31.25 rows=567 width=8)
Filter: (unitsales > 10)
-> Hash (cost=15.20..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
-> Seq Scan on sales_y2023q4 a_3 (cost=0.00..15.20 rows=520 width=128)
(25 rows)
可以看到,当开启分区连接后,分布连接优化的效果很明显:sales_y2023q2
只需要和measurement_y2023q2
连接,sales_y2023q3
只需要和measurement_y2023q3
连接,sales_y2023q4
只需要和measurement_y2023q4
连接。分区之间无效的连接被大大减少,从而显著提升连接查询的性能。